五、完形填空。〔人与社会——历史、社会与文化〕
Though chopsticks (筷子) are used in many Asian (亚洲的) countries, they have their beginning in China. Chinese 1 says that the Chinese had chopsticks in the Xia Dynasty(about 4,000 years ago). In the Spring and Autumn period, copper(铜) and iron(铁) chopsticks came out. Then in the Han Dynasty lacquered(涂漆的) chopsticks came, followed by gold and silver chopsticks still later. Today we have chopsticks 2 plastic(塑料).
Chopsticks 3 Chinese tradition in their way. In ancient times the rich used hard green stone or gold chopsticks to show their wealth. In history many 4 used silver chopsticks to take their food to see if it was poisonous(有毒的). It was said that if it was, the silver chopsticks would turn 5. Chopsticks are traditionally given to a 6 when she marries to show that they should have a son very soon, for "chopsticks" in Chinese is pronounced(发音) like "quick a son"!
Tianzhu chopsticks from Hangzhou, wooden chopsticks from Shanyang of Shaanxi Province, and Beijing's chopsticks are well - known. Many Westerners, businessmen and tourists put aside their 7 and forks in favour of chopsticks in China. Chopsticks appeared in an old Chinese 8: An old man teaches his sons a lesson by 9 how he could easily break a single chopstick but not a number of them. In China, chopsticks are connected with 10. So on Chinese New Year's Eve many families lay out new chopsticks at dinner as a way of making requests for luck.
1. A. geography
B. history
C. biology
D. music
2. A. made in
B. made by
C. made from
D. made of
3. A. speak
B. talk
C. tell
D. say
4. A. kings
B. children
C. teachers
D. farmers
5. A. red
B. green
C. blue
D. black
6. A. son
B. daughter
C. cousin
D. neighbour
7. A. chairs
B. bowls
C. knives
D. plates
8. A. film
B. opera
C. match
D. story
9. A. showing
B. teaching
C. learning
D. working
10. A. rice
B. dumplings
C. luck
D. harvest
Though chopsticks (筷子) are used in many Asian (亚洲的) countries, they have their beginning in China. Chinese 1 says that the Chinese had chopsticks in the Xia Dynasty(about 4,000 years ago). In the Spring and Autumn period, copper(铜) and iron(铁) chopsticks came out. Then in the Han Dynasty lacquered(涂漆的) chopsticks came, followed by gold and silver chopsticks still later. Today we have chopsticks 2 plastic(塑料).
Chopsticks 3 Chinese tradition in their way. In ancient times the rich used hard green stone or gold chopsticks to show their wealth. In history many 4 used silver chopsticks to take their food to see if it was poisonous(有毒的). It was said that if it was, the silver chopsticks would turn 5. Chopsticks are traditionally given to a 6 when she marries to show that they should have a son very soon, for "chopsticks" in Chinese is pronounced(发音) like "quick a son"!
Tianzhu chopsticks from Hangzhou, wooden chopsticks from Shanyang of Shaanxi Province, and Beijing's chopsticks are well - known. Many Westerners, businessmen and tourists put aside their 7 and forks in favour of chopsticks in China. Chopsticks appeared in an old Chinese 8: An old man teaches his sons a lesson by 9 how he could easily break a single chopstick but not a number of them. In China, chopsticks are connected with 10. So on Chinese New Year's Eve many families lay out new chopsticks at dinner as a way of making requests for luck.
1. A. geography
B. history
C. biology
D. music
2. A. made in
B. made by
C. made from
D. made of
3. A. speak
B. talk
C. tell
D. say
4. A. kings
B. children
C. teachers
D. farmers
5. A. red
B. green
C. blue
D. black
6. A. son
B. daughter
C. cousin
D. neighbour
7. A. chairs
B. bowls
C. knives
D. plates
8. A. film
B. opera
C. match
D. story
9. A. showing
B. teaching
C. learning
D. working
10. A. rice
B. dumplings
C. luck
D. harvest
答案：1~5. BDCAD 6~10. BCDAC
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍筷子相关中国历史文化的完形填空题，解题时首先要先通读全文，明确文章核心主题是筷子的起源、发展历程以及背后承载的中国传统民俗文化。之后逐空结合上下文给出的线索、词义辨析规则、基础文化常识逐一排除不符合逻辑的选项，最后把选定的答案代入全文通读，验证整体逻辑通顺即可。比如看到第一空后提到夏朝就出现筷子的内容，就能对应到和历史记载相关；看到最后一空后提到“祈求好运”的表述，就能反向推导出筷子和好运的关联，所有题目都有明确的语境提示可以辅助判断。
【解析】
1. 后文提到早在约4000年前的夏朝中国就已经出现筷子，对应的是中国历史的相关记载，地理、生物、音乐均不符合语境，选B。
2. 考查make相关短语辨析：made in后接产地，made by后接制造者，made from表示看不出原材料的制作，made of表示可以直接看出原材料的制作，塑料制作的筷子可以直接辨识出材质，选D。
3. 动词词义辨析：speak后常接语言类宾语，talk多为不及物动词搭配介词使用，say后接具体说的内容，tell有“讲述、传递”的含义，此处指筷子以自身的方式传递中国传统，选C。
4. 结合古代常识，会使用银筷子测试食物是否有毒的群体是古代的君王，孩子、老师、农民都不符合历史背景，选A。
5. 传统民俗常识中，古人认为银筷子接触到有毒物质会变黑，符合设定的只有D选项，选D。
6. 后文提到“她结婚”、寓意很快生儿子，对应传统习俗里筷子作为新婚贺礼送给出嫁的女儿，谐音“快生贵子”，选B。
7. 西方人传统的配套餐具是刀和叉，和后文的forks对应，选C。
8. 后文讲述老人通过折筷子的行为教育儿子团结道理的内容，是中国流传的古老故事，电影、戏曲、比赛都不符合，选D。
9. 此处逻辑是老人通过向儿子展示“单根筷子容易折断，多根筷子很难折断”的现象来完成教育，showing符合语境，选A。
10. 后文明确提到除夕夜家庭摆放新筷子是为了祈求好运，说明筷子和好运相关，选C。
【答案】
1~5. BDCAD 6~10. BCDAC
【知识点】
完形语境辨析，动词短语辨析，传统民俗常识
【点评】
本题选材贴合中国传统文化主题，考点覆盖了初中阶段常见的固定搭配、动词词义辨析，大部分题目都有明确的上下文线索提示，同时融入基础的历史文化常识，既考察学生的语言基础知识，也引导学生了解本土传统民俗文化，做完形时养成“前后呼应找线索”的习惯就能大幅提升正确率。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍筷子相关中国历史文化的完形填空题，解题时首先要先通读全文，明确文章核心主题是筷子的起源、发展历程以及背后承载的中国传统民俗文化。之后逐空结合上下文给出的线索、词义辨析规则、基础文化常识逐一排除不符合逻辑的选项，最后把选定的答案代入全文通读，验证整体逻辑通顺即可。比如看到第一空后提到夏朝就出现筷子的内容，就能对应到和历史记载相关；看到最后一空后提到“祈求好运”的表述，就能反向推导出筷子和好运的关联，所有题目都有明确的语境提示可以辅助判断。
【解析】
1. 后文提到早在约4000年前的夏朝中国就已经出现筷子，对应的是中国历史的相关记载，地理、生物、音乐均不符合语境，选B。
2. 考查make相关短语辨析：made in后接产地，made by后接制造者，made from表示看不出原材料的制作，made of表示可以直接看出原材料的制作，塑料制作的筷子可以直接辨识出材质，选D。
3. 动词词义辨析：speak后常接语言类宾语，talk多为不及物动词搭配介词使用，say后接具体说的内容，tell有“讲述、传递”的含义，此处指筷子以自身的方式传递中国传统，选C。
4. 结合古代常识，会使用银筷子测试食物是否有毒的群体是古代的君王，孩子、老师、农民都不符合历史背景，选A。
5. 传统民俗常识中，古人认为银筷子接触到有毒物质会变黑，符合设定的只有D选项，选D。
6. 后文提到“她结婚”、寓意很快生儿子，对应传统习俗里筷子作为新婚贺礼送给出嫁的女儿，谐音“快生贵子”，选B。
7. 西方人传统的配套餐具是刀和叉，和后文的forks对应，选C。
8. 后文讲述老人通过折筷子的行为教育儿子团结道理的内容，是中国流传的古老故事，电影、戏曲、比赛都不符合，选D。
9. 此处逻辑是老人通过向儿子展示“单根筷子容易折断，多根筷子很难折断”的现象来完成教育，showing符合语境，选A。
10. 后文明确提到除夕夜家庭摆放新筷子是为了祈求好运，说明筷子和好运相关，选C。
【答案】
1~5. BDCAD 6~10. BCDAC
【知识点】
完形语境辨析，动词短语辨析，传统民俗常识
【点评】
本题选材贴合中国传统文化主题，考点覆盖了初中阶段常见的固定搭配、动词词义辨析，大部分题目都有明确的上下文线索提示，同时融入基础的历史文化常识，既考察学生的语言基础知识，也引导学生了解本土传统民俗文化，做完形时养成“前后呼应找线索”的习惯就能大幅提升正确率。
【难度系数】
0.7