一、单项选择
(
A.along
B.through
C.during
D.against
(
D
) 1. The wind on the sea was very strong and the ship sailed very slowly against
the wind.A.along
B.through
C.during
D.against
答案：1. D
解析：
【解析】
分析各选项词义：A. along 意为“沿着”；B. through 意为“穿过”；C. during 意为“在……期间”；D. against 意为“逆着，反对”。根据语境“海上风很大，船航行得很慢”，可知船是逆风行驶，against the wind为固定表达，意为“逆风”，符合语境，故选D。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
介词词义辨析；固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查介词的词义辨析，需结合语境判断介词的正确用法，掌握against表“逆着”的含义及相关固定表达是解题核心。
【难度系数】
0.7
分析各选项词义：A. along 意为“沿着”；B. through 意为“穿过”；C. during 意为“在……期间”；D. against 意为“逆着，反对”。根据语境“海上风很大，船航行得很慢”，可知船是逆风行驶，against the wind为固定表达，意为“逆风”，符合语境，故选D。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
介词词义辨析；固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查介词的词义辨析，需结合语境判断介词的正确用法，掌握against表“逆着”的含义及相关固定表达是解题核心。
【难度系数】
0.7
(
—We'd better
A.forget
B.continue
C.stop
D.keep
B
) 2. —Grandma, can I watch cartoons for a while?—We'd better
continue
making the rest of the dumplings for dinner first.A.forget
B.continue
C.stop
D.keep
答案：2. B
解析：
【解析】
首先分析对话语境：孩子请求看动画片，奶奶建议先处理剩下的包饺子任务。
逐一辨析选项：
A. forget doing sth. 意为“忘记做过某事”，不符合语境；
B. continue doing sth. 意为“继续做某事”，契合“继续包剩余饺子”的语境；
C. stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”，与语境相悖；
D. keep doing sth. 意为“一直做某事”，但此处强调“继续完成剩余部分”，continue更贴合语境。
且We'd better后接动词原形，选项形式均符合要求，结合语境选B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
动词短语辨析；语境理解
【点评】
本题考查动词短语词义辨析与语境运用能力，需结合对话场景理解句意，掌握不同动词短语的含义及用法是解题核心。
【难度系数】
0.7
首先分析对话语境：孩子请求看动画片，奶奶建议先处理剩下的包饺子任务。
逐一辨析选项：
A. forget doing sth. 意为“忘记做过某事”，不符合语境；
B. continue doing sth. 意为“继续做某事”，契合“继续包剩余饺子”的语境；
C. stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”，与语境相悖；
D. keep doing sth. 意为“一直做某事”，但此处强调“继续完成剩余部分”，continue更贴合语境。
且We'd better后接动词原形，选项形式均符合要求，结合语境选B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
动词短语辨析；语境理解
【点评】
本题考查动词短语词义辨析与语境运用能力，需结合对话场景理解句意，掌握不同动词短语的含义及用法是解题核心。
【难度系数】
0.7
(
—Yes! Now many of us fall in love with this art form.
A.failed
B.let
C.managed
D.made
C
) 3. —Mrs Chen has managed
to help us understand the development of Beijing opera with videos and pictures.—Yes! Now many of us fall in love with this art form.
A.failed
B.let
C.managed
D.made
答案：3. C
解析：
【解析】
首先分析各选项的用法与语境：
1. A选项failed：固定搭配为fail to do sth.，意为“没能做成某事”，但根据答语“Now many of us fall in love with this art form.”可知陈老师成功帮助了大家，不符合语境，排除。
2. B选项let：固定搭配为let sb. do sth.，后接不带to的不定式，此处空后是to help，搭配不符，排除。
3. C选项managed：固定搭配为manage to do sth.，意为“成功做成某事”，符合答语体现的“陈老师成功帮助大家理解京剧发展”的语境，正确。
4. D选项made：固定搭配为make sb. do sth.，后接不带to的不定式，此处空后是to help，搭配不符，排除。
因此选C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
动词固定搭配；动词词义辨析
【点评】
本题考查动词的固定搭配及词义辨析，需掌握不同动词后接非谓语动词的用法差异，同时结合语境判断选项，侧重对基础动词用法和语境理解的考查。
【难度系数】
0.7
首先分析各选项的用法与语境：
1. A选项failed：固定搭配为fail to do sth.，意为“没能做成某事”，但根据答语“Now many of us fall in love with this art form.”可知陈老师成功帮助了大家，不符合语境，排除。
2. B选项let：固定搭配为let sb. do sth.，后接不带to的不定式，此处空后是to help，搭配不符，排除。
3. C选项managed：固定搭配为manage to do sth.，意为“成功做成某事”，符合答语体现的“陈老师成功帮助大家理解京剧发展”的语境，正确。
4. D选项made：固定搭配为make sb. do sth.，后接不带to的不定式，此处空后是to help，搭配不符，排除。
因此选C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
动词固定搭配；动词词义辨析
【点评】
本题考查动词的固定搭配及词义辨析，需掌握不同动词后接非谓语动词的用法差异，同时结合语境判断选项，侧重对基础动词用法和语境理解的考查。
【难度系数】
0.7
二、词汇运用
It was a sunny day for our rock climbing class. I went first. At first, I climbed the wall slowly. When I was about halfway up, my foot slipped and I almost
1.
5.
It was a sunny day for our rock climbing class. I went first. At first, I climbed the wall slowly. When I was about halfway up, my foot slipped and I almost
fell
(fall)! Luckily, the safety rope
(绳索) held me. I was hanging in the air, feeling a little scared. But the coach encouraged me to continue
(继续). Seconds later, I decided to forget about my fear. I pulled
(拉) myself up with all my strength and climbed straight
(径直) up to the top. All my classmates cheered for me! At that moment, I felt tired
(tire) out but so proud of myself.1.
fell
2. rope
3. continue
4. pulled
5.
straight
6. tired
答案：1. fell 2. rope 3. continue 4. pulled 5. straight 6. tired
解析：
【解析】
1. 此处描述过去发生的动作，与前面的slipped时态一致，用fall的过去式fell。
2. “绳索”对应的英文单词是rope。
3. 固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，此处用动词原形continue。
4. 动作发生在过去，用pull的过去式pulled。
5. 此处用副词straight修饰动词climbed，表示“径直地”。
6. 固定短语feel tired out表示“疲惫不堪”，用tire的形容词形式tired。
【答案】
1. fell 2. rope 3. continue 4. pulled 5. straight 6. tired
【知识点】
一般过去时运用、动词固定搭配、词性转换
【点评】
本题结合攀岩语境考查词汇运用，涵盖动词时态变化、固定短语、词汇拼写等考点，要求学生在理解语境的基础上，准确把握词汇的形式变化与用法。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 此处描述过去发生的动作，与前面的slipped时态一致，用fall的过去式fell。
2. “绳索”对应的英文单词是rope。
3. 固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，此处用动词原形continue。
4. 动作发生在过去，用pull的过去式pulled。
5. 此处用副词straight修饰动词climbed，表示“径直地”。
6. 固定短语feel tired out表示“疲惫不堪”，用tire的形容词形式tired。
【答案】
1. fell 2. rope 3. continue 4. pulled 5. straight 6. tired
【知识点】
一般过去时运用、动词固定搭配、词性转换
【点评】
本题结合攀岩语境考查词汇运用，涵盖动词时态变化、固定短语、词汇拼写等考点，要求学生在理解语境的基础上，准确把握词汇的形式变化与用法。
【难度系数】
0.6
三、阅读理解
Time flies when you play on your smartphone. But when you get down to studying, things are different. Why are we so easily attracted by smartphones but not by studying?
It all boils down to something small and hard to see: dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical (化学物质) that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, get a prize or after we exercise. Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 per cent increase in dopamine.
But why? When we visit social media, we don't know what we will see next, or who will give opinions about things we post. This magic of "maybe" makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations are met, dopamine is given out. And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn't provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily.
Can we do something to change that? According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colours to black and white. We can also set time limits (限制) on apps so that we do not overuse them.
"As for studying, you can check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it," said a scientist in this field. "You can also try to use what you've learnt to make an influence in the real world. This will make learning much more interesting."
(
A. When they know what will happen next.
B. When they stay in a familiar (熟悉的) environment.
C. When they get used to something.
D. When their expectations are met.
(
A. Dopamine is something that can make us feel good.
B. Our brains give dopamine out before we exercise or get a prize.
C. The magic of "maybe" excites us after we read messages.
D. Apps can become less attractive if we change the sound of notifications.
(
A. Setting time limits on everything you do.
B. Using what you have learnt to make an influence in real life.
C. Giving yourself a test daily or weekly to check your progress.
D. Reading the interesting parts in your textbooks first.
Time flies when you play on your smartphone. But when you get down to studying, things are different. Why are we so easily attracted by smartphones but not by studying?
It all boils down to something small and hard to see: dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical (化学物质) that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, get a prize or after we exercise. Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 per cent increase in dopamine.
But why? When we visit social media, we don't know what we will see next, or who will give opinions about things we post. This magic of "maybe" makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations are met, dopamine is given out. And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn't provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily.
Can we do something to change that? According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colours to black and white. We can also set time limits (限制) on apps so that we do not overuse them.
"As for studying, you can check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it," said a scientist in this field. "You can also try to use what you've learnt to make an influence in the real world. This will make learning much more interesting."
(
D
) 1. When do people have more dopamine?A. When they know what will happen next.
B. When they stay in a familiar (熟悉的) environment.
C. When they get used to something.
D. When their expectations are met.
(
A
) 2. Which statement is true according to the passage?A. Dopamine is something that can make us feel good.
B. Our brains give dopamine out before we exercise or get a prize.
C. The magic of "maybe" excites us after we read messages.
D. Apps can become less attractive if we change the sound of notifications.
(
B
) 3. Which of the following might make learning more interesting?A. Setting time limits on everything you do.
B. Using what you have learnt to make an influence in real life.
C. Giving yourself a test daily or weekly to check your progress.
D. Reading the interesting parts in your textbooks first.
答案：1. D 2. A 3. B
解析：
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第三段“When our expectations are met, dopamine is given out.”及前文内容可知，当人们的期待被满足时，大脑分泌的多巴胺更多，故选D。
2. 第2题：A选项对应第二段“Dopamine is a chemical (化学物质) that makes people feel good.”，表述正确；B选项与第二段“Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, get a prize or after we exercise.”不符，应为运动或获奖后分泌多巴胺；C选项与第三段内容不符，“maybe”的魔力是在期待消息时而非查看消息后；D选项与第四段“apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colours to black and white.”不符，并非改变通知声音，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据文章最后一段“You can also try to use what you've learnt to make an influence in the real world. This will make learning much more interesting.”可知，将所学知识应用到现实世界并产生影响能让学习更有趣，故选B。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. B
【知识点】
细节信息查找、正误判断、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕多巴胺的作用展开，解释了手机比学习更具吸引力的原因，并给出了相应的改善方法。题目侧重考查对文章细节内容的提取与判断，需要学生精准定位原文信息，有助于提升学生的信息筛选能力与逻辑分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：根据文章第三段“When our expectations are met, dopamine is given out.”及前文内容可知，当人们的期待被满足时，大脑分泌的多巴胺更多，故选D。
2. 第2题：A选项对应第二段“Dopamine is a chemical (化学物质) that makes people feel good.”，表述正确；B选项与第二段“Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, get a prize or after we exercise.”不符，应为运动或获奖后分泌多巴胺；C选项与第三段内容不符，“maybe”的魔力是在期待消息时而非查看消息后；D选项与第四段“apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colours to black and white.”不符，并非改变通知声音，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据文章最后一段“You can also try to use what you've learnt to make an influence in the real world. This will make learning much more interesting.”可知，将所学知识应用到现实世界并产生影响能让学习更有趣，故选B。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. B
【知识点】
细节信息查找、正误判断、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕多巴胺的作用展开，解释了手机比学习更具吸引力的原因，并给出了相应的改善方法。题目侧重考查对文章细节内容的提取与判断，需要学生精准定位原文信息，有助于提升学生的信息筛选能力与逻辑分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6