零五网 全部参考答案 随堂反馈 2026年综合素质随堂反馈八年级英语下册译林版常州专版 第192页解析答案
四、信息还原(10分)
Chinese people have used wind power for thousands of years. Because of the need of war,
Zhang Liang invented the kite. 1.
G
To go abroad to do business with foreigners, Zheng
He used wind to drive his big ships.
Wind power is a clean energy resource. 2.
E
When the wind makes windmills spin, they make electricity. It is said that there are millions of windmills in the world now.
3.
C
First, it is clean. Windmills cause little pollution. Second, we can use wind
power forever because there is always wind in nature.
Some people are afraid that windmills will kill birds. 4.
D
Old windmills killed birds
because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, so they aren't dangerous for birds.
Some people say that building windmills will be harmful to the environment. There is no need
to worry about it. As long as we choose the right places, they won't harm the environment
around. Also, windmills are always built where there are fewer people. 5.
B

Today, about 2.5% of the world's power comes from wind. And the number keeps growing.
A. But nobody had success. B. So their noise won't trouble us.
C. Why is wind power so popular? D. It used to be true, but it isn't any more.
E. Now, we mainly use it to make electricity.
F. So few people can use electricity made by wind.
G. To send messages, Zhuge Kongming invented the sky lantern.
答案:1.G 2.E 3.C 4.D 5.B
解析:
【分析】
做这类信息还原题,首先要先通读全文,明确本文的核心主题是介绍风能的应用历史、优势以及大众对风能的常见误解,解题时逐空定位前后文的逻辑关联,匹配符合语境的选项:
1. 第1空前后都在列举中国古代利用风力的相关发明/事例,前一句讲张良因战争需要发明风筝,后一句讲郑和借助风力驱动大船出海经商,因此空处需要填入另一个古代和风能应用相关的事例,匹配对应选项。
2. 第2空前一句点明风能是清洁能源,后一句介绍风车转动就能发电,因此空处需要衔接古代用风能到现代用风能发电的过渡内容。
3. 第3空后文用First、Second依次列出风能的两个核心优势,说明空处是提出引出下文优势的设问句。
4. 第4空前一句提出“有人担心风车会杀死鸟类”的观点,后文说明老式风车转速快会误伤鸟,新式风车转速慢对鸟没有危险,因此空处是对这个旧观点的辩证说明。
5. 第5空前一句点明风车通常建在人烟稀少的区域,空处需要填入该做法带来的合理结果,完成逻辑闭环。
【解析】
1. 空处前后都是中国古代利用风力的相关事例,G选项“为了传递信息,诸葛孔明发明了孔明灯”和前后的风筝、郑和下西洋的例子并列,符合语境,选G。
2. 前文讲风能是清洁能源,后文讲风车转动发电,E选项“现在,我们主要用它来发电”完成了古代风能应用到现代风能发电的过渡,衔接自然,选E。
3. 后文逐条列举风能的两个优势,C选项“为什么风能如此受欢迎?”作为设问句引出下文的原因解释,逻辑通顺,选C。
4. 前文提出有人担心风车杀死鸟类,后文说明新式风车不会伤害鸟类,D选项“这在过去是真的,但现在已经不是了”对该担忧做出辩证回应,符合语境,选D。
5. 前文提到风车都建在人更少的地方,B选项“所以它们的噪音不会打扰到我们”是该选址特点带来的合理结果,逻辑连贯,选B。
【答案】
1.G 2.E 3.C 4.D 5.B
【知识点】
英语信息还原 上下文逻辑推理 科普类阅读
【点评】
本题属于科普类的信息还原题型,难度适中,重点考察学生对语篇句间逻辑关系的判断能力,解题时抓住举例并列、设问引出下文、转折辩证、因果推导等常见逻辑线索,就能快速排除无关选项锁定正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、词汇运用(9分)
1. The students finished the final project
successfully
before the summer vacation.
2. Large
trucks
must stop when turning right based on the traffic rules.
3. To save some money, I finally decided to buy a
second-hand
laptop for my
online classes.
4. 30 per cent of the money of the company was used to
recycle
rubbish.
5. Some new
electronic
products make our daily life more convenient.
6. Solar power is
widely
used in many cities to make street lamps work well.
7. Stop
breaking
the library rule by playing music on your phone without earphones.
8. I didn't realize the importance of time
management
until I entered middle school.
9. The clear lake in the countryside is
polluted
by waste water from nearby factories.
答案:1. successfully 2. trucks 3. second-hand 4. recycle 5. electronic 6. widely 7. breaking 8. management 9. polluted
解析:
【分析】
解这类词汇运用题的思路非常清晰:第一步先通读完整句子,梳理整句的核心语义,明确句子要表达的场景;第二步分析空格所在的句法成分,判断空格处需要填入的单词词性(副词、名词、形容词、动词等);第三步结合语境匹配符合逻辑的词汇,最后还要验证语法规则是否符合要求,比如固定搭配、被动语态形式、非谓语动词形式等,逐一核对后就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 句意为“学生们在暑假前成功完成了期末项目”,空格修饰动词finished,需要填入副词,successfully(成功地)符合语境和语法要求。
2. 句意为“根据交通规则,大型卡车右转时必须停车”,空格前有形容词large修饰,后面谓语动词stop用原形,说明主语是复数名词,trucks(卡车)符合交通规则相关的语境。
3. 句意为“为了省钱,我最终决定买一台二手笔记本电脑用来上网课”,空格修饰名词laptop,需要填入形容词,second-hand(二手的)对应前文“省钱”的语境。
4. 句意为“公司30%的资金被用来回收垃圾”,固定搭配be used to do sth. 后接动词原形,recycle(回收)符合垃圾处理的语义逻辑。
5. 句意为“一些新的电子产品让我们的日常生活更便利”,空格修饰名词products,electronic(电子的)构成固定搭配electronic products(电子产品),符合语境。
6. 句意为“太阳能在很多城市被广泛使用来让路灯正常工作”,空格修饰动词used,需要填入副词,widely(广泛地)符合语义。
7. 句意为“不要违反图书馆规则,不要不戴耳机用手机放音乐”,固定搭配stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事”,break the rule是固定搭配“违反规则”,因此填入break的动名词形式breaking。
8. 句意为“直到我上了中学,我才意识到时间管理的重要性”,固定搭配time management表示“时间管理”,符合语境。
9. 句意为“乡下清澈的湖泊被附近工厂的废水污染了”,本句是被动语态结构“be+过去分词”,polluted是pollute的过去分词,表“被污染”,符合语义和语法。
【答案】
1. successfully 2. trucks 3. second-hand 4. recycle 5. electronic 6. widely 7. breaking 8. management 9. polluted
【知识点】
1. 词性辨析
2. 固定搭配
3. 被动语态
【点评】
本题结合生活场景、社会常识考察初中阶段核心词汇的语境运用,既要求学生掌握课标要求的基础词汇含义,也要求学生能准确判断句子所需的词性,区分非谓语动词、被动语态等语法规则的使用场景,整体侧重对词汇灵活运用能力的考察。
【难度系数】
0.6
六、综合填空(10分)
Have you ever washed your clothes without detergents? I've chosen to do this
1.
since
early May. It's not about costs—detergents are not expensive. It's about using
resources 2.
wisely
to reduce plastic pollution.
Many detergents have microplastics in them. Microplastics are 3.
less

than five millimetres long. Moreover, clothes drop tiny plastic fibers when being
washed. These fibers are also 4.
a
kind of microplastic. And washing clothes with
detergents lets out 86% more of these fibers than washing them in pure water.
These tiny pieces of plastic 5.
will be poured
into the sea in the future. It is
6.
harmful
to the environment, sea life and us humans.
Clearly, plastic pollution hardly 7.
breaks
down. But we can choose
to slowly reduce the use of plastics. Last month, a "green" market 8.
was held
in a
neighbourhood in Shanghai. People there brought empty, used plastic bottles to the market.
They filled their bottles 9.
with
detergents provided by a detergent producer. Such
events can help reduce the need for new plastic bottles.
All in all, we can take small 10.
steps
to help protect the environment.
答案:1. since 2. wisely 3. less 4. a 5. will be poured 6. harmful 7. breaks 8. was held 9. with 10. steps
解析:
【分析】
首先通读全文,明确文章核心主题是介绍减少洗涤剂使用、降低塑料污染的环保理念,再逐空结合句子时态、句子成分、上下文语义和固定搭配规则推导答案:先观察句子时态和后续时间标志判断所需的介词/连词,再根据修饰成分判断对应词性,结合than、in the future等标志词判断比较级、时态语态,最后调用积累的常用固定搭配匹配语境,逐个确定正确答案。
【解析】
1. 考查介词。句子谓语为现在完成时"I've chosen",空格后接过去的具体时间点early May,since+过去时间点意为“自从……”,符合语境,故填since。
2. 考查副词。此处修饰动词短语using resources,需用副词,表达“明智地使用资源以减少塑料污染”的含义,wisely意为“明智地”,符合语义,故填wisely。
3. 考查比较级。空格后出现than提示用比较级,less than为固定搭配意为“少于”,此处表示微塑料长度不足5毫米,故填less。
4. 考查冠词。a kind of为固定搭配,意为“一种”,此处表示这些细小纤维也是一种微塑料,故填a。
5. 考查被动语态和时态。时间状语in the future提示用一般将来时,主语tiny pieces of plastic和动词pour是被动关系,需用一般将来时的被动结构will be poured,表示这些塑料碎片未来会被排入海洋,故填will be poured。
6. 考查形容词。be harmful to为固定搭配,意为“对……有害”,此处指代塑料污染对环境、海洋生物和人类都有害,故填harmful。
7. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语plastic pollution是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,break down意为“分解”,符合“塑料几乎很难分解”的语义,故填breaks。
8. 考查被动语态和时态。时间状语last month提示用一般过去时,主语a "green" market和动词hold是被动关系,需用一般过去时的被动结构was held,表示绿色市集在上海某社区被举办,故填was held。
9. 考查介词。fill...with...为固定搭配,意为“用……装满……”,此处表示人们用生产商提供的洗涤剂把空瓶子装满,故填with。
10. 考查名词复数。take small steps为固定搭配,意为“采取小的行动/步骤”,符合“我们可以从小事做起保护环境”的语境,step是可数名词,此处用复数表泛指,故填steps。
【答案】
1. since 2. wisely 3. less 4. a 5. will be poured 6. harmful 7. breaks 8. was held 9. with 10. steps
【知识点】
现在完成时,固定搭配,被动语态
【点评】
本题以塑料污染环保主题为载体,考点覆盖介词、副词、比较级、时态语态、主谓一致等初中英语核心知识点,既考查学生的基础语法运用能力,也要求学生结合上下文语义逻辑推导答案,同时渗透了环保理念的引导,整体考点设置均衡。
【难度系数】
0.6
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