六、句子还原。
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine pioneers travelling west in the 1800s. In those days, it was hard to find running water and shops where people could buy things. As time went by, most pioneers had to make their homes near a river so that they could get water easily.
How did rivers help people in the past?
Back in the pioneer days, people grew their own food, caught their own fish, and collected their own water. 1 People also used rivers as roads, travelling on boats. Traders shipped goods(货物) to people from other areas.
2
When building factories next to rivers to use water power, some people choose to live nearby for work. They use the river to ship large goods, and some of them work at these factories where power factories provide electricity to homes and businesses. 3
Who wouldn't want to live near a river?
Some people are nervous about living near rivers because rivers can cause floods(洪水). Every once in a while, floodwaters rise higher than a house, ruining(毁坏) many things in the house. 4 Such waste causes water to smell bad and pollutes the crops(庄稼) people eat. Water and crops in polluted areas can make people very sick.
How do people decide where to live?
5 Rivers can provide jobs and fun activities in a beautiful place. However, those living by rivers should be willing to accept possible problems as well.
A. Why do people live near rivers now?
B. Some factories put their waste into rivers.
C. Staying close to a river made it easy for people to get water for living.
D. People who carry goods onto ships live near the river, too.
E. People should think over the possible risks before deciding where to live.
F. Why did people want to live near a river?
G. Factories also use river water to water the crops around them.
1.
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine pioneers travelling west in the 1800s. In those days, it was hard to find running water and shops where people could buy things. As time went by, most pioneers had to make their homes near a river so that they could get water easily.
How did rivers help people in the past?
Back in the pioneer days, people grew their own food, caught their own fish, and collected their own water. 1 People also used rivers as roads, travelling on boats. Traders shipped goods(货物) to people from other areas.
2
When building factories next to rivers to use water power, some people choose to live nearby for work. They use the river to ship large goods, and some of them work at these factories where power factories provide electricity to homes and businesses. 3
Who wouldn't want to live near a river?
Some people are nervous about living near rivers because rivers can cause floods(洪水). Every once in a while, floodwaters rise higher than a house, ruining(毁坏) many things in the house. 4 Such waste causes water to smell bad and pollutes the crops(庄稼) people eat. Water and crops in polluted areas can make people very sick.
How do people decide where to live?
5 Rivers can provide jobs and fun activities in a beautiful place. However, those living by rivers should be willing to accept possible problems as well.
A. Why do people live near rivers now?
B. Some factories put their waste into rivers.
C. Staying close to a river made it easy for people to get water for living.
D. People who carry goods onto ships live near the river, too.
E. People should think over the possible risks before deciding where to live.
F. Why did people want to live near a river?
G. Factories also use river water to water the crops around them.
1.
C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. E
答案：六、1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.E
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇七选五阅读还原题型，解题时先通读全文梳理行文逻辑：文章按照时间顺序，先后介绍过去河流对人类的作用、当代人们临河居住的原因、临河居住的潜在风险，最后给出居住选址的建议。解题时要重点关注上下文的指代关系、话题一致性、前后逻辑承接，同时匹配小标题和对应段落的内容，逐空筛选符合语境的选项，排除多余干扰项。
第1空对应“过去河流如何帮助人类”的段落，前文提到过去人们需要自行收集生活用水，后文补充河流作为航道的作用，要填入承接取水相关、符合过去场景的句子；第2空是段落主题设问句，前一段讲过去的情况，本段内容讲当代人们临河居住的原因，要匹配对应现在时间线的设问；第3空前文提到人们利用河流运输大宗货物，承接运货相关的人群居住情况即可；第4空后文提到“这类废弃物”带来的污染问题，前文必须出现排放废弃物的相关表述；第5空对应“如何选择居住地”的段落，后文提到临河有好处但也要接受潜在问题，要填入总结性的选址建议类句子。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文描述拓荒时代人们需要自行收集生活用水，后文补充河流作为水上道路的作用，C选项“住在靠近河流的地方让人们很容易获取生活用水”，承接前文取水的话题，符合过去的语境，逻辑通顺。
2. 第2空：该空是段落的主题句，前一段主题是过去河流对人的帮助，本段内容介绍当代人们在河边建厂、就业、利用河运的相关内容，A选项“为什么现在人们住在河流附近？”作为设问小标题，精准匹配本段内容，和上一段的过去主题形成时间线的对应。
3. 第3空：前文提到人们利用河流运输大宗货物，部分人在河边的工厂工作，D选项“把货物搬运上船的人也住在河边”，承接河运货物的相关话题，补充了另一类临河居住的人群，逻辑连贯。
4. 第4空：后文出现指代“这类废弃物”的表述，说明空格处要提到废弃物的来源，B选项“一些工厂把废弃物排入河流”，正好引出后文的水污染、庄稼污染的相关危害，指代关系完全匹配。
5. 第5空：本段主题是人们如何选择居住地，后文提到临河有诸多好处但也存在潜在问题，E选项“人们在决定住在哪里之前应该仔细考虑可能存在的风险”，是对本段内容的总结性建议，完全符合语境。
多余选项F是询问过去人们为什么想住在河边，相关内容已经在第一段和对应段落覆盖，不需要重复设问；G选项提到工厂用河水浇灌周边庄稼，全文没有相关对应内容，属于干扰项。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.E
【知识点】
阅读七选五，语境逻辑推理，细节指代判断
【点评】
本题难度适中，行文逻辑清晰，有明确的时间线作为解题线索，学生只要抓住段落主题句和上下文的指代关系，比如第4空的such waste的指代提示，就能顺利选出正确答案，同时也能帮助学生梳理人类与河流关联的相关常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇七选五阅读还原题型，解题时先通读全文梳理行文逻辑：文章按照时间顺序，先后介绍过去河流对人类的作用、当代人们临河居住的原因、临河居住的潜在风险，最后给出居住选址的建议。解题时要重点关注上下文的指代关系、话题一致性、前后逻辑承接，同时匹配小标题和对应段落的内容，逐空筛选符合语境的选项，排除多余干扰项。
第1空对应“过去河流如何帮助人类”的段落，前文提到过去人们需要自行收集生活用水，后文补充河流作为航道的作用，要填入承接取水相关、符合过去场景的句子；第2空是段落主题设问句，前一段讲过去的情况，本段内容讲当代人们临河居住的原因，要匹配对应现在时间线的设问；第3空前文提到人们利用河流运输大宗货物，承接运货相关的人群居住情况即可；第4空后文提到“这类废弃物”带来的污染问题，前文必须出现排放废弃物的相关表述；第5空对应“如何选择居住地”的段落，后文提到临河有好处但也要接受潜在问题，要填入总结性的选址建议类句子。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文描述拓荒时代人们需要自行收集生活用水，后文补充河流作为水上道路的作用，C选项“住在靠近河流的地方让人们很容易获取生活用水”，承接前文取水的话题，符合过去的语境，逻辑通顺。
2. 第2空：该空是段落的主题句，前一段主题是过去河流对人的帮助，本段内容介绍当代人们在河边建厂、就业、利用河运的相关内容，A选项“为什么现在人们住在河流附近？”作为设问小标题，精准匹配本段内容，和上一段的过去主题形成时间线的对应。
3. 第3空：前文提到人们利用河流运输大宗货物，部分人在河边的工厂工作，D选项“把货物搬运上船的人也住在河边”，承接河运货物的相关话题，补充了另一类临河居住的人群，逻辑连贯。
4. 第4空：后文出现指代“这类废弃物”的表述，说明空格处要提到废弃物的来源，B选项“一些工厂把废弃物排入河流”，正好引出后文的水污染、庄稼污染的相关危害，指代关系完全匹配。
5. 第5空：本段主题是人们如何选择居住地，后文提到临河有诸多好处但也存在潜在问题，E选项“人们在决定住在哪里之前应该仔细考虑可能存在的风险”，是对本段内容的总结性建议，完全符合语境。
多余选项F是询问过去人们为什么想住在河边，相关内容已经在第一段和对应段落覆盖，不需要重复设问；G选项提到工厂用河水浇灌周边庄稼，全文没有相关对应内容，属于干扰项。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.E
【知识点】
阅读七选五，语境逻辑推理，细节指代判断
【点评】
本题难度适中，行文逻辑清晰，有明确的时间线作为解题线索，学生只要抓住段落主题句和上下文的指代关系，比如第4空的such waste的指代提示，就能顺利选出正确答案，同时也能帮助学生梳理人类与河流关联的相关常识。
【难度系数】
0.7