D
California, the USA, saw heavy rainfall in the first week of March which caused floods. Surprisingly, the state is known for its long droughts. Atmospheric rivers often cause California's heaviest rain, snow, and floods. Now, we have seen rivers flowing through different places, but what are atmospheric rivers? Let's find out.
Atmospheric rivers form over warm oceans. As the sun warms the ocean, water changes into vapour(蒸气) and rises into the air, creating atmospheric rivers. Now, these atmospheric rivers carry the water vapour from the ocean to the land, where it cools down to bring rain and snow.
Atmospheric rivers can generally be in different shapes and sizes. But the big ones containing the highest water vapour concentrations(含量) can cause heavy rainfall and floods. One of the most powerful atmospheric rivers originates(发源) in the Pacific Ocean and flows into California.
Atmospheric rivers play an important role on our planet. They often bring beneficial rain or snow, which is important to the global water cycle. Atmospheric rivers account for more than half of rainfall in coastal regions in North America, France, Spain, South America, Southeast Asia, etc. They are important for agriculture and the survival of plants and animals.
At times, however, atmospheric rivers can cause severe floods. This happens when climate change affects the timing and distribution(分布) of atmospheric rivers. As global temperature rises, the moisture content(含水量) in the air increases, leading to a rise in atmospheric rivers. These changes may cause problems in areas that are not used to severe rain. Heavy rain can flood houses and roads, causing various problems.
All in all, we need further study on atmospheric rivers. And we must try to lessen the effects of climate change so that our planet can stay healthy for years.
A. By listing several numbers.
B. By comparing two facts.
C. By telling a piece of news.
D. By following the order of time.
(
A. tiny dust
B. ocean water
C. water vapour
D. rain and snow
(
① They can be quite damaging.
② They're helpful for agriculture.
③ They have no influence on France.
④ They make global temperature rise.
A. ①②
B. ②③
C. ③④
D. ①④
(
California, the USA, saw heavy rainfall in the first week of March which caused floods. Surprisingly, the state is known for its long droughts. Atmospheric rivers often cause California's heaviest rain, snow, and floods. Now, we have seen rivers flowing through different places, but what are atmospheric rivers? Let's find out.
Atmospheric rivers form over warm oceans. As the sun warms the ocean, water changes into vapour(蒸气) and rises into the air, creating atmospheric rivers. Now, these atmospheric rivers carry the water vapour from the ocean to the land, where it cools down to bring rain and snow.
Atmospheric rivers can generally be in different shapes and sizes. But the big ones containing the highest water vapour concentrations(含量) can cause heavy rainfall and floods. One of the most powerful atmospheric rivers originates(发源) in the Pacific Ocean and flows into California.
Atmospheric rivers play an important role on our planet. They often bring beneficial rain or snow, which is important to the global water cycle. Atmospheric rivers account for more than half of rainfall in coastal regions in North America, France, Spain, South America, Southeast Asia, etc. They are important for agriculture and the survival of plants and animals.
At times, however, atmospheric rivers can cause severe floods. This happens when climate change affects the timing and distribution(分布) of atmospheric rivers. As global temperature rises, the moisture content(含水量) in the air increases, leading to a rise in atmospheric rivers. These changes may cause problems in areas that are not used to severe rain. Heavy rain can flood houses and roads, causing various problems.
All in all, we need further study on atmospheric rivers. And we must try to lessen the effects of climate change so that our planet can stay healthy for years.
A. By listing several numbers.
B. By comparing two facts.
C. By telling a piece of news.
D. By following the order of time.
(
C
)38. According to the passage, atmospheric rivers are full of .A. tiny dust
B. ocean water
C. water vapour
D. rain and snow
(
A
)39. (创新考法·组合式选择)What role do atmospheric rivers play?① They can be quite damaging.
② They're helpful for agriculture.
③ They have no influence on France.
④ They make global temperature rise.
A. ①②
B. ②③
C. ③④
D. ①④
(
C
)40. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?答案：D[语篇解读]本文以美国加州的反常暴雨灾害为切入点，介绍大气河流的形成、特征与双重影响，既科普相关科学知识，也警示气候变化的危害，呼吁深入研究并守护地球健康。
37. C 38. C 39. A
40. C 篇章结构题。本文采用“引出现象—科普概念—辩证分析—总结升华”的递进式说明文结构。第一段以加州极端天气现象开篇，点出大气河流是引发灾害的原因，总起全文；第二、三段说明大气河流的形成过程与运作原理，解释基本概念并介绍其形态大小不一的特征，点明大型大气河流易引发灾害，为下文做铺垫；第四、五段先正面说明大气河流对全球水循环、沿海地区农业和动植物生存的益处，再转折论述气候变化使其加剧，进而引发严重洪水、带来安全隐患；第六段提出要深入研究大气河流，同时呼吁减轻气候变化影响，升华文章主题。
37. C 38. C 39. A
40. C 篇章结构题。本文采用“引出现象—科普概念—辩证分析—总结升华”的递进式说明文结构。第一段以加州极端天气现象开篇，点出大气河流是引发灾害的原因，总起全文；第二、三段说明大气河流的形成过程与运作原理，解释基本概念并介绍其形态大小不一的特征，点明大型大气河流易引发灾害，为下文做铺垫；第四、五段先正面说明大气河流对全球水循环、沿海地区农业和动植物生存的益处，再转折论述气候变化使其加剧，进而引发严重洪水、带来安全隐患；第六段提出要深入研究大气河流，同时呼吁减轻气候变化影响，升华文章主题。
解析：
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解题和篇章结构题。解题思路如下：
1. 第38题：属于细节理解题，需定位原文中关于大气河流成分的描述，直接提取对应信息即可。
2. 第39题：属于组合式细节理解题，需逐一核对每个描述是否符合原文内容，排除错误选项后确定正确组合。
3. 第40题：属于篇章结构题，需梳理文章各段落的内容逻辑，判断整体结构形式，匹配对应选项。
【解析】
38题：定位原文第三段“But the big ones containing the highest water vapour concentrations(含量) can cause heavy rainfall and floods.”，可知大气河流含有高浓度水蒸气，因此选C。
39题：逐一分析描述：①原文第五段提到大气河流会引发严重洪水，说明有破坏性，正确；②原文第四段指出大气河流对农业重要，正确；③原文第四段说明法国沿海地区超一半降雨来自大气河流，并非无影响，错误；④原文第五段是全球升温导致大气河流变化，而非大气河流导致升温，错误。因此正确组合为①②，选A。
40题：梳理文章结构：第一段引出现加州暴雨现象，点出大气河流的作用；第二、三段介绍大气河流的形成与特征；第四、五段分别说明大气河流的益处和危害；第六段总结呼吁。对应选项C的“引出现象—科普概念—辩证分析—总结升华”结构，选C。
【答案】
38. C；39. A；40. C
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解题、篇章结构题
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解的核心能力，涵盖细节定位和文章逻辑梳理，需学生具备快速提取信息、分析文本结构的能力，题型常规且有一定综合性。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解题和篇章结构题。解题思路如下：
1. 第38题：属于细节理解题，需定位原文中关于大气河流成分的描述，直接提取对应信息即可。
2. 第39题：属于组合式细节理解题，需逐一核对每个描述是否符合原文内容，排除错误选项后确定正确组合。
3. 第40题：属于篇章结构题，需梳理文章各段落的内容逻辑，判断整体结构形式，匹配对应选项。
【解析】
38题：定位原文第三段“But the big ones containing the highest water vapour concentrations(含量) can cause heavy rainfall and floods.”，可知大气河流含有高浓度水蒸气，因此选C。
39题：逐一分析描述：①原文第五段提到大气河流会引发严重洪水，说明有破坏性，正确；②原文第四段指出大气河流对农业重要，正确；③原文第四段说明法国沿海地区超一半降雨来自大气河流，并非无影响，错误；④原文第五段是全球升温导致大气河流变化，而非大气河流导致升温，错误。因此正确组合为①②，选A。
40题：梳理文章结构：第一段引出现加州暴雨现象，点出大气河流的作用；第二、三段介绍大气河流的形成与特征；第四、五段分别说明大气河流的益处和危害；第六段总结呼吁。对应选项C的“引出现象—科普概念—辩证分析—总结升华”结构，选C。
【答案】
38. C；39. A；40. C
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解题、篇章结构题
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解的核心能力，涵盖细节定位和文章逻辑梳理，需学生具备快速提取信息、分析文本结构的能力，题型常规且有一定综合性。
【难度系数】
0.5