B 核心素养 社会主义先进文化
Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, passed away at the age of 99 on February 6th, 2025. But his great achievements and strong spirit will always be in our hearts and continue to guide us to a brighter future.
his homeland in the war during his childhood. These painful memories pushed him to study hard, and he made up his mind to use his knowledge to make the country strong.
In the 1950s, when China began the challenging journey of developing nuclear submarines (核潜艇), Huang Xuhua took action bravely. It was such a difficult task in China at that time. However, he and his team accepted the challenge. To keep the project secret, they worked in secret, away from their families. Huang Xuhua had to be away from his hometown for years.
During the design process, they met lots of challenges. Designing a nuclear reactor (核反应堆), for example, was really difficult. China didn't have the technology and resources for such a project, and other countries kept their technology secret. They needed to depend on their own research. Without computers, they could only use abacuses (算盘) and rulers to do their work. Another key problem was making sure of the submarine's underwater stability (稳定性). After many tests, they finally succeeded.
In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested. This made China become the fifth country to have one. Huang Xuhua didn't rest on his laurels. Instead, he continued to improve submarine technology. And he got the Medal of the Republic in 2019.
Now, as we remember him, we understand that his life teaches us to be brave and never give up. We should learn from his spirit. Let's take the responsibility, face challenges bravely, and work hard to build a stronger China.
(
A. To study abroad for better education.
B. To keep the nuclear submarine project secret.
C. To take care of his family during the war.
D. To find resources for the submarine design.
(
A. A leading scientist.
B. A nuclear submarine.
C. An excellent team.
D. A secret project.
(
A. Huang Xuhua worked on China's nuclear submarine program for about 10 years.
B. When designing submarines, Huang Xuhua could turn to foreign experts for help.
C. He received China's top science award before the first nuclear submarine was started.
D. Only a few countries in the world could build nuclear submarines in the 1970s.
(
Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, passed away at the age of 99 on February 6th, 2025. But his great achievements and strong spirit will always be in our hearts and continue to guide us to a brighter future.
his homeland in the war during his childhood. These painful memories pushed him to study hard, and he made up his mind to use his knowledge to make the country strong.
In the 1950s, when China began the challenging journey of developing nuclear submarines (核潜艇), Huang Xuhua took action bravely. It was such a difficult task in China at that time. However, he and his team accepted the challenge. To keep the project secret, they worked in secret, away from their families. Huang Xuhua had to be away from his hometown for years.
During the design process, they met lots of challenges. Designing a nuclear reactor (核反应堆), for example, was really difficult. China didn't have the technology and resources for such a project, and other countries kept their technology secret. They needed to depend on their own research. Without computers, they could only use abacuses (算盘) and rulers to do their work. Another key problem was making sure of the submarine's underwater stability (稳定性). After many tests, they finally succeeded.
In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested. This made China become the fifth country to have one. Huang Xuhua didn't rest on his laurels. Instead, he continued to improve submarine technology. And he got the Medal of the Republic in 2019.
Now, as we remember him, we understand that his life teaches us to be brave and never give up. We should learn from his spirit. Let's take the responsibility, face challenges bravely, and work hard to build a stronger China.
(
B
)29. Why did Huang Xuhua leave his hometown for years?A. To study abroad for better education.
B. To keep the nuclear submarine project secret.
C. To take care of his family during the war.
D. To find resources for the submarine design.
(
B
)30. What does "one" in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. A leading scientist.
B. A nuclear submarine.
C. An excellent team.
D. A secret project.
(
D
)31. Which of the following is true according to this passage?A. Huang Xuhua worked on China's nuclear submarine program for about 10 years.
B. When designing submarines, Huang Xuhua could turn to foreign experts for help.
C. He received China's top science award before the first nuclear submarine was started.
D. Only a few countries in the world could build nuclear submarines in the 1970s.
(
A
)32. (创新考法·篇章结构)What may be the best structure of the passage?答案：B[语篇解读]本文讲述了中国伟大的科学家黄旭华的生平事迹。
29. B
30. B 代词指代题。根据文章第五段中“In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested. This made China become the fifth country to have one.”可知，此处的one指代的是前文提到的核潜艇。
31. D 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested. This made China become the fifth country to have one.”可知，当时仅有五个国家拥有核潜艇，由此可推断出，世界上只有少数几个国家能够建造核潜艇。
32. A 篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍黄旭华院士逝世的消息，总述其成就与精神的影响；第二段介绍黄旭华的出生背景和童年经历；第三、四、五段详细讲述黄旭华参与中国核潜艇项目的具体过程和取得的成就；第六段总结黄旭华的一生给我们的启示，我们应该学习他的精神，勇敢面对挑战，努力建设更强大的中国。所以选项A符合文章结构。
29. B
30. B 代词指代题。根据文章第五段中“In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested. This made China become the fifth country to have one.”可知，此处的one指代的是前文提到的核潜艇。
31. D 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested. This made China become the fifth country to have one.”可知，当时仅有五个国家拥有核潜艇，由此可推断出，世界上只有少数几个国家能够建造核潜艇。
32. A 篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍黄旭华院士逝世的消息，总述其成就与精神的影响；第二段介绍黄旭华的出生背景和童年经历；第三、四、五段详细讲述黄旭华参与中国核潜艇项目的具体过程和取得的成就；第六段总结黄旭华的一生给我们的启示，我们应该学习他的精神，勇敢面对挑战，努力建设更强大的中国。所以选项A符合文章结构。
解析：
【分析】
本题为人物传记类阅读理解，包含细节理解、代词指代、推理判断、篇章结构四类题型。解题思路如下：1. 29题是细节理解题，需定位原文中黄旭华离家多年的原因，找到对应语句即可选答案；2. 30题是代词指代题，要根据代词所在句的前文内容，确定被指代的核心名词；3. 31题是推理判断题，需结合原文信息（如第五段提到中国成为第五个拥有核潜艇的国家），推断出当时能建造核潜艇的国家数量少；4. 32题是篇章结构题，需先给文章分段，分析各段作用（总述、分述、总结），再匹配对应结构选项。
【解析】
29. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段“To keep the project secret, they worked in secret, away from their families. Huang Xuhua had to be away from his hometown for years.”可知，他离家多年是为了保守核潜艇项目的秘密，故选B。
30. 代词指代题：第五段提到“In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested. This made China become the fifth country to have one.”，此处one指代前文的“nuclear submarine”，故选B。
31. 推理判断题：根据第五段“China become the fifth country to have one”可知，当时仅有五个国家拥有核潜艇，由此可推断世界上只有少数国家能建造核潜艇，故选D。
32. 篇章结构题：文章第一段总述黄旭华逝世及他的成就与精神；第二段介绍他的童年背景；第三、四、五段详细讲述他参与核潜艇项目的过程与成就；第六段总结他的精神带来的启示，对应选项A的结构，故选A。
【答案】
29.B 30.B 31.D 32.A
【知识点】
细节理解题、代词指代题、推理判断题、篇章结构题
【点评】
本文围绕科学家黄旭华的事迹展开，考查阅读理解中常见的四类题型，需要学生具备快速定位原文、理解代词含义、合理推理及分析篇章结构的能力，是典型的中等难度阅读理解题。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为人物传记类阅读理解，包含细节理解、代词指代、推理判断、篇章结构四类题型。解题思路如下：1. 29题是细节理解题，需定位原文中黄旭华离家多年的原因，找到对应语句即可选答案；2. 30题是代词指代题，要根据代词所在句的前文内容，确定被指代的核心名词；3. 31题是推理判断题，需结合原文信息（如第五段提到中国成为第五个拥有核潜艇的国家），推断出当时能建造核潜艇的国家数量少；4. 32题是篇章结构题，需先给文章分段，分析各段作用（总述、分述、总结），再匹配对应结构选项。
【解析】
29. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段“To keep the project secret, they worked in secret, away from their families. Huang Xuhua had to be away from his hometown for years.”可知，他离家多年是为了保守核潜艇项目的秘密，故选B。
30. 代词指代题：第五段提到“In the 1970s, China's first nuclear submarine was successfully built and tested. This made China become the fifth country to have one.”，此处one指代前文的“nuclear submarine”，故选B。
31. 推理判断题：根据第五段“China become the fifth country to have one”可知，当时仅有五个国家拥有核潜艇，由此可推断世界上只有少数国家能建造核潜艇，故选D。
32. 篇章结构题：文章第一段总述黄旭华逝世及他的成就与精神；第二段介绍他的童年背景；第三、四、五段详细讲述他参与核潜艇项目的过程与成就；第六段总结他的精神带来的启示，对应选项A的结构，故选A。
【答案】
29.B 30.B 31.D 32.A
【知识点】
细节理解题、代词指代题、推理判断题、篇章结构题
【点评】
本文围绕科学家黄旭华的事迹展开，考查阅读理解中常见的四类题型，需要学生具备快速定位原文、理解代词含义、合理推理及分析篇章结构的能力，是典型的中等难度阅读理解题。
【难度系数】
0.6