四、缺词填空。（每空一词）
Many years ago, in a small village, an old man was hired(雇用） to clear the spring(泉水） up on the mountain. He took care of the spring every day, and s 1 away all the leaves and other things t 2 would make the water dirty. Soon, beautiful swans came to the clear spring, and the village became a popular attraction for visitors.
Years passed. One evening, the town leaders held a meeting. As they looked at the salary, one of them said, “Why do we keep this old man o 3 year after year? I don’t think we need him or his work. ” Later, the old man was t 4 to leave.
Several weeks later, something changed. When early a 5 came, leaves began to fall from trees, and the spring was covered with the leaves. A few days later, the water was much dirtier. Only a few months a 6 the man left, all the swans left too. And t 7 didn’t come, either.
Then they realized their m 8 and rehired the old man. A few weeks later, the spring became clear. Soon new life r 9 to the village.
So, my friends, do you see? No matter how small your work seems to be, n 10 look down upon it. Anything that we do will make a difference.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Many years ago, in a small village, an old man was hired(雇用） to clear the spring(泉水） up on the mountain. He took care of the spring every day, and s 1 away all the leaves and other things t 2 would make the water dirty. Soon, beautiful swans came to the clear spring, and the village became a popular attraction for visitors.
Years passed. One evening, the town leaders held a meeting. As they looked at the salary, one of them said, “Why do we keep this old man o 3 year after year? I don’t think we need him or his work. ” Later, the old man was t 4 to leave.
Several weeks later, something changed. When early a 5 came, leaves began to fall from trees, and the spring was covered with the leaves. A few days later, the water was much dirtier. Only a few months a 6 the man left, all the swans left too. And t 7 didn’t come, either.
Then they realized their m 8 and rehired the old man. A few weeks later, the spring became clear. Soon new life r 9 to the village.
So, my friends, do you see? No matter how small your work seems to be, n 10 look down upon it. Anything that we do will make a difference.
1.
swept
2.
that
3.
on
4.
told
5.
autumn
6.
after
7.
tourists
8.
mistake
9.
returned
10.
never
答案：1. swept
2. that
3. on
4. told
5. autumn
6. after
7. tourists
8. mistake
9. returned
10. never
2. that
3. on
4. told
5. autumn
6. after
7. tourists
8. mistake
9. returned
10. never
解析：
【分析】
做这类首字母提示的缺词填空，首先要通读全文梳理完整故事脉络：本文讲述受雇清理山泉水的老人被镇领导辞退后，泉水逐渐变脏、天鹅和游客都离开，众人意识到错误重新请回老人，村庄恢复生机的故事，最终引出不要轻视任何微小工作的道理。接下来逐空结合首字母提示、上下文语境、语法规则和固定搭配推导答案：
1. 第一空：前文提到老人每天照料泉水，要清理走会弄脏水的树叶，结合首字母s对应“扫走”的动作，全文为一般过去时，填sweep的过去式即可；
2. 第二空：这是修饰先行词things的定语从句，先行词是物且被other修饰，结合首字母t，用关系代词that引导从句；
3. 第三空：此处表达“为什么年复一年继续雇用这个老人”，结合首字母o，对应固定搭配keep sb. on，意为“继续雇用某人”；
4. 第四空：镇领导觉得不需要老人的工作，老人是“被告知离开”，属于被动语态，结合首字母t，填tell的过去分词；
5. 第五空：后文提到树叶从树上落下，对应秋季的特征，结合首字母a，填表示秋季的单词；
6. 第六空：此处表达“在老人离开仅仅几个月之后”，结合首字母a，填表示时间先后的after；
7. 第七空：前文提到村庄原本是受游客欢迎的景点，环境变差后游客也不再前来，结合首字母t，填游客的复数形式；
8. 第八空：镇领导之前做出了辞退老人的错误决定，此时意识到了自己的错误，结合首字母m，填表示错误的单词；
9. 第九空：泉水重新变清澈后，新的生机回到村庄，全文为过去时态，结合首字母r，填return的过去式；
10. 第十空：主旨句告诫人们无论工作多渺小都不要轻视它，结合首字母n，填表否定含义的never。
【解析】
1. swept：语境中老人需要扫走树叶避免弄脏泉水，sweep away是固定搭配意为“扫走”，全文叙事为一般过去时，sweep的过去式为swept。
2. that：先行词是指代事物的other things，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词that引导该从句，符合语法规则。
3. on：固定搭配keep sb. on 表示“继续雇用某人”，契合镇领导质疑一直留用老人的语境。
4. told：老人是被通知离开，句子为一般过去时的被动语态“was + 过去分词”，tell的过去分词是told，be told to leave表示“被告知离开”。
5. autumn：根据后文“树叶开始从树上掉落”的典型特征，对应的季节是秋天，填autumn。
6. after：体现时间逻辑，在老人离开的几个月之后，所有天鹅也都离开了，填after符合语义。
7. tourists：前文提到村庄是热门旅游景点，环境变差后游客也不再前来，用复数tourists指代所有到访的游客。
8. mistake：镇领导之前做出了辞退老人的错误决策，此时意识到了自己的错误，填mistake。
9. returned：泉水重新变清澈之后，新的生机回到了村庄，叙事为一般过去时，return的过去式是returned。
10. never：此处是主旨句的提示，告诫人们永远不要轻视看似微小的工作，never表示“绝不、从不”符合语境。
【答案】
1. swept
2. that
3. on
4. told
5. autumn
6. after
7. tourists
8. mistake
9. returned
10. never
【知识点】
首字母填空，定语从句，动词时态语态
【点评】
本题是记叙文类首字母缺词填空，故事脉络清晰，大部分空可通过上下文语境和固定搭配直接推导，仅第二空涉及定语从句的基础语法考点，既考查学生对语篇整体逻辑的把握能力，也考查基础词汇和语法的积累，需要学生避免脱离上下文孤立看单句填词的错误习惯。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类首字母提示的缺词填空，首先要通读全文梳理完整故事脉络：本文讲述受雇清理山泉水的老人被镇领导辞退后，泉水逐渐变脏、天鹅和游客都离开，众人意识到错误重新请回老人，村庄恢复生机的故事，最终引出不要轻视任何微小工作的道理。接下来逐空结合首字母提示、上下文语境、语法规则和固定搭配推导答案：
1. 第一空：前文提到老人每天照料泉水，要清理走会弄脏水的树叶，结合首字母s对应“扫走”的动作，全文为一般过去时，填sweep的过去式即可；
2. 第二空：这是修饰先行词things的定语从句，先行词是物且被other修饰，结合首字母t，用关系代词that引导从句；
3. 第三空：此处表达“为什么年复一年继续雇用这个老人”，结合首字母o，对应固定搭配keep sb. on，意为“继续雇用某人”；
4. 第四空：镇领导觉得不需要老人的工作，老人是“被告知离开”，属于被动语态，结合首字母t，填tell的过去分词；
5. 第五空：后文提到树叶从树上落下，对应秋季的特征，结合首字母a，填表示秋季的单词；
6. 第六空：此处表达“在老人离开仅仅几个月之后”，结合首字母a，填表示时间先后的after；
7. 第七空：前文提到村庄原本是受游客欢迎的景点，环境变差后游客也不再前来，结合首字母t，填游客的复数形式；
8. 第八空：镇领导之前做出了辞退老人的错误决定，此时意识到了自己的错误，结合首字母m，填表示错误的单词；
9. 第九空：泉水重新变清澈后，新的生机回到村庄，全文为过去时态，结合首字母r，填return的过去式；
10. 第十空：主旨句告诫人们无论工作多渺小都不要轻视它，结合首字母n，填表否定含义的never。
【解析】
1. swept：语境中老人需要扫走树叶避免弄脏泉水，sweep away是固定搭配意为“扫走”，全文叙事为一般过去时，sweep的过去式为swept。
2. that：先行词是指代事物的other things，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词that引导该从句，符合语法规则。
3. on：固定搭配keep sb. on 表示“继续雇用某人”，契合镇领导质疑一直留用老人的语境。
4. told：老人是被通知离开，句子为一般过去时的被动语态“was + 过去分词”，tell的过去分词是told，be told to leave表示“被告知离开”。
5. autumn：根据后文“树叶开始从树上掉落”的典型特征，对应的季节是秋天，填autumn。
6. after：体现时间逻辑，在老人离开的几个月之后，所有天鹅也都离开了，填after符合语义。
7. tourists：前文提到村庄是热门旅游景点，环境变差后游客也不再前来，用复数tourists指代所有到访的游客。
8. mistake：镇领导之前做出了辞退老人的错误决策，此时意识到了自己的错误，填mistake。
9. returned：泉水重新变清澈之后，新的生机回到了村庄，叙事为一般过去时，return的过去式是returned。
10. never：此处是主旨句的提示，告诫人们永远不要轻视看似微小的工作，never表示“绝不、从不”符合语境。
【答案】
1. swept
2. that
3. on
4. told
5. autumn
6. after
7. tourists
8. mistake
9. returned
10. never
【知识点】
首字母填空，定语从句，动词时态语态
【点评】
本题是记叙文类首字母缺词填空，故事脉络清晰，大部分空可通过上下文语境和固定搭配直接推导，仅第二空涉及定语从句的基础语法考点，既考查学生对语篇整体逻辑的把握能力，也考查基础词汇和语法的积累，需要学生避免脱离上下文孤立看单句填词的错误习惯。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、阅读理解。
Yushu, Qinghai Province, is one of the habitats for black-necked cranes. These cranes have very long necks and their necks are black. That's why they are called black-necked cranes. They travel very far every year. They spend about 7 months in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(高原).
Starting in March, black-necked cranes will fly back to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. There are lakes and marshes(沼泽), perfect for them to live in. Year after year, black-necked cranes may fly to other places, but they always come back to the plateau area.
Their life is difficult, because they don't have enough food and the weather changes very often. Black-necked cranes have a very small population. They are under first-class state protection in China. Local people treat the birds with love. They are a symbol of good luck there, so they are very popular.
It is not hard to get along with these wild animals. Just give them a little more space and then they can have a bigger chance to thrive(茁壮成长). People in this area are working very hard to make sure the black-necked cranes live better.
(
A. Because they have long black necks.
B. Because they stand for good luck.
C. Because they fly back to the plateau area.
D. Because they are under first-class state protection.
(
A. number
B. place
C. size
D. bird
(
A. We can watch the black-necked cranes in Yushu in February.
B. Forests are perfect for the black-necked cranes to live in.
C. It's not hard to get along with black-necked cranes.
D. The weather seldom changes in Yushu, Qinghai Province.
(
A. travel
B. geography
C. sports
D. nature
Yushu, Qinghai Province, is one of the habitats for black-necked cranes. These cranes have very long necks and their necks are black. That's why they are called black-necked cranes. They travel very far every year. They spend about 7 months in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(高原).
Starting in March, black-necked cranes will fly back to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. There are lakes and marshes(沼泽), perfect for them to live in. Year after year, black-necked cranes may fly to other places, but they always come back to the plateau area.
Their life is difficult, because they don't have enough food and the weather changes very often. Black-necked cranes have a very small population. They are under first-class state protection in China. Local people treat the birds with love. They are a symbol of good luck there, so they are very popular.
It is not hard to get along with these wild animals. Just give them a little more space and then they can have a bigger chance to thrive(茁壮成长). People in this area are working very hard to make sure the black-necked cranes live better.
(
B
)1. Why do local people love the birds?A. Because they have long black necks.
B. Because they stand for good luck.
C. Because they fly back to the plateau area.
D. Because they are under first-class state protection.
(
A
)2. In Paragraph 3, what does the underlined word "population" mean?A. number
B. place
C. size
D. bird
(
C
)3. Which of the following is TRUE?A. We can watch the black-necked cranes in Yushu in February.
B. Forests are perfect for the black-necked cranes to live in.
C. It's not hard to get along with black-necked cranes.
D. The weather seldom changes in Yushu, Qinghai Province.
(
D
)4. We can read this passage in the part of a magazine.A. travel
B. geography
C. sports
D. nature
答案：1. B 【点拨】根据“Local people treat the birds with love. They are a symbol of good luck there, so they are very popular.”可知,在当地,它们是好运的象征,所以它们很受欢迎。故选B。
2. A 【点拨】根据“They are under first-class state protection in China.”可知,因为数量少,所以在中国是国家一级保护动物,所以 population 与 number 意思相近。故选A。
3. C 【点拨】根据“It is not hard to get along with these wild animals.”可知,与这些野生动物相处并不难。故选C。
4. D 【点拨】通读全文可知,本文主要介绍黑颈鹤的生存现状,与自然有关。故选D。
2. A 【点拨】根据“They are under first-class state protection in China.”可知,因为数量少,所以在中国是国家一级保护动物,所以 population 与 number 意思相近。故选A。
3. C 【点拨】根据“It is not hard to get along with these wild animals.”可知,与这些野生动物相处并不难。故选C。
4. D 【点拨】通读全文可知,本文主要介绍黑颈鹤的生存现状,与自然有关。故选D。
解析：
【分析】
解答这篇阅读理解可以按照以下思路进行：1. 先浏览所有题干，明确每道题的考点，带着问题回原文定位对应内容，避免盲目读文浪费时间；2. 细节类题目直接锁定题干关键词，找到原文对应的语句，比对选项选出匹配答案；3. 词义猜测题结合前后文的逻辑关系推导含义，本题中后文提到黑颈鹤是国家一级保护动物，反向推导前文描述的特征；4. 正误判断题把每个选项都带回原文逐一验证，排除表述错误的干扰项；5. 文章出处类题目通读全文把握核心主题，匹配对应的杂志板块即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位到原文第三段"Local people treat the birds with love. They are a symbol of good luck there, so they are very popular."，可知当地人喜爱黑颈鹤是因为它们是好运的象征，对应选项B。A是黑颈鹤名字的由来、C是黑颈鹤的迁徙习性、D是黑颈鹤的保护等级，均不是当地人喜爱它们的原因，排除。
2. 词义猜测题：结合上下文，前文提到黑颈鹤生存艰难，后文提到它们属于中国国家一级保护动物，可推知划线词population此处指黑颈鹤的种群总数量，和number含义一致，选A。其余选项place（地点）、size（尺寸）、bird（鸟）均不符合语境逻辑。
3. 细节判断题：逐一验证选项：A选项，原文提到黑颈鹤3月才飞回青藏高原，2月不可能在玉树看到它们，表述错误；B选项，原文提到湖泊和沼泽是适合黑颈鹤生存的环境，并非森林，表述错误；C选项，原文最后一段第一句明确说明"It is not hard to get along with these wild animals."，表述正确；D选项，原文第三段提到当地天气经常变化，并非几乎不变，表述错误。因此选C。
4. 文章出处题：全文围绕珍稀野生动物黑颈鹤的栖息地、生活习性、保护现状展开，核心主题和自然、野生动物保护相关，对应杂志的自然板块，选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，词义猜测，文本主旨判断
【点评】
本篇是介绍我国珍稀保护动物黑颈鹤的说明文，题目均为初中英语阅读的基础常规题型，考点覆盖细节查找、词义推测、文章出处判断，只要学生耐心将选项和原文内容逐一比对，就能避开干扰项选出正确答案，同时也能帮助学生建立野生动物保护的相关认知。
【难度系数】
0.8
解答这篇阅读理解可以按照以下思路进行：1. 先浏览所有题干，明确每道题的考点，带着问题回原文定位对应内容，避免盲目读文浪费时间；2. 细节类题目直接锁定题干关键词，找到原文对应的语句，比对选项选出匹配答案；3. 词义猜测题结合前后文的逻辑关系推导含义，本题中后文提到黑颈鹤是国家一级保护动物，反向推导前文描述的特征；4. 正误判断题把每个选项都带回原文逐一验证，排除表述错误的干扰项；5. 文章出处类题目通读全文把握核心主题，匹配对应的杂志板块即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位到原文第三段"Local people treat the birds with love. They are a symbol of good luck there, so they are very popular."，可知当地人喜爱黑颈鹤是因为它们是好运的象征，对应选项B。A是黑颈鹤名字的由来、C是黑颈鹤的迁徙习性、D是黑颈鹤的保护等级，均不是当地人喜爱它们的原因，排除。
2. 词义猜测题：结合上下文，前文提到黑颈鹤生存艰难，后文提到它们属于中国国家一级保护动物，可推知划线词population此处指黑颈鹤的种群总数量，和number含义一致，选A。其余选项place（地点）、size（尺寸）、bird（鸟）均不符合语境逻辑。
3. 细节判断题：逐一验证选项：A选项，原文提到黑颈鹤3月才飞回青藏高原，2月不可能在玉树看到它们，表述错误；B选项，原文提到湖泊和沼泽是适合黑颈鹤生存的环境，并非森林，表述错误；C选项，原文最后一段第一句明确说明"It is not hard to get along with these wild animals."，表述正确；D选项，原文第三段提到当地天气经常变化，并非几乎不变，表述错误。因此选C。
4. 文章出处题：全文围绕珍稀野生动物黑颈鹤的栖息地、生活习性、保护现状展开，核心主题和自然、野生动物保护相关，对应杂志的自然板块，选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，词义猜测，文本主旨判断
【点评】
本篇是介绍我国珍稀保护动物黑颈鹤的说明文，题目均为初中英语阅读的基础常规题型，考点覆盖细节查找、词义推测、文章出处判断，只要学生耐心将选项和原文内容逐一比对，就能避开干扰项选出正确答案，同时也能帮助学生建立野生动物保护的相关认知。
【难度系数】
0.8