四、根据短文内容,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
I have two good friends, Betty and Max. Betty is very slim and she has long hair in $\underline{\quad1\quad}$ ponytail. She is helpful and ready $\underline{\quad2\quad}$ (help) anyone any time. On the bus, she always gives up her seat to someone in need. She often helps me $\underline{\quad3\quad}$ my schoolwork when I need help. She is also trustworthy. When something $\underline{\quad4\quad}$ (worry) me, I always go to her. She is patient enough to listen to my problems. When I am down, she knows the way $\underline{\quad5\quad}$ (cheer) me up.
Max is a boy with small round glasses. They make him look a little $\underline{\quad6\quad}$ (fun). He has a sense of humour and enjoys telling interesting $\underline{\quad7\quad}$ (joke), so I never feel bored with him. He is always full $\underline{\quad8\quad}$ energy. He stays active when doing sports and doing club activities. He never gets tired. He is also a $\underline{\quad9\quad}$ (cheer) person. He always encourages me to keep $\underline{\quad10\quad}$ (try). I think we can be good friends for life.
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
6. ______
7. ______
8. ______
9. ______
10. ______
I have two good friends, Betty and Max. Betty is very slim and she has long hair in $\underline{\quad1\quad}$ ponytail. She is helpful and ready $\underline{\quad2\quad}$ (help) anyone any time. On the bus, she always gives up her seat to someone in need. She often helps me $\underline{\quad3\quad}$ my schoolwork when I need help. She is also trustworthy. When something $\underline{\quad4\quad}$ (worry) me, I always go to her. She is patient enough to listen to my problems. When I am down, she knows the way $\underline{\quad5\quad}$ (cheer) me up.
Max is a boy with small round glasses. They make him look a little $\underline{\quad6\quad}$ (fun). He has a sense of humour and enjoys telling interesting $\underline{\quad7\quad}$ (joke), so I never feel bored with him. He is always full $\underline{\quad8\quad}$ energy. He stays active when doing sports and doing club activities. He never gets tired. He is also a $\underline{\quad9\quad}$ (cheer) person. He always encourages me to keep $\underline{\quad10\quad}$ (try). I think we can be good friends for life.
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
6. ______
7. ______
8. ______
9. ______
10. ______
答案：1. a 2. to help 3. with 4. worries 5. to cheer
6. funny 7. jokes 8. of 9. cheerful 10. trying
6. funny 7. jokes 8. of 9. cheerful 10. trying
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇基础类的语法填空题，解题时首先通读全文，理清文章介绍自己两位好友的整体大意，之后逐个分析空格：首先判断空格是否给提示词，没有提示词的空大多是冠词、介词这类虚词，结合语境和积累的固定短语推导即可；遇到括号给出动词或名词的空，先判断该空在句中的成分，结合固定搭配、词性修饰规则、主谓一致等规则完成变形，就能顺利得出答案。
【解析】
1. 此处表达“扎成一个马尾辫”，ponytail是发音以辅音音素开头的可数名词单数，表泛指要使用不定冠词，故填a。
2. 固定搭配be ready to do sth. 意为“乐意做某事、准备好做某事”，此处要填动词不定式形式，故填to help。
3. 固定搭配help sb. with sth. 意为“在某方面帮助某人”，此处表示在功课上帮助我，填介词with。
4. 句子主语something是不定代词，不定代词作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，全文为一般现在时，所以worry变形为worries。
5. 固定搭配the way to do sth. 意为“做某事的方法”，此处用不定式作后置定语修饰名词way，故填to cheer。
6. 感官系动词look后需要接形容词作表语，a little可修饰形容词原级，fun对应的形容词是funny，意为“滑稽有趣的”，表示他看起来有点好笑，故填funny。
7. 固定搭配tell jokes意为“讲笑话”，此处表泛指多个笑话，joke是可数名词，要使用复数形式jokes。
8. 固定搭配be full of意为“充满”，此处表示他总是充满精力，填介词of。
9. 此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词person，cheer对应的形容词是cheerful，意为“开朗的、快乐的”，故填cheerful。
10. 固定搭配keep doing sth. 意为“坚持做某事、一直做某事”，此处要把动词try变为动名词形式trying。
【答案】
1. a 2. to help 3. with 4. worries 5. to cheer
6. funny 7. jokes 8. of 9. cheerful 10. trying
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，冠词用法，词形转换
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础语法填空，所有考点都是课标要求掌握的核心基础内容，没有偏题怪题，只要学生平时熟记常见的固定搭配，掌握词性修饰、主谓一致的基础规则，就可以顺利完成，适合用来巩固基础语法点。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇基础类的语法填空题，解题时首先通读全文，理清文章介绍自己两位好友的整体大意，之后逐个分析空格：首先判断空格是否给提示词，没有提示词的空大多是冠词、介词这类虚词，结合语境和积累的固定短语推导即可；遇到括号给出动词或名词的空，先判断该空在句中的成分，结合固定搭配、词性修饰规则、主谓一致等规则完成变形，就能顺利得出答案。
【解析】
1. 此处表达“扎成一个马尾辫”，ponytail是发音以辅音音素开头的可数名词单数，表泛指要使用不定冠词，故填a。
2. 固定搭配be ready to do sth. 意为“乐意做某事、准备好做某事”，此处要填动词不定式形式，故填to help。
3. 固定搭配help sb. with sth. 意为“在某方面帮助某人”，此处表示在功课上帮助我，填介词with。
4. 句子主语something是不定代词，不定代词作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，全文为一般现在时，所以worry变形为worries。
5. 固定搭配the way to do sth. 意为“做某事的方法”，此处用不定式作后置定语修饰名词way，故填to cheer。
6. 感官系动词look后需要接形容词作表语，a little可修饰形容词原级，fun对应的形容词是funny，意为“滑稽有趣的”，表示他看起来有点好笑，故填funny。
7. 固定搭配tell jokes意为“讲笑话”，此处表泛指多个笑话，joke是可数名词，要使用复数形式jokes。
8. 固定搭配be full of意为“充满”，此处表示他总是充满精力，填介词of。
9. 此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词person，cheer对应的形容词是cheerful，意为“开朗的、快乐的”，故填cheerful。
10. 固定搭配keep doing sth. 意为“坚持做某事、一直做某事”，此处要把动词try变为动名词形式trying。
【答案】
1. a 2. to help 3. with 4. worries 5. to cheer
6. funny 7. jokes 8. of 9. cheerful 10. trying
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，冠词用法，词形转换
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础语法填空，所有考点都是课标要求掌握的核心基础内容，没有偏题怪题，只要学生平时熟记常见的固定搭配，掌握词性修饰、主谓一致的基础规则，就可以顺利完成，适合用来巩固基础语法点。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、热点素材 阅读理解。
You're walking down the street, thinking about your own business when a stranger passes by. He doesn't say anything at all, but he gives you a smile. In a moment and almost unwillingly, you will do the same thing. You just can't help doing so. For some unknown reason, when we see someone smile, we just can't stop ourselves doing the same thing.
In honour of World Smile Day, it's time for us to find the answer to this question—Is smiling contagious(有感染力的)?
Well, a study in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences gives the answer "yes". As part of the study, social psychologists(心理学家) look into why we often copy(模仿) people's facial expressions when we talk to them.
Interestingly, one of the conclusions(结论) is that we "try on" the emotions(感情) of others when we are talking with them. For example, when a friend tells us some good news happily, we may unconsciously(无意识地) show the same emotion through our smile. In doing so, we are feeling and understanding his or her joy.
So the reason we smile back when someone smiles at us is that we want to feel the same way as that person. However, not everyone can do this. During the research, the psychologists find people with some diseases can't copy others' facial expressions. They know someone is smiling but they cannot smile back.
(
A. The reason for smiling back.
B. An opinion on smiling back.
C. The result of smiling back.
D. An example of smiling back.
(
A. Because we want to talk with the person.
B. Because we are feeling the person's joy.
C. Because we want the person to understand us.
D. Because we want to show we are clever.
(
A. They can't feel happy when others smile at them.
B. They smile too much and can't stop.
C. They can't copy others' smiles.
D. They never smile and they are unhappy.
(
A. Why is smiling contagious?
B. What's World Smile Day?
C. Why should we smile?
D. Do you know how to smile?
You're walking down the street, thinking about your own business when a stranger passes by. He doesn't say anything at all, but he gives you a smile. In a moment and almost unwillingly, you will do the same thing. You just can't help doing so. For some unknown reason, when we see someone smile, we just can't stop ourselves doing the same thing.
In honour of World Smile Day, it's time for us to find the answer to this question—Is smiling contagious(有感染力的)?
Well, a study in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences gives the answer "yes". As part of the study, social psychologists(心理学家) look into why we often copy(模仿) people's facial expressions when we talk to them.
Interestingly, one of the conclusions(结论) is that we "try on" the emotions(感情) of others when we are talking with them. For example, when a friend tells us some good news happily, we may unconsciously(无意识地) show the same emotion through our smile. In doing so, we are feeling and understanding his or her joy.
So the reason we smile back when someone smiles at us is that we want to feel the same way as that person. However, not everyone can do this. During the research, the psychologists find people with some diseases can't copy others' facial expressions. They know someone is smiling but they cannot smile back.
(
D
)1. What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?A. The reason for smiling back.
B. An opinion on smiling back.
C. The result of smiling back.
D. An example of smiling back.
(
B
)2. Why do we smile back when we see someone else smile?A. Because we want to talk with the person.
B. Because we are feeling the person's joy.
C. Because we want the person to understand us.
D. Because we want to show we are clever.
(
C
)3. What problems do people with some diseases have?A. They can't feel happy when others smile at them.
B. They smile too much and can't stop.
C. They can't copy others' smiles.
D. They never smile and they are unhappy.
(
A
)4. Which could be the best title for this passage?A. Why is smiling contagious?
B. What's World Smile Day?
C. Why should we smile?
D. Do you know how to smile?
答案：1. D 【点拨】根据第一段内容可知，第一段通过举例说明别人微笑时我们也会回以微笑的这种行为。故选D。
2. B 【点拨】根据最后一段中的“So the reason we smile back when someone smiles at us is that we want to feel the same way as that person.”可知，我们看见别人微笑时会回以微笑是因为我们也在感受那个人的快乐。故选B。
3. C 【点拨】根据最后一段中的“During the research, the psychologists find people with some diseases can't copy others' facial expressions. They know someone is smiling but they cannot smile back.”可知，一些患有疾病的人无法回以微笑。故选C。
4. A 【点拨】短文介绍了他人对我们微笑时，我们会回以微笑的原因。故选A。
2. B 【点拨】根据最后一段中的“So the reason we smile back when someone smiles at us is that we want to feel the same way as that person.”可知，我们看见别人微笑时会回以微笑是因为我们也在感受那个人的快乐。故选B。
3. C 【点拨】根据最后一段中的“During the research, the psychologists find people with some diseases can't copy others' facial expressions. They know someone is smiling but they cannot smile back.”可知，一些患有疾病的人无法回以微笑。故选C。
4. A 【点拨】短文介绍了他人对我们微笑时，我们会回以微笑的原因。故选A。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇说明类阅读理解，解题可以按照先划题干关键词、再回文定位匹配信息的思路推进：
1. 第一题询问第一段的核心内容，通读第一段可知它描述了走在街上陌生人对你微笑，你会不自觉回笑的具体生活场景，属于引出话题的实例，比对选项即可得到答案。
2. 第二题找回以微笑的原因，带着关键词"smile back"回文定位到最后一段的原因阐释部分，直接匹配对应选项即可。
3. 第三题询问患特定疾病人群的特征，定位到最后一段关于研究特殊样本的描述，提取原文信息就能选出正确项。
4. 第四题选最佳标题，梳理全文核心：文章围绕“微笑是否有感染力”展开，解释了人们会不自觉模仿他人微笑的原理，排除偏离核心的干扰项就能得到答案。
【解析】
1. 第一段完整描述了街头偶遇陌生人微笑、你下意识回笑的具体生活实例，作用是引出“人们会不自觉模仿他人微笑”的话题，既没有解释回笑的原因、给出回笑的观点，也没有说明回笑的结果，因此选D。
2. 根据原文最后一段"So the reason we smile back when someone smiles at us is that we want to feel the same way as that person. In doing so, we are feeling and understanding his or her joy."可知，我们回以微笑本质是在感知对方的愉悦情绪，对应B选项，其余选项内容原文均无提及。
3. 根据原文最后一段"During the research, the psychologists find people with some diseases can't copy others' facial expressions. They know someone is smiling but they cannot smile back."可知，部分患病群体无法模仿他人的面部表情，没法对他人的微笑做出回笑反应，对应C选项。
4. 全文以世界微笑日作为引入，核心探讨“微笑是否具备感染力、为什么微笑有感染力”的问题，B选项的世界微笑日只是引入内容并非核心，C选项“我们为什么要微笑”、D选项“你知道怎么微笑吗”都和原文论述方向不符，因此最佳标题为A。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解主旨判断，说明文阅读
【点评】
本题结合世界微笑日的热点素材命题，整体以细节考察为主，难度适中，学生只要准确定位原文对应语句就能选出正确答案，易错点是第一题容易误选A选项，要注意第一段仅用生活实例引出话题，并没有阐述回笑的原因，相关原因是在后文的研究结论中才给出的。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇说明类阅读理解，解题可以按照先划题干关键词、再回文定位匹配信息的思路推进：
1. 第一题询问第一段的核心内容，通读第一段可知它描述了走在街上陌生人对你微笑，你会不自觉回笑的具体生活场景，属于引出话题的实例，比对选项即可得到答案。
2. 第二题找回以微笑的原因，带着关键词"smile back"回文定位到最后一段的原因阐释部分，直接匹配对应选项即可。
3. 第三题询问患特定疾病人群的特征，定位到最后一段关于研究特殊样本的描述，提取原文信息就能选出正确项。
4. 第四题选最佳标题，梳理全文核心：文章围绕“微笑是否有感染力”展开，解释了人们会不自觉模仿他人微笑的原理，排除偏离核心的干扰项就能得到答案。
【解析】
1. 第一段完整描述了街头偶遇陌生人微笑、你下意识回笑的具体生活实例，作用是引出“人们会不自觉模仿他人微笑”的话题，既没有解释回笑的原因、给出回笑的观点，也没有说明回笑的结果，因此选D。
2. 根据原文最后一段"So the reason we smile back when someone smiles at us is that we want to feel the same way as that person. In doing so, we are feeling and understanding his or her joy."可知，我们回以微笑本质是在感知对方的愉悦情绪，对应B选项，其余选项内容原文均无提及。
3. 根据原文最后一段"During the research, the psychologists find people with some diseases can't copy others' facial expressions. They know someone is smiling but they cannot smile back."可知，部分患病群体无法模仿他人的面部表情，没法对他人的微笑做出回笑反应，对应C选项。
4. 全文以世界微笑日作为引入，核心探讨“微笑是否具备感染力、为什么微笑有感染力”的问题，B选项的世界微笑日只是引入内容并非核心，C选项“我们为什么要微笑”、D选项“你知道怎么微笑吗”都和原文论述方向不符，因此最佳标题为A。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解主旨判断，说明文阅读
【点评】
本题结合世界微笑日的热点素材命题，整体以细节考察为主，难度适中，学生只要准确定位原文对应语句就能选出正确答案，易错点是第一题容易误选A选项，要注意第一段仅用生活实例引出话题，并没有阐述回笑的原因，相关原因是在后文的研究结论中才给出的。
【难度系数】
0.7