五、阅读理解。
There are many dolphins living in the sea near Qinzhou. Because of the dolphins, the small city becomes famous. Do you want to know more about dolphins?
Scientists agree that dolphins are very smart animals. They communicate well and learn quickly and effortlessly(轻松地). Dolphins live in all the oceans of the world but are found most often in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They make their home in water but have to come to the surface to breathe. They have a slender body. There is a hole in the top of their head which is used for breathing. As we all know, they are often shown on TV as blue, but they're actually more of a grey colour with a white belly(腹部). They can be of different weights, from almost 50 kilograms to 6,000 kilograms! They eat a lot of fish and squid(鱿鱼) each day! They are very fast and powerful swimmers. They communicate and find their way around in the water, using clicking sounds and whistles.
（
A. the Atlantic Ocean
B. the Pacific Ocean
C. all the oceans of the world
D. A & B
（
A. blue
B. grey
C. grey and white
D. blue and white
（
A. salt water
B. fresh water
C. fish
D. fish and squid
There are many dolphins living in the sea near Qinzhou. Because of the dolphins, the small city becomes famous. Do you want to know more about dolphins?
Scientists agree that dolphins are very smart animals. They communicate well and learn quickly and effortlessly(轻松地). Dolphins live in all the oceans of the world but are found most often in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They make their home in water but have to come to the surface to breathe. They have a slender body. There is a hole in the top of their head which is used for breathing. As we all know, they are often shown on TV as blue, but they're actually more of a grey colour with a white belly(腹部). They can be of different weights, from almost 50 kilograms to 6,000 kilograms! They eat a lot of fish and squid(鱿鱼) each day! They are very fast and powerful swimmers. They communicate and find their way around in the water, using clicking sounds and whistles.
（
D
）1. Dolphins are found most often in D
.A. the Atlantic Ocean
B. the Pacific Ocean
C. all the oceans of the world
D. A & B
（
C
）2. The colour of dolphins is actually C
.A. blue
B. grey
C. grey and white
D. blue and white
（
D
）3. Dolphins mainly live on D
.A. salt water
B. fresh water
C. fish
D. fish and squid
答案：五、1. D 【点拨】根据第二段第三句可知选D。
2. C 【点拨】根据“but they're actually more of a grey colour with a white belly(腹部)”可知，海豚是灰色和白色的。故选C。
3. D 【点拨】根据“They eat a lot of fish and squid(鱿鱼) each day!”可知，海豚主要以鱼和鱿鱼为食。故选D。
2. C 【点拨】根据“but they're actually more of a grey colour with a white belly(腹部)”可知，海豚是灰色和白色的。故选C。
3. D 【点拨】根据“They eat a lot of fish and squid(鱿鱼) each day!”可知，海豚主要以鱼和鱿鱼为食。故选D。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍海豚基本特征的说明类阅读理解，全部为细节理解题型，解题思路非常清晰：首先我们可以先划出每道题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回到原文段落中定位对应的原文语句，再将原文内容和各个选项逐一比对，排除不符合原文描述的干扰项，就能选出正确答案。比如第一题抓关键词"found most often"，第二题抓关键词"colour actually"，第三题抓关键词"live on"，都能快速在原文找到对应依据。
【解析】
1. 回到原文第二段第三句找到对应描述：“Dolphins live in all the oceans of the world but are found most often in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.”，说明海豚最常被发现的海域是大西洋和太平洋，A、B两个选项的内容都符合原文表述，因此选D。
2. 回到原文找到对应描述：“As we all know, they are often shown on TV as blue, but they're actually more of a grey colour with a white belly(腹部).”，可知海豚实际的体色是主体灰色、腹部为白色，也就是灰和白，排除A（蓝色是电视展示的效果并非实际颜色）、B（仅提到灰色不完整）、D（蓝白不符合原文），最终选C。
3. 题干中短语"live on"的含义是“以……为食”，回到原文找到对应描述：“They eat a lot of fish and squid(鱿鱼) each day!”，可知海豚的主要食物是鱼和鱿鱼，因此选D。
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，说明文信息提取，短语词义理解
【点评】
本题属于非常基础的说明类阅读题，所有题目的答案都能在原文中直接找到对应依据，没有设置过难的推理类考点，学生只要养成带着题干关键词回文定位的做题习惯，仔细比对选项和原文的细节差异，就可以轻松避开以偏概全、混淆概念的小干扰项，拿到满分。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍海豚基本特征的说明类阅读理解，全部为细节理解题型，解题思路非常清晰：首先我们可以先划出每道题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回到原文段落中定位对应的原文语句，再将原文内容和各个选项逐一比对，排除不符合原文描述的干扰项，就能选出正确答案。比如第一题抓关键词"found most often"，第二题抓关键词"colour actually"，第三题抓关键词"live on"，都能快速在原文找到对应依据。
【解析】
1. 回到原文第二段第三句找到对应描述：“Dolphins live in all the oceans of the world but are found most often in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.”，说明海豚最常被发现的海域是大西洋和太平洋，A、B两个选项的内容都符合原文表述，因此选D。
2. 回到原文找到对应描述：“As we all know, they are often shown on TV as blue, but they're actually more of a grey colour with a white belly(腹部).”，可知海豚实际的体色是主体灰色、腹部为白色，也就是灰和白，排除A（蓝色是电视展示的效果并非实际颜色）、B（仅提到灰色不完整）、D（蓝白不符合原文），最终选C。
3. 题干中短语"live on"的含义是“以……为食”，回到原文找到对应描述：“They eat a lot of fish and squid(鱿鱼) each day!”，可知海豚的主要食物是鱼和鱿鱼，因此选D。
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，说明文信息提取，短语词义理解
【点评】
本题属于非常基础的说明类阅读题，所有题目的答案都能在原文中直接找到对应依据，没有设置过难的推理类考点，学生只要养成带着题干关键词回文定位的做题习惯，仔细比对选项和原文的细节差异，就可以轻松避开以偏概全、混淆概念的小干扰项，拿到满分。
【难度系数】
0.8