8.已知$\frac{x}{6}=\frac{y}{4}=\frac{z}{3}(x,y,z均不为零)$,则$\frac{x+3y}{3y-2z}=$
3
。答案:8.3
9. 已知$\frac{x}{y}=\frac{1}{3}$,则$\frac{x+3y}{2x}=$
5
,$\frac{x^2+4xy-y^2}{x^2+y^2}=$$\frac{2}{5}$
。答案:9.5 $\frac{2}{5}$
10.约分:(1)$\frac{3x^2 +12x}{x^2 -16}=$
$\frac{3x}{x-4}$
;(2)$\frac{4y^2 -x^2}{-x^2 +4xy -4y^2}=$ $\frac{x+2y}{x-2y}$
.答案:10.(1)$\frac{3x}{x-4}$ (2)$\frac{x+2y}{x-2y}$
11.通分:
(1)$\frac{1}{x-1},\frac{1}{x^2-1},\frac{1}{x^2+x};$
(2)$\frac{x}{x-y},\frac{y}{x^2+$
$xy+y^2},\frac{2}{y^2-x^2}.$
(1)$\frac{1}{x-1},\frac{1}{x^2-1},\frac{1}{x^2+x};$
(2)$\frac{x}{x-y},\frac{y}{x^2+$
答案:11.解:(1)$\frac{1}{x-1}=\frac{x(x+1)}{x(x+1)(x-1)},\frac{1}{x^2-1}=\frac{x}{x(x+1)(x-1)}$,
$\frac{1}{x^2+x}=\frac{x-1}{x(x+1)(x-1)}$.
(2)$\frac{x}{x-y}=\frac{x(x+y)^2}{(x-y)(x+y)^2}$,
$\frac{y}{x^2+2xy+y^2}=\frac{y(x-y)}{(x-y)(x+y)^2}$,
$\frac{2}{y^2-x^2}=-\frac{2(x+y)}{(x-y)(x+y)^2}$.
$\frac{1}{x^2+x}=\frac{x-1}{x(x+1)(x-1)}$.
(2)$\frac{x}{x-y}=\frac{x(x+y)^2}{(x-y)(x+y)^2}$,
$\frac{y}{x^2+2xy+y^2}=\frac{y(x-y)}{(x-y)(x+y)^2}$,
$\frac{2}{y^2-x^2}=-\frac{2(x+y)}{(x-y)(x+y)^2}$.
12.(2025·房山区二模)已知$2m+n-3=0$,求代数式$\frac{4m^2 +4mn +n^2}{4m +2n}$的值.
答案:12.解:$\because 2m+n-3=0,\therefore 2m+n=3$,
$\therefore$原式$=\frac{(2m+n)^2}{2(2m+n)}=\frac{2m+n}{2}=\frac{3}{2}$.
$\therefore$原式$=\frac{(2m+n)^2}{2(2m+n)}=\frac{2m+n}{2}=\frac{3}{2}$.
13.(2025·北京)已知$a+b-3=0$,求代数式$\frac{4(a-b)+8b}{a^2+2ab+b^2}$的值。
答案:13.解:$\because a+b-3=0,\therefore a+b=3$,
$\therefore$原式$=\frac{4a-4b+8b}{(a+b)^2}=\frac{4(a+b)}{(a+b)^2}=\frac{4}{a+b}=\frac{4}{3}$.
$\therefore$原式$=\frac{4a-4b+8b}{(a+b)^2}=\frac{4(a+b)}{(a+b)^2}=\frac{4}{a+b}=\frac{4}{3}$.
14.(2025·仪征期中)给出定义:若一个分式约分后分子是一个常数,分母是一个一次整式,则称这个分式为“好看分式”.例如,$\frac{2x+4}{x^2-4}=\frac{2(x+2)}{(x+2)(x-2)}=\frac{2}{x-2}$,则$\frac{2x+4}{x^2-4}$是“好看分式”.根据上述定义,解决下列问题:
(1)分式$\frac{x+1}{x^2-1}$,$\frac{x+1}{x^2+1}$,其中是“好看分式”的是
(2)①若分式$\frac{x+m}{2x^2+4x}$($m$为常数且$m≠0$)是一个“好看分式”,求$m$的值;
②若分式$\frac{x-1}{x^2+mx+2}$($m$为常数且$m≠0$)是一个“好看分式”,求$m$的值.
(3)若分式$\frac{x+m}{x^2+4x+n}$($m,n$为常数且$mn≠0$)是一个“好看分式”,且$m,n$都是正整数,直接写出$m$的所有可能值.
(1)分式$\frac{x+1}{x^2-1}$,$\frac{x+1}{x^2+1}$,其中是“好看分式”的是
$\frac{x+1}{x^2-1}$
.(2)①若分式$\frac{x+m}{2x^2+4x}$($m$为常数且$m≠0$)是一个“好看分式”,求$m$的值;
②若分式$\frac{x-1}{x^2+mx+2}$($m$为常数且$m≠0$)是一个“好看分式”,求$m$的值.
(3)若分式$\frac{x+m}{x^2+4x+n}$($m,n$为常数且$mn≠0$)是一个“好看分式”,且$m,n$都是正整数,直接写出$m$的所有可能值.
答案:14.(1)$\frac{x+1}{x^2-1}$
(2)解:①$\because 2x^2+4x=2x(x+2)$,且$\frac{x+m}{2x^2+4x}$是一个“好看分式”,$\therefore x+m=x+2$或$x+m=x$,解得$m=2$或$m=0$,$\because m≠0$,$\therefore m=2$.
②由题意,设$x^2+mx+2=(x-1)(x+k)$,
$\therefore -k=2$,即$k=-2$,
$\therefore x^2+mx+2=(x-1)(x-2)$,$\therefore m=-3$.
(3)解:设$x^2+4x+n=(x+a)(x+b)$,$a,b$都是正整数,则$a+b=4$,$ab=n$.
$\because \frac{x+m}{x^2+4x+n}$是一个“好看分式”,
$\therefore x+m=x+a$或$x+m=x+b$,$\therefore m=a$或$m=b$.
若$m=a$,此时分式化简为$\frac{1}{x+b}$.
$\because a+b=4$,$a,b$均为正整数,
$\therefore a=1$,$b=3$或$a=2$,$b=2$或$a=3$,$b=1$,
$\therefore m$的可能值为$1,2,3$.
若$m=b$,同理得$m$的可能值为$1,2,3$.
综上,$m$的所有可能值为$1,2,3$.
(2)解:①$\because 2x^2+4x=2x(x+2)$,且$\frac{x+m}{2x^2+4x}$是一个“好看分式”,$\therefore x+m=x+2$或$x+m=x$,解得$m=2$或$m=0$,$\because m≠0$,$\therefore m=2$.
②由题意,设$x^2+mx+2=(x-1)(x+k)$,
$\therefore -k=2$,即$k=-2$,
$\therefore x^2+mx+2=(x-1)(x-2)$,$\therefore m=-3$.
(3)解:设$x^2+4x+n=(x+a)(x+b)$,$a,b$都是正整数,则$a+b=4$,$ab=n$.
$\because \frac{x+m}{x^2+4x+n}$是一个“好看分式”,
$\therefore x+m=x+a$或$x+m=x+b$,$\therefore m=a$或$m=b$.
若$m=a$,此时分式化简为$\frac{1}{x+b}$.
$\because a+b=4$,$a,b$均为正整数,
$\therefore a=1$,$b=3$或$a=2$,$b=2$或$a=3$,$b=1$,
$\therefore m$的可能值为$1,2,3$.
若$m=b$,同理得$m$的可能值为$1,2,3$.
综上,$m$的所有可能值为$1,2,3$.