1. 计算:
(1) $1 - 4 + 3 - 0.5$;
$=1+3-4-0.5$
$=4-4-0.5$
$=-0.5$;
(2) $-2.4 + 3.5 - 4.6 + 3.5$;
$=-2.4-4.6+(3.5+3.5)$
$=-7+7$
$=0$;
(3) $(-7) - (+5) + (-4) - (-10)$;
$(-7) - (+5) + (-4) - (-10)$
$=-7-5-4+10$
$=-6$;
(4) $\frac{3}{4} - \frac{7}{2} + (-\frac{1}{6}) - (-\frac{2}{3}) - 1$.
(4) $\frac{3}{4} - \frac{7}{2} + (-\frac{1}{6}) - (-\frac{2}{3}) - 1$
$=\frac{3}{4} - \frac{7}{2} - \frac{1}{6} + \frac{2}{3} - 1$
$=-3\frac{1}{4}$.
(1) $1 - 4 + 3 - 0.5$;
$=1+3-4-0.5$
$=4-4-0.5$
$=-0.5$;
(2) $-2.4 + 3.5 - 4.6 + 3.5$;
$=-2.4-4.6+(3.5+3.5)$
$=-7+7$
$=0$;
(3) $(-7) - (+5) + (-4) - (-10)$;
$(-7) - (+5) + (-4) - (-10)$
$=-7-5-4+10$
$=-6$;
(4) $\frac{3}{4} - \frac{7}{2} + (-\frac{1}{6}) - (-\frac{2}{3}) - 1$.
(4) $\frac{3}{4} - \frac{7}{2} + (-\frac{1}{6}) - (-\frac{2}{3}) - 1$
$=\frac{3}{4} - \frac{7}{2} - \frac{1}{6} + \frac{2}{3} - 1$
$=-3\frac{1}{4}$.
答案:
2. 将下列式子先改写成省略括号和加号的形式,再计算:
(1) $(-52)-(+37)+(-19)-(-24)$;
解:(1) $(-52)-(+37)+(-19)-(-24)$
$=-52-37-19+24$
$=-84$;
(2) $(+2\dfrac{3}{4})-(-\dfrac{1}{2})-(-3\dfrac{3}{4})-(+5\dfrac{1}{2})$.
(2) $(+2\dfrac{3}{4})-(-\dfrac{1}{2})-(-3\dfrac{3}{4})-(+5\dfrac{1}{2})$
$=2\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+3\dfrac{3}{4}-5\dfrac{1}{2}$
$=2\dfrac{3}{4}+3\dfrac{3}{4}+(\dfrac{1}{2}-5\dfrac{1}{2})$
$=6\dfrac{1}{2}-5$
$=1\dfrac{1}{2}$
(1) $(-52)-(+37)+(-19)-(-24)$;
解:(1) $(-52)-(+37)+(-19)-(-24)$
$=-52-37-19+24$
$=-84$;
(2) $(+2\dfrac{3}{4})-(-\dfrac{1}{2})-(-3\dfrac{3}{4})-(+5\dfrac{1}{2})$.
(2) $(+2\dfrac{3}{4})-(-\dfrac{1}{2})-(-3\dfrac{3}{4})-(+5\dfrac{1}{2})$
$=2\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+3\dfrac{3}{4}-5\dfrac{1}{2}$
$=2\dfrac{3}{4}+3\dfrac{3}{4}+(\dfrac{1}{2}-5\dfrac{1}{2})$
$=6\dfrac{1}{2}-5$
$=1\dfrac{1}{2}$
答案:
1. 计算:$\longrightarrow$的和;异号两数相加,和取绝对值较大的加数的符号,且和的绝对值等于加数的绝对值中较大者与较小者的差.
(1) $(-10)+(+6)$;
(2) $(+12)+(-4)$;
(3) $(-5)+(-7)$;
(4) $(+6.2)+(-9.3)$;
(5) $(-0.9)+(-2.7)$;
(6) $(-2.1)+(+3.9)$;
(7) $\dfrac{2}{5}+(-\dfrac{3}{5})$;
(8) $(-\dfrac{1}{3})+\dfrac{2}{5}$;
(9) $(-3\dfrac{1}{4})+(-1\dfrac{1}{12})$.
(1) $(-10)+(+6)$;
(2) $(+12)+(-4)$;
(3) $(-5)+(-7)$;
(4) $(+6.2)+(-9.3)$;
(5) $(-0.9)+(-2.7)$;
(6) $(-2.1)+(+3.9)$;
(7) $\dfrac{2}{5}+(-\dfrac{3}{5})$;
(8) $(-\dfrac{1}{3})+\dfrac{2}{5}$;
(9) $(-3\dfrac{1}{4})+(-1\dfrac{1}{12})$.
答案:
2. 计算:
可以通过加法交换律或结合律,将符号相同的数、互为相反数的数或同分母分数放在一起,使计算更简便.
(1) $(-8)+10+2+(-1)$;
(2) $5+(-6)+3+9+(-4)+(-7)$;
(3) $(-0.8)+1.2+(-0.7)+(-2.1)+0.8+3.5$;
(4) $\frac{1}{2}+(-\frac{2}{3})+\frac{4}{5}+(-\frac{1}{2})+(-\frac{1}{3})$.
可以通过加法交换律或结合律,将符号相同的数、互为相反数的数或同分母分数放在一起,使计算更简便.
(1) $(-8)+10+2+(-1)$;
(2) $5+(-6)+3+9+(-4)+(-7)$;
(3) $(-0.8)+1.2+(-0.7)+(-2.1)+0.8+3.5$;
(4) $\frac{1}{2}+(-\frac{2}{3})+\frac{4}{5}+(-\frac{1}{2})+(-\frac{1}{3})$.
答案:
3. 计算:$\longrightarrow$ 根据“减去一个数,等于加这个数的相反数”以及有理数的加法法则进行计算.
(1) $(-8)-8$;
(2) $(-8)-(-8)$;
(3) $8-(-8)$;
(4) $8-8$;
(5) $0-6$;
(6) $0-(-6)$;
(7) $16-47$;
(8) $(-3.8)-(+7)$;
(9) $(-5.9)-(-6.1)$.
(1) $(-8)-8$;
(2) $(-8)-(-8)$;
(3) $8-(-8)$;
(4) $8-8$;
(5) $0-6$;
(6) $0-(-6)$;
(7) $16-47$;
(8) $(-3.8)-(+7)$;
(9) $(-5.9)-(-6.1)$.
答案: