四、根据中文意思完成句子
1. 练习书法需要专注和耐心。
Practising calligraphy
2. 每一种书写形式都有它自己的特点和美。
Each of the writing styles
3. 当她在台上演讲时，她的父母自豪地看着。
Her parents watched
4. 有些学生在这次考试前有很大压力。
Some students were
5. 直到铃响了他才出现在门口。
He
1. 练习书法需要专注和耐心。
Practising calligraphy
requires attention/focus and patience
2. 每一种书写形式都有它自己的特点和美。
Each of the writing styles
has its own character(s) and beauty
3. 当她在台上演讲时，她的父母自豪地看着。
Her parents watched
(her) with pride/proudly
as shemade a speech
on stage.4. 有些学生在这次考试前有很大压力。
Some students were
under great pressure
before this exam.5. 直到铃响了他才出现在门口。
He
didn’t appear in the doorway
until the bell rang.答案：1. requires attention/focus and patience
2. has its own character(s) and beauty
3. (her) with pride/proudly; made a speech
4. under great pressure
5. didn’t appear in the doorway
2. has its own character(s) and beauty
3. (her) with pride/proudly; made a speech
4. under great pressure
5. didn’t appear in the doorway
解析：
【分析】本题为根据中文意思完成句子的题型，主要考查英语的固定短语、主谓一致及时态的运用。解题时需结合中文语义匹配对应的英语表达，同时注意：①动名词、“each of+复数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数；②固定搭配的正确使用（如be under pressure、not...until等）；③根据语境判断时态（如描述过去的动作用一般过去时）。
【解析】
1. 动名词短语Practising calligraphy作主语，谓语动词用单数，“需要”对应requires，“专注和耐心”对应attention/focus and patience，故填requires attention/focus and patience。
2. Each of the writing styles作主语，谓语动词用单数，“有”对应has，“它自己的特点和美”对应its own character(s) and beauty，故填has its own character(s) and beauty。
3. “自豪地（看着）”对应with pride/proudly，“在台上演讲”是make a speech，结合语境用一般过去时made a speech，故填(her) with pride/proudly; made a speech。
4. “有很大压力”是固定短语be under great pressure，故填under great pressure。
5. “直到...才...”用not...until结构，“出现在门口”对应appear in the doorway，结合rang用一般过去时，故填didn’t appear in the doorway。
【答案】1. requires attention/focus and patience 2. has its own character(s) and beauty 3. (her) with pride/proudly; made a speech 4. under great pressure 5. didn’t appear in the doorway
【知识点】固定短语、主谓一致、一般过去时
【点评】本题考查英语基础表达，涉及核心固定搭配、主谓一致规则及时态运用，是英语学习的基础内容，难度适中，适合巩固基础知识。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】
1. 动名词短语Practising calligraphy作主语，谓语动词用单数，“需要”对应requires，“专注和耐心”对应attention/focus and patience，故填requires attention/focus and patience。
2. Each of the writing styles作主语，谓语动词用单数，“有”对应has，“它自己的特点和美”对应its own character(s) and beauty，故填has its own character(s) and beauty。
3. “自豪地（看着）”对应with pride/proudly，“在台上演讲”是make a speech，结合语境用一般过去时made a speech，故填(her) with pride/proudly; made a speech。
4. “有很大压力”是固定短语be under great pressure，故填under great pressure。
5. “直到...才...”用not...until结构，“出现在门口”对应appear in the doorway，结合rang用一般过去时，故填didn’t appear in the doorway。
【答案】1. requires attention/focus and patience 2. has its own character(s) and beauty 3. (her) with pride/proudly; made a speech 4. under great pressure 5. didn’t appear in the doorway
【知识点】固定短语、主谓一致、一般过去时
【点评】本题考查英语基础表达，涉及核心固定搭配、主谓一致规则及时态运用，是英语学习的基础内容，难度适中，适合巩固基础知识。
【难度系数】0.6
一、阅读理解
The “four treasures of the study” refer to the four important writing tools for ancient Chinese people: the brush, ink, paper and inkstone. They are a key part of traditional Chinese culture.
Brush With a long history, the Chinese brush is mainly made up of two parts—a handle and the hairs, which form a tip. The hairs are traditionally taken from different animals, such as weasels (黄鼠狼), goats or rabbits. The brush can create strokes of different thicknesses and thus different artistic effects. That makes it a core tool for Chinese calligraphy and painting.
Ink Ink has a very important place in Chinese culture. Traditional Chinese ink is made from pine soot (煤烟) mixed with glue, sometimes with spices added. It is usually in the form of inksticks. When people use an inkstick, they grind (磨) it on an inkstone. During the process, some fine inksticks give off a pleasant smell, adding more elegance (雅致) to the act of writing.
Paper The history of Chinese paper is also very long. One of the earliest and most famous examples is “Cai Hou paper”, made by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The texture (质地) and weight of paper decide how it’s used, especially for calligraphy and painting. In other words, the quality of paper has a great influence on the success of artistic creation.
Inkstone The inkstone is used for grinding inksticks into ink. Traditionally made from stones (such as Duan inkstones or She inkstones), inkstones come in different shapes and sizes. They have both practical (实用的) and artistic values. The quality of an inkstone affects how thick and dark the ink can be, so it’s also a key tool for calligraphy and painting.
The four treasures of the study represent the lifestyle and artistic dreams of ancient Chinese people. They not only play an important role in calligraphy and painting, but also carry deep cultural meanings. To this day, they still stand for the historical heritage and aesthetic (美学的) ideas of Chinese culture.
(
A. It has a history in China.
B. It is made of expensive materials.
C. It is not big and very easy to carry.
D. It can create strokes of different thicknesses.
(
① glue ② animal hairs ③ pine soot ④ spices ⑤ stone
A. ①③④ B. ②③⑤ C. ③④⑤ D. ①②④
(
A. To add good smells to the ink. B. To grind an inkstick into ink.
C. To help make the paper flat. D. To help with writing like a ruler.
(
A. The daily writing tools of ancient farmers.
B. The scientific achievements of ancient China.
C. The trade products of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
D. The historical heritage and aesthetic ideas of Chinese culture.
The “four treasures of the study” refer to the four important writing tools for ancient Chinese people: the brush, ink, paper and inkstone. They are a key part of traditional Chinese culture.
Brush With a long history, the Chinese brush is mainly made up of two parts—a handle and the hairs, which form a tip. The hairs are traditionally taken from different animals, such as weasels (黄鼠狼), goats or rabbits. The brush can create strokes of different thicknesses and thus different artistic effects. That makes it a core tool for Chinese calligraphy and painting.
Ink Ink has a very important place in Chinese culture. Traditional Chinese ink is made from pine soot (煤烟) mixed with glue, sometimes with spices added. It is usually in the form of inksticks. When people use an inkstick, they grind (磨) it on an inkstone. During the process, some fine inksticks give off a pleasant smell, adding more elegance (雅致) to the act of writing.
Paper The history of Chinese paper is also very long. One of the earliest and most famous examples is “Cai Hou paper”, made by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The texture (质地) and weight of paper decide how it’s used, especially for calligraphy and painting. In other words, the quality of paper has a great influence on the success of artistic creation.
Inkstone The inkstone is used for grinding inksticks into ink. Traditionally made from stones (such as Duan inkstones or She inkstones), inkstones come in different shapes and sizes. They have both practical (实用的) and artistic values. The quality of an inkstone affects how thick and dark the ink can be, so it’s also a key tool for calligraphy and painting.
The four treasures of the study represent the lifestyle and artistic dreams of ancient Chinese people. They not only play an important role in calligraphy and painting, but also carry deep cultural meanings. To this day, they still stand for the historical heritage and aesthetic (美学的) ideas of Chinese culture.
(
D
) 1. Why is the Chinese brush fit for calligraphy and painting?A. It has a history in China.
B. It is made of expensive materials.
C. It is not big and very easy to carry.
D. It can create strokes of different thicknesses.
(
A
) 2. What is traditional Chinese ink made from?① glue ② animal hairs ③ pine soot ④ spices ⑤ stone
A. ①③④ B. ②③⑤ C. ③④⑤ D. ①②④
(
B
) 3. What is the use of an inkstone?A. To add good smells to the ink. B. To grind an inkstick into ink.
C. To help make the paper flat. D. To help with writing like a ruler.
(
D
) 4. What do the four treasures of the study represent?A. The daily writing tools of ancient farmers.
B. The scientific achievements of ancient China.
C. The trade products of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
D. The historical heritage and aesthetic ideas of Chinese culture.
答案：1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D
解析：
【分析】
做这类阅读理解细节题，需先明确题干关键词，再回到原文对应段落定位相关语句，最后将选项与原文内容比对，选出匹配的答案。比如第1题关键词是“Chinese brush, fit for calligraphy and painting”，定位到Brush段落；第2题关键词“traditional Chinese ink made from”定位到Ink段落；第3题关键词“inkstone use”定位到Inkstone段落；第4题关键词“four treasures represent”定位到最后一段，逐一比对即可得出正确选项。
【解析】
1. 根据Brush部分的描述“The brush can create strokes of different thicknesses and thus different artistic effects. That makes it a core tool for Chinese calligraphy and painting.”可知，毛笔能画出不同粗细的笔触，因此适合书画，对应选项D。
2. 根据Ink部分的描述“Traditional Chinese ink is made from pine soot mixed with glue, sometimes with spices added.”可知，传统墨的成分包含胶（①）、松烟（③）、香料（④），对应选项A。
3. 根据Inkstone部分的描述“The inkstone is used for grinding inksticks into ink.”可知，砚台的用途是磨墨，对应选项B。
4. 根据最后一段的描述“they still stand for the historical heritage and aesthetic ideas of Chinese culture.”可知，文房四宝代表中国文化的历史遗产和美学思想，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、中国传统文化常识
【点评】
本文围绕中国文房四宝展开，题型均为细节理解题，难度较低，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，只要仔细阅读原文对应内容即可轻松作答。
【难度系数】
0.8
做这类阅读理解细节题，需先明确题干关键词，再回到原文对应段落定位相关语句，最后将选项与原文内容比对，选出匹配的答案。比如第1题关键词是“Chinese brush, fit for calligraphy and painting”，定位到Brush段落；第2题关键词“traditional Chinese ink made from”定位到Ink段落；第3题关键词“inkstone use”定位到Inkstone段落；第4题关键词“four treasures represent”定位到最后一段，逐一比对即可得出正确选项。
【解析】
1. 根据Brush部分的描述“The brush can create strokes of different thicknesses and thus different artistic effects. That makes it a core tool for Chinese calligraphy and painting.”可知，毛笔能画出不同粗细的笔触，因此适合书画，对应选项D。
2. 根据Ink部分的描述“Traditional Chinese ink is made from pine soot mixed with glue, sometimes with spices added.”可知，传统墨的成分包含胶（①）、松烟（③）、香料（④），对应选项A。
3. 根据Inkstone部分的描述“The inkstone is used for grinding inksticks into ink.”可知，砚台的用途是磨墨，对应选项B。
4. 根据最后一段的描述“they still stand for the historical heritage and aesthetic ideas of Chinese culture.”可知，文房四宝代表中国文化的历史遗产和美学思想，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、中国传统文化常识
【点评】
本文围绕中国文房四宝展开，题型均为细节理解题，难度较低，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，只要仔细阅读原文对应内容即可轻松作答。
【难度系数】
0.8