三、阅读理解（16分）
A
How Bloody a Scene!
Blood Falls in Antarctica is a waterfall which pours blood-red water into a river. The sight is a perfect background for a horror（恐怖）film: full of mysteries（神秘）and of course bloody. Its special colour was long believed to be caused by red algae（红藻）. Until 2017, the true cause of the so-called blood was proved to be oxidized iron（被氧化的铁）in saltwater.
Amazing yet a dangerous sight, frozen bubbles can be seen in winter at Abraham Lake in Canada. When there is too much methane（甲烷）gas underwater and it is frozen, it will finally form this special sight—frozen bubbles. Such plenty of methane has a high risk. So even a lit match can cause an explosion（爆炸）.
Mirror（镜子）of the Sky
During the new moon and full moon times, tourists can see a clear reflection（反射）of the sky in the waters of Sasaran Beach in Malaysia. The smooth sand and lowest water level（水位）create such an unbelievable sight. Also known as the “Mirror of the Sky”, this water beach is an amazing place to take pictures.
（
A. PEOPLE. B. BIOLOGY. C. TRADITION. D. NATURE.
（
A. How Beautiful a Lake! B. Too Dangerous to Visit!
C. Special Frozen Bubbles! D. Here Come Explosions!
（
A. They can be seen only by the sea. B. They introduce places fit for visiting.
C. They are all very dangerous. D. They show causes of the special sights.
A
How Bloody a Scene!
Blood Falls in Antarctica is a waterfall which pours blood-red water into a river. The sight is a perfect background for a horror（恐怖）film: full of mysteries（神秘）and of course bloody. Its special colour was long believed to be caused by red algae（红藻）. Until 2017, the true cause of the so-called blood was proved to be oxidized iron（被氧化的铁）in saltwater.
Amazing yet a dangerous sight, frozen bubbles can be seen in winter at Abraham Lake in Canada. When there is too much methane（甲烷）gas underwater and it is frozen, it will finally form this special sight—frozen bubbles. Such plenty of methane has a high risk. So even a lit match can cause an explosion（爆炸）.
Mirror（镜子）of the Sky
During the new moon and full moon times, tourists can see a clear reflection（反射）of the sky in the waters of Sasaran Beach in Malaysia. The smooth sand and lowest water level（水位）create such an unbelievable sight. Also known as the “Mirror of the Sky”, this water beach is an amazing place to take pictures.
（
D
）1. In which part of the newspaper can we read the news?A. PEOPLE. B. BIOLOGY. C. TRADITION. D. NATURE.
（
C
）2. The best title for the second news would be “”.A. How Beautiful a Lake! B. Too Dangerous to Visit!
C. Special Frozen Bubbles! D. Here Come Explosions!
（
D
）3. What do the three pieces of news above have in common（共同地）?A. They can be seen only by the sea. B. They introduce places fit for visiting.
C. They are all very dangerous. D. They show causes of the special sights.
答案：1. D
2. C
3. D
2. C
3. D
解析：
【分析】首先通读全文，明确三篇短文分别介绍南极血瀑布、加拿大亚伯拉罕湖冻气泡、马来西亚萨萨兰海滩天空之镜三种自然奇观。针对各题目，需结合文章内容逐一分析：第1题判断报纸板块，需依据内容属性；第2题选第二段新闻的标题，需把握第二段核心内容；第3题找共同点，需逐一核对选项与原文是否相符。
【解析】1. 三篇短文均围绕自然现象展开，属于自然类内容，因此应在报纸的Nature（自然）板块，故选D。2. 第二段主要介绍加拿大亚伯拉罕湖的特殊冻气泡，A选项“多美丽的湖”未突出核心，B选项“太危险不能参观”与原文“有爆炸风险但并非不能参观”不符，C选项“特殊冻气泡”贴合核心，D选项“爆炸来了”偏离主题，故选C。3. A选项“仅海边可见”与第一段瀑布、第二段湖不符；B选项“适合参观的地方”与第二段存在危险不符；C选项“都危险”与第三段无危险不符；D选项“展示特殊景象的原因”对应第一段氧化的铁、第二段甲烷、第三段反射的原因，均符合，故选D。
【答案】1.D 2.C 3.D
【知识点】阅读理解（自然类）、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题为自然类阅读理解题，题目设置侧重考查学生对文章细节和主旨的把握，内容贴近自然常识，难度适中，学生通过仔细阅读原文即可完成解答。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】1. 三篇短文均围绕自然现象展开，属于自然类内容，因此应在报纸的Nature（自然）板块，故选D。2. 第二段主要介绍加拿大亚伯拉罕湖的特殊冻气泡，A选项“多美丽的湖”未突出核心，B选项“太危险不能参观”与原文“有爆炸风险但并非不能参观”不符，C选项“特殊冻气泡”贴合核心，D选项“爆炸来了”偏离主题，故选C。3. A选项“仅海边可见”与第一段瀑布、第二段湖不符；B选项“适合参观的地方”与第二段存在危险不符；C选项“都危险”与第三段无危险不符；D选项“展示特殊景象的原因”对应第一段氧化的铁、第二段甲烷、第三段反射的原因，均符合，故选D。
【答案】1.D 2.C 3.D
【知识点】阅读理解（自然类）、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题为自然类阅读理解题，题目设置侧重考查学生对文章细节和主旨的把握，内容贴近自然常识，难度适中，学生通过仔细阅读原文即可完成解答。
【难度系数】0.7
Wetlands play an important role in the ecosystem. However, about 35 per cent of the wetlands have been lost in the past 50 years, said the UN. Hoping to protect the wetlands, Cui Luoyao and Lyu Haoyan, two 14-year-old girls from Beijing created a mudskipper（弹涂鱼）amphibious robot（两栖机器人）. They won the Gold Award of the 19th Soong Chingling Award for Children's Invention on August 17, 2024.
“Traditional robots faced problems in wetlands,” Cui said. As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands. Inspired（启发）by the little creatures, they added a special chest（胸腔）and tail fin（鳍）to their robot. The fin can help the robot move freely on land and swim underwater. They also learned coding to control（控制）the robot with their phones from far away, up to 300 metres. What’s more, they put in different sensors（传感器）to see plants and check water quality.
But things didn’t always go well. How to keep the main electronics（电子元件）dry when the robot went underwater was a big problem during testing. “The 3-D printed parts we used couldn’t seal（密封）well,” Lyu said. After trying different ways, they found that placing rubber rings in the gaps（缝隙）worked well in stopping water from getting in.
After successfully controlling their robotic mudskipper on land and underwater, they were happy with their success. “I feel so proud because our robot can help look into the places that people cannot reach,” said Cui.
(
A. protect wetlands
B. check water quality
C. complete their schoolwork
D. learn more about amphibious fish
(
A. Mudskippers.
B. Wetlands.
C. The robot fish.
D. The animals.
(
A. By sealing the robot with tape.
B. By putting rubber rings in the gaps.
C. By using more 3-D printed parts.
D. By adding a special cover to it.
(
A. Because mudskippers can clean the water.
B. Because mudskippers can talk on the phones far away.
C. Because mudskippers would make the robot look cool.
D. Because mudskippers can move freely on land and in water.
(
A. The Importance of Wetlands
B. How Sensors Help in Wetlands
C. Problems in Studying Wetlands
D. Students Build Robots to Save Wetlands
“Traditional robots faced problems in wetlands,” Cui said. As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands. Inspired（启发）by the little creatures, they added a special chest（胸腔）and tail fin（鳍）to their robot. The fin can help the robot move freely on land and swim underwater. They also learned coding to control（控制）the robot with their phones from far away, up to 300 metres. What’s more, they put in different sensors（传感器）to see plants and check water quality.
But things didn’t always go well. How to keep the main electronics（电子元件）dry when the robot went underwater was a big problem during testing. “The 3-D printed parts we used couldn’t seal（密封）well,” Lyu said. After trying different ways, they found that placing rubber rings in the gaps（缝隙）worked well in stopping water from getting in.
After successfully controlling their robotic mudskipper on land and underwater, they were happy with their success. “I feel so proud because our robot can help look into the places that people cannot reach,” said Cui.
(
A
) 4. The two girls created the robot to .A. protect wetlands
B. check water quality
C. complete their schoolwork
D. learn more about amphibious fish
(
A
) 5. What does “the little creatures” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Mudskippers.
B. Wetlands.
C. The robot fish.
D. The animals.
(
B
) 6. How did the two girls keep the electronics dry when it was underwater?A. By sealing the robot with tape.
B. By putting rubber rings in the gaps.
C. By using more 3-D printed parts.
D. By adding a special cover to it.
(
D
) 7. Why did the girls choose to make the robot based on a mudskipper?A. Because mudskippers can clean the water.
B. Because mudskippers can talk on the phones far away.
C. Because mudskippers would make the robot look cool.
D. Because mudskippers can move freely on land and in water.
(
D
) 8. What would be the best title for the passage?A. The Importance of Wetlands
B. How Sensors Help in Wetlands
C. Problems in Studying Wetlands
D. Students Build Robots to Save Wetlands
答案：4. A
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. D
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. D
解析：
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，需通过定位原文对应信息解答各题：第4题需查找制作机器人的目的，第5题需猜测指代内容，第6题需寻找保持电子元件干燥的方法，第7题需明确以弹涂鱼为原型的原因，第8题需概括文章主旨，解题关键是精准定位原文相关语句。
【解析】4题：根据第一段“Hoping to protect the wetlands, Cui Luoyao and Lyu Haoyan... created a mudskipper amphibious robot”，可知制作机器人的目的是保护湿地，故选A；5题：第二段提到“As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands. Inspired by the little creatures”，此处“the little creatures”指代前文的弹涂鱼，故选A；6题：第三段明确说明“After trying different ways, they found that placing rubber rings in the gaps worked well in stopping water from getting in”，即通过在缝隙放橡胶圈保持电子元件干燥，故选B；7题：第二段指出“As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands”，这是选择弹涂鱼为原型的原因，故选D；8题：全文围绕两名学生为保护湿地制作弹涂鱼两栖机器人展开，对应标题“Students Build Robots to Save Wetlands”，故选D。
【答案】4.A 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解的细节查找、词义猜测及主旨概括能力，题目均为基础题型，需学生仔细阅读原文定位信息即可解答。
【难度系数】0.3
【解析】4题：根据第一段“Hoping to protect the wetlands, Cui Luoyao and Lyu Haoyan... created a mudskipper amphibious robot”，可知制作机器人的目的是保护湿地，故选A；5题：第二段提到“As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands. Inspired by the little creatures”，此处“the little creatures”指代前文的弹涂鱼，故选A；6题：第三段明确说明“After trying different ways, they found that placing rubber rings in the gaps worked well in stopping water from getting in”，即通过在缝隙放橡胶圈保持电子元件干燥，故选B；7题：第二段指出“As amphibious fish, mudskippers are small and can move freely in wetlands”，这是选择弹涂鱼为原型的原因，故选D；8题：全文围绕两名学生为保护湿地制作弹涂鱼两栖机器人展开，对应标题“Students Build Robots to Save Wetlands”，故选D。
【答案】4.A 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解的细节查找、词义猜测及主旨概括能力，题目均为基础题型，需学生仔细阅读原文定位信息即可解答。
【难度系数】0.3