三、阅读理解（16分）
A
（
A. Signs of Drowning.
B. Dos and Don'ts in the Water.
C. Danger of the Water.
D. Ways to Call for Help.
（
A. To teach safety tips.
B. To show teenagers' death.
C. To show the great danger.
D. To show how the tips help.
（
A. Jump into the sea to save him at once.
B. Swim as far as possible to safe areas.
C. Call his parents for help.
D. Give him something to hold.
（
A. A swimming guide.
B. An advertisement of lifejackets.
C. Swimming pool instructions.
D. A poster about water safety.
A
（
A
）1. Which of the following might be the heading(小标题) for “ ▲ ”?A. Signs of Drowning.
B. Dos and Don'ts in the Water.
C. Danger of the Water.
D. Ways to Call for Help.
（
C
）2. Why does the writer mention (提及) “1/3”?A. To teach safety tips.
B. To show teenagers' death.
C. To show the great danger.
D. To show how the tips help.
（
D
）3. What should Jack do if he sees a drowning boy in the sea according to the text?A. Jump into the sea to save him at once.
B. Swim as far as possible to safe areas.
C. Call his parents for help.
D. Give him something to hold.
（
D
）4. What type of text is this?A. A swimming guide.
B. An advertisement of lifejackets.
C. Swimming pool instructions.
D. A poster about water safety.
答案：1. A
2. C
3. D
4. D
2. C
3. D
4. D
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：需定位三角符号下的内容，该部分描述了溺水者的表现，对应“溺水的迹象”，据此判断选项。
2. 第2题：需结合原文“1/3 of accidental infant and toddler deaths are connected with drowning”，理解该数据是为了体现溺水的危险性，排除错误选项。
3. 第3题：需在“IF YOU SEE SOMEONE Drowning”部分找到对应做法，匹配选项内容。
4. 第4题：需根据文本标题及内容，判断文本类型，核心是围绕水上安全展开。
【解析】
1. 第1题：三角符号下的内容均为溺水者的典型表现，即“溺水的迹象”，A选项符合；B选项“水上的该做不该做”、C选项“水的危险”、D选项“求助方式”均不匹配该部分内容，故选A。
2. 第2题：原文提到1/3的婴幼儿意外死亡与溺水相关，意在说明溺水的危险性，C选项正确；A选项“教安全提示”、B选项“青少年死亡”、D选项“提示的帮助”均不符合数据的作用，故选C。
3. 第3题：根据“IF YOU SEE SOMEONE Drowning”部分的“Throw something for the person to hold”，可知D选项正确；A选项“立刻跳海救人”、B选项“游到安全区域”、C选项“叫父母帮忙”均不符合原文做法，故选D。
4. 第4题：文本标题为“HOW TO STAY SAFE IN WATER”，内容是水上安全的提示，属于水上安全海报，D选项正确；A选项“游泳指南”、B选项“救生衣广告”、C选项“泳池说明”均不符合文本类型，故选D。
【答案】
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本题为水上安全主题的阅读理解题，侧重考查学生的信息定位和细节匹配能力，题目难度适中，只要能准确找到原文对应内容即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：需定位三角符号下的内容，该部分描述了溺水者的表现，对应“溺水的迹象”，据此判断选项。
2. 第2题：需结合原文“1/3 of accidental infant and toddler deaths are connected with drowning”，理解该数据是为了体现溺水的危险性，排除错误选项。
3. 第3题：需在“IF YOU SEE SOMEONE Drowning”部分找到对应做法，匹配选项内容。
4. 第4题：需根据文本标题及内容，判断文本类型，核心是围绕水上安全展开。
【解析】
1. 第1题：三角符号下的内容均为溺水者的典型表现，即“溺水的迹象”，A选项符合；B选项“水上的该做不该做”、C选项“水的危险”、D选项“求助方式”均不匹配该部分内容，故选A。
2. 第2题：原文提到1/3的婴幼儿意外死亡与溺水相关，意在说明溺水的危险性，C选项正确；A选项“教安全提示”、B选项“青少年死亡”、D选项“提示的帮助”均不符合数据的作用，故选C。
3. 第3题：根据“IF YOU SEE SOMEONE Drowning”部分的“Throw something for the person to hold”，可知D选项正确；A选项“立刻跳海救人”、B选项“游到安全区域”、C选项“叫父母帮忙”均不符合原文做法，故选D。
4. 第4题：文本标题为“HOW TO STAY SAFE IN WATER”，内容是水上安全的提示，属于水上安全海报，D选项正确；A选项“游泳指南”、B选项“救生衣广告”、C选项“泳池说明”均不符合文本类型，故选D。
【答案】
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本题为水上安全主题的阅读理解题，侧重考查学生的信息定位和细节匹配能力，题目难度适中，只要能准确找到原文对应内容即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.6
B
Big snowstorms and cold air swept across Northern China in the first week of November. At the same time, a global（全球的） meeting on climate change was held in Glasgow, Scotland. There, leaders from around the world tried to deal with global warming.
Why are we having such a cold winter on a warming planet? In fact, the cold winter and global warming are not contradictory. Global warming does not happen evenly（均衡地） on earth, and it leads to more extreme（极端的） heat and cold.
Because of the warming climate, China has seen a growing temperature in winter. It has risen by $0.41°\mathrm{C}$ every 10 years since 1961. But in some cases, the country has also seen extreme cold—for example, the icy weather in early 2008.
Global warming has changed the earth's air circulation（循环）, affecting the local weather through sea-air or land-air interaction（相互作用）. For example, in October, La Nina affected China. It was caused by strong winds above the Pacific Ocean. It brought more cold air to China. Another reason for the cold weather is the warming Arctic, according to BBC. It is warming almost three times as fast as any other place on earth. The polar vortex（极地涡旋）—a rotating（旋转的） pool of cold air—becomes active as the temperature rises there. So lots of cold Arctic air then goes southward.
Will this winter be much colder? The official forecast（预报） said a cold winter is possible. Northern China may see more snow than usual, and Southern China, less rainfall than usual.
（
A.We may have cold winter under global warming.
B.Global warming doesn't happen in cold winter.
C.The cold winter leads to global warming.
D.The cold winter has nothing to do with global warming.
（
A.doesn't happen everywhere
B.is not as serious as we thought
C.can cause more heat and rain
D.can also lead to more cold
（
A.had a rise in temperature
B.went through extreme floods
C.was much colder than usual
D.had a hotter summer than usual
（
A.ab
B.ac
C.bc
D.bd
Big snowstorms and cold air swept across Northern China in the first week of November. At the same time, a global（全球的） meeting on climate change was held in Glasgow, Scotland. There, leaders from around the world tried to deal with global warming.
Why are we having such a cold winter on a warming planet? In fact, the cold winter and global warming are not contradictory. Global warming does not happen evenly（均衡地） on earth, and it leads to more extreme（极端的） heat and cold.
Because of the warming climate, China has seen a growing temperature in winter. It has risen by $0.41°\mathrm{C}$ every 10 years since 1961. But in some cases, the country has also seen extreme cold—for example, the icy weather in early 2008.
Global warming has changed the earth's air circulation（循环）, affecting the local weather through sea-air or land-air interaction（相互作用）. For example, in October, La Nina affected China. It was caused by strong winds above the Pacific Ocean. It brought more cold air to China. Another reason for the cold weather is the warming Arctic, according to BBC. It is warming almost three times as fast as any other place on earth. The polar vortex（极地涡旋）—a rotating（旋转的） pool of cold air—becomes active as the temperature rises there. So lots of cold Arctic air then goes southward.
Will this winter be much colder? The official forecast（预报） said a cold winter is possible. Northern China may see more snow than usual, and Southern China, less rainfall than usual.
（
A
）5. What does the underlined sentence mean?A.We may have cold winter under global warming.
B.Global warming doesn't happen in cold winter.
C.The cold winter leads to global warming.
D.The cold winter has nothing to do with global warming.
（
D
）6. The icy weather in early 2008 may show that global warming .A.doesn't happen everywhere
B.is not as serious as we thought
C.can cause more heat and rain
D.can also lead to more cold
（
C
）7. When La Nina happened, China .A.had a rise in temperature
B.went through extreme floods
C.was much colder than usual
D.had a hotter summer than usual
（
A
）8. The cold weather in October in China was affected by cold air from .A.ab
B.ac
C.bc
D.bd
答案：5. A 6. D 7. C 8. A
解析：
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解细节题，需结合原文内容及插图信息逐一分析各题：
1. 第5题：需理解划线句含义，结合上下文“全球变暖会导致更多极端冷热天气”，判断寒冷冬天与全球变暖的关系；
2. 第6题：定位原文中2008年初冰雪天气的例子，对应全球变暖的影响；
3. 第7题：找到拉尼娜现象对中国的影响，判断选项；
4. 第8题：结合插图的大洋标识，定位原文中影响中国冷空气的来源（北极、太平洋），对应选项。
【解析】
5. 划线句意为“寒冷的冬天和全球变暖并不矛盾”，结合下文“全球变暖会导致更多极端的热和冷”，可知在全球变暖背景下也会出现寒冷冬天，A选项符合；B、C、D均与原文表述不符，故选A。
6. 原文提到“全球变暖会导致更多极端的热和冷，而2008年初的冰雪天气就是中国出现极端寒冷的例子”，说明全球变暖也会引发极端寒冷，D选项符合；A选项并非该例子的说明内容，B、C表述错误，故选D。
7. 原文指出“拉尼娜现象影响中国，它由太平洋上空的强风引发，给中国带来更多冷空气”，说明拉尼娜发生时中国比平常更冷，C选项符合；A、B、D均与原文不符，故选C。
8. 插图中a代表北极，b代表太平洋，c代表印度洋，d代表大西洋。原文提到影响中国冷空气的来源：一是北极变暖带来的冷空气（a），二是太平洋的拉尼娜现象带来的冷空气（b），对应选项A，故选A。
【答案】
5.A 6.D 7.C 8.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解；全球气候；地理常识
【点评】
本题考查学生快速提取原文细节信息的能力，第8题需结合插图辅助解题，整体难度适中，需仔细对应原文与选项的匹配度。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为英语阅读理解细节题，需结合原文内容及插图信息逐一分析各题：
1. 第5题：需理解划线句含义，结合上下文“全球变暖会导致更多极端冷热天气”，判断寒冷冬天与全球变暖的关系；
2. 第6题：定位原文中2008年初冰雪天气的例子，对应全球变暖的影响；
3. 第7题：找到拉尼娜现象对中国的影响，判断选项；
4. 第8题：结合插图的大洋标识，定位原文中影响中国冷空气的来源（北极、太平洋），对应选项。
【解析】
5. 划线句意为“寒冷的冬天和全球变暖并不矛盾”，结合下文“全球变暖会导致更多极端的热和冷”，可知在全球变暖背景下也会出现寒冷冬天，A选项符合；B、C、D均与原文表述不符，故选A。
6. 原文提到“全球变暖会导致更多极端的热和冷，而2008年初的冰雪天气就是中国出现极端寒冷的例子”，说明全球变暖也会引发极端寒冷，D选项符合；A选项并非该例子的说明内容，B、C表述错误，故选D。
7. 原文指出“拉尼娜现象影响中国，它由太平洋上空的强风引发，给中国带来更多冷空气”，说明拉尼娜发生时中国比平常更冷，C选项符合；A、B、D均与原文不符，故选C。
8. 插图中a代表北极，b代表太平洋，c代表印度洋，d代表大西洋。原文提到影响中国冷空气的来源：一是北极变暖带来的冷空气（a），二是太平洋的拉尼娜现象带来的冷空气（b），对应选项A，故选A。
【答案】
5.A 6.D 7.C 8.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解；全球气候；地理常识
【点评】
本题考查学生快速提取原文细节信息的能力，第8题需结合插图辅助解题，整体难度适中，需仔细对应原文与选项的匹配度。
【难度系数】
0.5