七、阅读短文，回答问题（10分）
About 2 300 years ago, the area around Chengdu had bad floods every spring. Luckily, the Qin governor（太守）, Li Bing, was a water engineer. The king of Qin provided the money and asked the governor to work out the problem.
The usual way to prevent flooding is to build a dam（大坝）across the river. However, the king had also asked Li Bing to make sure that ships could still sail（航行）in the river, because the king needed to send food to the army（军队）. So Li Bing came up with a plan which still works today!
Helped by his son and the workers, Li Bing built a man-made island（岛）in the middle of the river. This island divided the water into an inner and an outer river. The inner river was deeper than but not as wide as the outer river. It took four years to build the island.
Li Bing also cut a new channel（运河）through Mount Yulei. This channel would take water away to irrigate（灌溉）the farmland below. The rock of the mountain was too hard to cut. Li Bing burnt the rock and used water to cool it. This made the rock break into smaller pieces which could be carried away more easily. Cutting the channel took eight years!
After Li Bing’s work was finished, there were no more floods, and the Dujiangyan irrigation system made the crops grow better. The river flowed naturally, and because there was no dam, ships and fish could pass freely. Sichuan became the most productive（多产的）area in China, as it still is today. Today, scientists and visitors from all over the world come to look at this wonderful example of engineering. This work and the name of Li Bing live on.
前4题每题的答案不超过10个词，第5题的答案词数不限。
1. What was Li Bing’s job?
2. Why did the ships need to sail in the river?
3. How did Li Bing break the rock into smaller pieces?
4. How long did it take Li Bing to cut a new channel?
5. What kind of person do you think Li Bing was?
About 2 300 years ago, the area around Chengdu had bad floods every spring. Luckily, the Qin governor（太守）, Li Bing, was a water engineer. The king of Qin provided the money and asked the governor to work out the problem.
The usual way to prevent flooding is to build a dam（大坝）across the river. However, the king had also asked Li Bing to make sure that ships could still sail（航行）in the river, because the king needed to send food to the army（军队）. So Li Bing came up with a plan which still works today!
Helped by his son and the workers, Li Bing built a man-made island（岛）in the middle of the river. This island divided the water into an inner and an outer river. The inner river was deeper than but not as wide as the outer river. It took four years to build the island.
Li Bing also cut a new channel（运河）through Mount Yulei. This channel would take water away to irrigate（灌溉）the farmland below. The rock of the mountain was too hard to cut. Li Bing burnt the rock and used water to cool it. This made the rock break into smaller pieces which could be carried away more easily. Cutting the channel took eight years!
After Li Bing’s work was finished, there were no more floods, and the Dujiangyan irrigation system made the crops grow better. The river flowed naturally, and because there was no dam, ships and fish could pass freely. Sichuan became the most productive（多产的）area in China, as it still is today. Today, scientists and visitors from all over the world come to look at this wonderful example of engineering. This work and the name of Li Bing live on.
前4题每题的答案不超过10个词，第5题的答案词数不限。
1. What was Li Bing’s job?
He was a governor and a water engineer.
2. Why did the ships need to sail in the river?
To send food to the army.
3. How did Li Bing break the rock into smaller pieces?
He burnt the rock and used water to cool it./By burning it and cooling it with water.
4. How long did it take Li Bing to cut a new channel?
Eight years.
5. What kind of person do you think Li Bing was?
He was clever and hard-working.
答案：1. He was a governor and a water engineer.
2. To send food to the army.
3. He burnt the rock and used water to cool it./By burning it and cooling it with water.
4. Eight years.
5. He was clever and hard-working.
2. To send food to the army.
3. He burnt the rock and used water to cool it./By burning it and cooling it with water.
4. Eight years.
5. He was clever and hard-working.
解析：
【分析】
做这类英语阅读简答题，需先根据问题关键词定位原文对应段落，再提取符合要求（前4题答案不超10个词）的信息；第5题需结合全文内容总结人物特点，确保答案准确对应原文，符合答题要求。
【解析】
1. 问题询问李冰的工作，定位原文第一段“the Qin governor, Li Bing, was a water engineer”，提取对应信息作答；
2. 问题询问船只需航行的原因，定位原文第二段“because the king needed to send food to the army”，提取原因作答；
3. 问题询问李冰弄碎岩石的方法，定位原文第四段“Li Bing burnt the rock and used water to cool it”，提取做法作答；
4. 问题询问挖新运河花费的时间，定位原文第四段“Cutting the channel took eight years”，提取时间作答；
5. 问题评价李冰，结合他解决洪水问题、耗时多年完成水利工程的表现，总结其特点作答。
【答案】
1. He was a governor and a water engineer.
2. To send food to the army.
3. He burnt the rock and used water to cool it.
4. Eight years.
5. He was clever and hard-working.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息提取、人物评价
【点评】
本题为英语阅读简答题，侧重考查学生从原文定位关键信息的能力及对人物的综合评价能力，题目难度适中，需学生准确对应原文内容作答，注意前4题的字数限制。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类英语阅读简答题，需先根据问题关键词定位原文对应段落，再提取符合要求（前4题答案不超10个词）的信息；第5题需结合全文内容总结人物特点，确保答案准确对应原文，符合答题要求。
【解析】
1. 问题询问李冰的工作，定位原文第一段“the Qin governor, Li Bing, was a water engineer”，提取对应信息作答；
2. 问题询问船只需航行的原因，定位原文第二段“because the king needed to send food to the army”，提取原因作答；
3. 问题询问李冰弄碎岩石的方法，定位原文第四段“Li Bing burnt the rock and used water to cool it”，提取做法作答；
4. 问题询问挖新运河花费的时间，定位原文第四段“Cutting the channel took eight years”，提取时间作答；
5. 问题评价李冰，结合他解决洪水问题、耗时多年完成水利工程的表现，总结其特点作答。
【答案】
1. He was a governor and a water engineer.
2. To send food to the army.
3. He burnt the rock and used water to cool it.
4. Eight years.
5. He was clever and hard-working.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息提取、人物评价
【点评】
本题为英语阅读简答题，侧重考查学生从原文定位关键信息的能力及对人物的综合评价能力，题目难度适中，需学生准确对应原文内容作答，注意前4题的字数限制。
【难度系数】
0.6
八、书面表达（25分）
每年的5月12日是全国防灾减灾日。假设你们学校举办了“地震模拟演练”活动，并邀请专家做讲座。请你用英语写一篇90词左右的短文，介绍此次活动，并谈谈你的感受。（所给内容不计入总词数）
On National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, our school held a series of activities.
We had an earthquake drill（演练）.
Our school also invited an expert（专家）to give us a talk about what we should do during an earthquake.
I think
每年的5月12日是全国防灾减灾日。假设你们学校举办了“地震模拟演练”活动，并邀请专家做讲座。请你用英语写一篇90词左右的短文，介绍此次活动，并谈谈你的感受。（所给内容不计入总词数）
On National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, our school held a series of activities.
We had an earthquake drill（演练）.
When the drill began, the teachers told us to calm down first. Then, they asked us to leave the classroom one by one. All the students helped each other on the way. At last, we reached the playground safely.
Our school also invited an expert（专家）to give us a talk about what we should do during an earthquake.
For example, we should keep ourselves away from windows or pictures on the wall. They may fall down and hurt us. We can hide under a strong desk or table to protect ourselves.
I think
these activities are very interesting and useful for us. We can learn a lot of knowledge about earthquakes and how to save ourselves in an earthquake.
答案：On National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, our school held a series of activities.
We had an earthquake drill（演练）. When the drill began, the teachers told us to calm down first. Then, they asked us to leave the classroom one by one. All the students helped each other on the way. At last, we reached the playground safely.
Our school also invited an expert（专家）to give us a talk about what we should do during an earthquake. For example, we should keep ourselves away from windows or pictures on the wall. They may fall down and hurt us. We can hide under a strong desk or table to protect ourselves.
I think these activities are very interesting and useful for us. We can learn a lot of knowledge about earthquakes and how to save ourselves in an earthquake.
We had an earthquake drill（演练）. When the drill began, the teachers told us to calm down first. Then, they asked us to leave the classroom one by one. All the students helped each other on the way. At last, we reached the playground safely.
Our school also invited an expert（专家）to give us a talk about what we should do during an earthquake. For example, we should keep ourselves away from windows or pictures on the wall. They may fall down and hurt us. We can hide under a strong desk or table to protect ourselves.
I think these activities are very interesting and useful for us. We can learn a lot of knowledge about earthquakes and how to save ourselves in an earthquake.
解析：
【分析】本题为英语书面表达题，要求介绍学校的地震模拟演练与专家讲座并谈感受。解题思路：1. 承接开头的地震演练，按时间顺序描述演练的具体流程（教师指导、有序撤离、互助、安全抵达操场）；2. 补充专家讲座的核心内容，列举地震时的自救措施；3. 表达个人对活动的看法，说明活动的意义，控制词数在90左右，语言符合英语表达习惯。
【解析】先梳理写作框架：演练过程→专家讲座内容→个人感受，再用准确的英语词汇和句式填充，确保内容完整、逻辑连贯，符合题目要求。
【答案】On National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, our school held a series of activities.
We had an earthquake drill（演练）. When the drill began, the teachers told us to calm down first. Then, they asked us to leave the classroom one by one. All the students helped each other on the way. At last, we reached the playground safely.
Our school also invited an expert（专家）to give us a talk about what we should do during an earthquake. For example, we should keep ourselves away from windows or pictures on the wall. They may fall down and hurt us. We can hide under a strong desk or table to protect ourselves.
I think these activities are very interesting and useful for us. We can learn a lot of knowledge about earthquakes and how to save ourselves in an earthquake.
【知识点】英语书面表达、话题作文
【点评】本文紧扣题目要求，结构清晰，内容具体，涵盖了活动过程、讲座内容和个人感受，语言通顺自然，符合初中英语写作的规范。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】先梳理写作框架：演练过程→专家讲座内容→个人感受，再用准确的英语词汇和句式填充，确保内容完整、逻辑连贯，符合题目要求。
【答案】On National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day, our school held a series of activities.
We had an earthquake drill（演练）. When the drill began, the teachers told us to calm down first. Then, they asked us to leave the classroom one by one. All the students helped each other on the way. At last, we reached the playground safely.
Our school also invited an expert（专家）to give us a talk about what we should do during an earthquake. For example, we should keep ourselves away from windows or pictures on the wall. They may fall down and hurt us. We can hide under a strong desk or table to protect ourselves.
I think these activities are very interesting and useful for us. We can learn a lot of knowledge about earthquakes and how to save ourselves in an earthquake.
【知识点】英语书面表达、话题作文
【点评】本文紧扣题目要求，结构清晰，内容具体，涵盖了活动过程、讲座内容和个人感受，语言通顺自然，符合初中英语写作的规范。
【难度系数】0.6