五、阅读理解
On Sept. 7, 2023, famous Chinese archaeologist（考古学家）Fan Jinshi, 85, was honoured by UNESCO for her efforts in the protection of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, her story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, had the chance to work at the Mogao Caves, a place which she had wanted to explore for a long time.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize that inside the caves is a world of divine（神圣的）beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and yellow earth,” Fan told Gansu Daily.
Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost completely cut off from the world. Fan and her co-workers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, copy murals（壁画）, and do whatever they could to protect and restore them.
In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled（编写）by Fan's team was finally published. It is known as China's first professional report on cave archaeology, reported Gansu Daily.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing the murals inside to lose their colours. A way out needed to be found to preserve Dunhuang's heritage（遗产）.
In the late 1980s, Fan came across computer technology by chance. She realized that this might preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital record system to protect cultural relics（文物）there, allowing Dunhuang's art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my whole life, I've only done one thing: protect and promote the world cultural heritage of the Mogao Caves,” she told People's Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
（
A. She found it hard to breathe in the caves.
B. She preferred the sandy land to the caves.
C. She disliked the natural environment outside the caves.
D. She was deeply impressed by the beauty of the Mogao Caves.
（
A. Increase. B. Protect. C. Improve. D. Change.
（
① Fan was honoured by UNESCO.
② Fan Jinshi went to work at the Mogao Caves.
③ A professional report on 10 Mogao Caves came out.
④ A digital record system was built by the Dunhuang Academy.
A. ②→③→④→① B. ①→②→③→④ C. ①→③→④→② D. ②→④→③→①
（
A. To explain how to make good use of computer technology.
B. To encourage more young people to study archaeology.
C. To introduce Fan Jinshi and her great work in Dunhuang.
D. To show how serious the pollution problem is in Dunhuang.
On Sept. 7, 2023, famous Chinese archaeologist（考古学家）Fan Jinshi, 85, was honoured by UNESCO for her efforts in the protection of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, her story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, had the chance to work at the Mogao Caves, a place which she had wanted to explore for a long time.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize that inside the caves is a world of divine（神圣的）beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and yellow earth,” Fan told Gansu Daily.
Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost completely cut off from the world. Fan and her co-workers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, copy murals（壁画）, and do whatever they could to protect and restore them.
In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled（编写）by Fan's team was finally published. It is known as China's first professional report on cave archaeology, reported Gansu Daily.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing the murals inside to lose their colours. A way out needed to be found to preserve Dunhuang's heritage（遗产）.
In the late 1980s, Fan came across computer technology by chance. She realized that this might preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital record system to protect cultural relics（文物）there, allowing Dunhuang's art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my whole life, I've only done one thing: protect and promote the world cultural heritage of the Mogao Caves,” she told People's Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
（
D
）1. What can we learn about Fan Jinshi from paragraph 2?A. She found it hard to breathe in the caves.
B. She preferred the sandy land to the caves.
C. She disliked the natural environment outside the caves.
D. She was deeply impressed by the beauty of the Mogao Caves.
（
B
）2. What does the underlined word “preserve” mean?A. Increase. B. Protect. C. Improve. D. Change.
（
A
）3. Which of the following shows the correct order of the events?① Fan was honoured by UNESCO.
② Fan Jinshi went to work at the Mogao Caves.
③ A professional report on 10 Mogao Caves came out.
④ A digital record system was built by the Dunhuang Academy.
A. ②→③→④→① B. ①→②→③→④ C. ①→③→④→② D. ②→④→③→①
（
C
）4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how to make good use of computer technology.
B. To encourage more young people to study archaeology.
C. To introduce Fan Jinshi and her great work in Dunhuang.
D. To show how serious the pollution problem is in Dunhuang.
答案：1－4 DBAC
解析：
【分析】
做本题需先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍樊锦诗在敦煌莫高窟的保护与贡献；再针对每道题的题型（细节理解、词义猜测、事件排序、主旨大意），定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项排除错误项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. （细节理解题）定位第二段：原文提到“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking... inside the caves is a world of divine beauty”，说明樊锦诗被莫高窟的美深深打动，D项正确；A项“呼吸困难”、B项“更喜欢沙地”、C项“不喜欢洞外环境”均与原文不符，排除。
2. （词义猜测题）前文提到游客增多可能伤害壁画，需找办法保护敦煌遗产，preserve意为“保护”，对应B项；A“增加”、C“改善”、D“改变”均不符合语境，排除。
3. （事件排序题）定位原文时间线：②1963年樊锦诗到莫高窟工作；③2011年10个莫高窟的专业报告出版；④发现游客问题后，经30多年探索建成数字系统；①2023年获UNESCO表彰，顺序为②→③→④→①，选A。
4. （主旨大意题）全文围绕樊锦诗在敦煌莫高窟的保护与推广工作展开，C项正确；A仅为文章部分内容，B未提及鼓励年轻人，D未讲污染问题，均排除。
【答案】
DBAC
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为人物介绍类阅读理解，考查学生的细节定位、词义推断、事件梳理及主旨归纳能力，需学生精准抓取原文时间、语境等关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
做本题需先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍樊锦诗在敦煌莫高窟的保护与贡献；再针对每道题的题型（细节理解、词义猜测、事件排序、主旨大意），定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项排除错误项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. （细节理解题）定位第二段：原文提到“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking... inside the caves is a world of divine beauty”，说明樊锦诗被莫高窟的美深深打动，D项正确；A项“呼吸困难”、B项“更喜欢沙地”、C项“不喜欢洞外环境”均与原文不符，排除。
2. （词义猜测题）前文提到游客增多可能伤害壁画，需找办法保护敦煌遗产，preserve意为“保护”，对应B项；A“增加”、C“改善”、D“改变”均不符合语境，排除。
3. （事件排序题）定位原文时间线：②1963年樊锦诗到莫高窟工作；③2011年10个莫高窟的专业报告出版；④发现游客问题后，经30多年探索建成数字系统；①2023年获UNESCO表彰，顺序为②→③→④→①，选A。
4. （主旨大意题）全文围绕樊锦诗在敦煌莫高窟的保护与推广工作展开，C项正确；A仅为文章部分内容，B未提及鼓励年轻人，D未讲污染问题，均排除。
【答案】
DBAC
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为人物介绍类阅读理解，考查学生的细节定位、词义推断、事件梳理及主旨归纳能力，需学生精准抓取原文时间、语境等关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6