解:$(1)$∵$9$的平方根为$\pm 3,$$8$的立方根为$2$
∴$\begin {cases}2a - 1 = 9\\3a - b - 1 = 8\end {cases},$解得$\begin {cases}{a = 5}\\{b= 6}\end {cases}$
∴$6a + b = 6×5 + 6 = 36,$$6a + b$的算术平方根为$\sqrt {6a + b}=\sqrt {36}=6$
$ (2)$∵$\sqrt 9<\sqrt {13}<\sqrt {16}$
∴$3<\sqrt {13}<4,$$\sqrt {13}$的整数部分为$3,$即$c = 3$
$ $由$(1)$得$a = 5,$$b = 6$
∴$2a + 3b - 2c = 2×5 + 3×6 - 2×3 = 22$
$ 2a + 3b - 2c $的平方根为$\pm \sqrt {2a + 3b - 2c}=\pm \sqrt {22}$