解:设点$A$沿射线$OC$方向平移$\sqrt{2}$个单位长度后到达点$M,$点$B$沿射线$OC$方向平移$\sqrt{2}$个单位长度后到达点$N.$ 如图,过点$M$作$ME\perp y$轴于点$E,$过点$N$作$NF\perp x$轴于点$F.$ 因为直线$OC$的函数表达式为$y = x,$易得$\angle COF=\angle COA = 45^{\circ}.$ 由题意,得$AM// OC,$$BN// OC,$所以$\angle NBF=\angle COF = 45^{\circ},$$\angle MAE=\angle COA = 45^{\circ}.$ 所以$\triangle AEM$和$\triangle BFN$均为等腰直角三角形,且$AM = BN=\sqrt{2}.$ 由勾股定理,易得$BF = NF = AE = EM = 1.$ 对于$y = 2x + 1,$令$x = 0,$得$y = 1;$令$y = 0,$得$2x+1 = 0,$解得$x=-\frac{1}{2},$所以点$A$的坐标为$(0,1),$点$B$的坐标为$(-\frac{1}{2},0).$ 所以$OA = 1,$$OB=\frac{1}{2},$即$OE=OA + AE = 2,$$OF=BF - OB=\frac{1}{2}.$ 所以点$M$的坐标为$(1,2),$点$N$的坐标为$(\frac{1}{2},1).$ 设直线$MN$对应的函数表达式为$y = kx + b,$将$M(1,2),$$N(\frac{1}{2},1)$分别代入,得$\begin{cases}k + b = 2\\\frac{1}{2}k + b = 1\end{cases},$解得$\begin{cases}k = 2\\b = 0\end{cases}.$ 所以直线$MN$对应的函数表达式为$y = 2x,$即平移后得到的直线对应的函数表达式为$y = 2x.$