(1)解:由$I = \frac{U}{R}$可得,$R_0$两端电压$U_0 = IR_0 = 0.2\ A\times20\ \Omega = 4\ V,$$R$两端电压$U_R = U - U_0 = 12\ V - 4\ V = 8\ V,$则$R$接入电路中的阻值$R=\frac{U_R}{I}=\frac{8\ V}{0.2\ A}=40\ \Omega。$
(2)解:当电压表示数为$10\ V$时,$R_0$两端电压$U_0' = U - U_R' = 12\ V - 10\ V = 2\ V,$通过$R_0$的电流$I_0=\frac{U_0'}{R_0}=\frac{2\ V}{20\ \Omega}=0.1\ A。$
(3)解:由图乙可知,当空气的湿度达到$50\%$时,湿敏电阻$R$的阻值$R' = 60\ \Omega,$电路中的电流$I'=\frac{U}{R_0 + R'}=\frac{12\ V}{20\ \Omega + 60\ \Omega}=0.15\ A,$电压表的示数$U_R'' = I'R' = 0.15\ A\times60\ \Omega = 9\ V。$