解:由题意可知,四个数$3,7,4,a$的平均数为$5,$根据平均数的定义可得:
$\frac{3 + 7 + 4 + a}{4} = 5$
等式两边同时乘以$4,$得:
$3 + 7 + 4 + a = 5 \times 4$
计算左边的和:$3 + 7 + 4 = 14,$右边:$5 \times 4 = 20,$则:
$14 + a = 20 \implies a = 20 - 14 = 6$
又因为五个数$18,9,7,a,b$的平均数是$10,$将$a = 6$代入,根据平均数定义可得:
$\frac{18 + 9 + 7 + 6 + b}{5} = 10$
等式两边同时乘以$5,$得:
$18 + 9 + 7 + 6 + b = 10 \times 5$
计算左边的和:$18 + 9 + 7 + 6 = 40,$右边:$10 \times 5 = 50,$则:
$40 + b = 50 \implies b = 50 - 40 = 10$
综上,$a = 6,$$b = 10。$