$(3\mathrm {)}$解:设该铝片中单质铝的质量为$x。$
$2\mathrm {Al} + 6\mathrm {HCl} = 2 \mathrm {AlCl}_3 + 3\mathrm {H}_2↑$
54 6
$x$ 0.4 g
$\frac {54}6 = \frac {x}{0.4 \mathrm {g}},$解得$ x = 3.6 \mathrm {g}$
该铝片中单质铝的质量分数为$\frac {3.6 \mathrm {g}}{4.0 \mathrm {g}}×100\% = 90\%。$
答:该铝片中单质铝的质量分数为$90\%。$