解:(1)$∠ BOD - ∠ AON = 15°。$理由如下:
因为$∠ AOB = 45°,$$∠ COD = 30°,$
所以$∠ BOD - ∠ AON = ∠ AOB + ∠ AOD - (∠ AOD + ∠ COD) = ∠ AOB - ∠ COD = 15°。$
(2)因为$∠ AOB = 45°,$$∠ COD = 30°,$所以当边$OB$旋转至射线$OM$上时,$t = 180÷6 = 30;$
当边$OA$旋转至射线$ON$上时,$t = 45÷6 = \frac{15}{2};$
当边$OB$与边$OD$重合时,$t = 30÷(6 - 3) = 10。$
若$∠ BOD + ∠ AON = 60°,$则分类讨论如下:
① 当$0≤ t≤\frac{15}{2}$时,$∠ AON = (45 - 6t)°,$$∠ BON = 6t°,$$∠ DON = (3t + 30)°,$
所以$∠ BOD = ∠ DON - ∠ BON = (30 - 3t)°,$
所以$30 - 3t + (45 - 6t) = 60,$解得$t = \frac{5}{3};$
② 当$\frac{15}{2}< t< 10$时,$∠ AON = (6t - 45)°,$$∠ BOD = (30 - 3t)°,$
所以$30 - 3t + (6t - 45) = 60,$解得$t = 25,$不合题意,舍去;
③ 当$10≤ t≤30$时,$∠ AON = (6t - 45)°,$$∠ BON = 6t°,$$∠ DON = (3t + 30)°,$
所以$∠ BOD = ∠ BON - ∠ DON = (3t - 30)°,$
所以$3t - 30 + (6t - 45) = 60,$解得$t = 15。$
综上所述,当$t = \frac{5}{3}$或$15$时,$∠ BOD + ∠ AON = 60°。$