解$:(3) $∵$6x^2 - xy - 2y^2 = (2x+y)(3x-2y), $
∴$6x^2 - xy - 2y^2 + 5x - 8y + a$可以分解为
$ [(2x+y)+c][(3x-2y)+d], $
则$ [(2x+y)+c] · [(3x-2y)+d] $
$= 6x^2 - xy - 2y^2 + (2d+3c)x + (d-2c)y + cd,$
∴$\begin {cases}2d+3c=5, \\d -2c=-8, \\cd =a,\end {cases} $
解得$ \begin {cases}a=-6, \\d =-2, \\c =3.\end {cases}$
则$ 6x^2 - xy - 2y^2 + 5x - 8y + a $
$= 6x^2 - xy - 2y^2 + 5x - 8y - 6 $
$= [(2x+y)+3][(3x-2y)-2]$
$ = (2x+y+3)(3x-2y-2)$