解:
(2) 因为$81^{31}=(3^4)^{31}=3^{124},$$27^{41}=(3^3)^{41}=3^{123},$$9^{61}=(3^2)^{61}=3^{122},$
$3^{124}>3^{123}>3^{122},$
所以$81^{31}>27^{41}>9^{61}。$
(3) 因为$2^{100}=(2^4)^{25}=16^{25},$$3^{75}=(3^3)^{25}=27^{25},$
$16^{25}<27^{25},$
所以$2^{100}<3^{75}。$
(4) 因为$17^{14}>16^{14},$$16^{14}=(2^4)^{14}=2^{56},$
所以$17^{14}>2^{56}>2^{55}。$
因为$2^{55}=(2^5)^{11}=32^{11},$$32^{11}>31^{11},$
所以$17^{14}>31^{11}。$
(5) 因为$108=4×27=2^2×27,$
所以$5^a=(5^b)^2×5^c,$
所以$5^a=5^{2b}×5^c,$即$5^a=5^{2b+c},$
所以$a=2b+c。$