解:
(1) 连接$BG。$
$\because AB=BC=2AD=2,$
$\therefore AD=AE=BE=BF=CF=1。$
$\because AD// BC,$即$AD// BF,$
$\therefore$ 四边形$ABFD$是平行四边形,
$\therefore ∠ BFD=∠ DAB=60°。$
$\because BG=BF,$
$\therefore △ BFG$是等边三角形,
$\therefore GF=BF,$
$\therefore GF=BF=FC,$
$\therefore$ 点$G$在以$BC$为直径的圆上,
$\therefore ∠ BGC=90°。$
$\because BG$为$\overset{\frown}{EF}$所在圆的半径,
$\therefore CG$为$\overset{\frown}{EF}$所在圆的切线。
(2) 过点$D$作$DH⊥ AB$于点$H。$
$\because$ 在$\mathrm{Rt}△ AHD$中,$∠ DAB=60°,$
$\therefore ∠ ADH=30°,$
$\therefore AH=\frac{1}{2}AD=\frac{1}{2},$
$\therefore DH=\sqrt{AD^2-AH^2}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{3}。$
$\because$ 四边形$ABFD$是平行四边形,
$\therefore DF=AB=2,$$∠ ABF=180°-∠ A=120°。$
$\because △ BFG$是等边三角形,
$\therefore ∠ GBF=60°,$$GF=BF=BG=1,$
$\therefore ∠ EBG=∠ ABF-∠ GBF=60°,$$DG=DF-GF=1,$
$\therefore S_{\mathrm{涂色部分}}=S_{\mathrm{梯形}ABGD}-S_{\mathrm{扇形}ADE}-S_{\mathrm{扇形}BEG}$
$=\frac{1}{2}×(1+2)×\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{3}-\frac{60π×1^2}{360}-\frac{60π×1^2}{360}$
$=\frac{3}{4}\sqrt{3}-\frac{π}{3}。$