解:
(1)规定向北行驶为正,则A车向北行驶50 km记作$+50\ \mathrm{km},$B车向南行驶40 km记作$-40\ \mathrm{km}。$
(2)规定购进大米为正,则购进大米200 kg记作$+200\ \mathrm{kg},$卖出120 kg记作$-120\ \mathrm{kg}。$
(3)规定水位上升为正,则水位上升0.3 m记作$+0.3\ \mathrm{m},$下降0.4 m记作$-0.4\ \mathrm{m},$下降0.2 m记作$-0.2\ \mathrm{m},$上升0.8 m记作$+0.8\ \mathrm{m}。$