零五网 全部参考答案 启东中学作业本 2025年启东中学作业本七年级数学上册苏科版宿迁专版 第21页解析答案
先化简,再求值:
(1)$5(3a^{2}b - ab^{2}) - (ab^{2} + 3a^{2}b)$,其中$a = \frac{1}{2}$,$b = \frac{1}{3}$;
(2)$(3a^{2} - 8a) + (2a^{3} - 13a^{2} + 2a) - 2(a^{3} - 3)$,其中$a = - 2$;
(3)$3(2a^{2} + 5a - 1) - 4(3 - 8a - 6a^{2})$,其中$a = - 1$;
(4)$3(x^{2}y - 2xy^{2} + x) - 2(2x + 5x^{2}y - xy^{2})$,其中$x = - 1$,$y = - 2$;
(5)$5ab^{2} - [2a^{2}b - (4ab^{2} - 2a^{2}b)]$,其中$a$,$b满足|a - 2| + (b + 1)^{2} = 0$;
(6)$5abc - 2a^{2}b + [3abc - 2(4ab^{2} - a^{2}b)]$,其中$a$,$b$,$c满足|a - 1| + |b - 2| + c^{2} = 0$;
(7)$(5ab + 4a + 7b) + (6a - 3ab) - (4ab - 3b)$,其中$a$,$b满足a + b = 7$,$ab = 10$;
(8)$5m^{2} - [5m^{2} - (2m^{2} - mn) - 7mn - 5]$,其中$m$,$n满足m^{2} + 3mn = 5$。
答案:(1)$12a^{2}b-6ab^{2},\frac {2}{3}$ (2)$-10a^{2}-6a+6,-22$ (3)$30a^{2}+47a-15,-32$ (4)$-7x^{2}y-4xy^{2}-x,31$ (5)$9ab^{2}-4a^{2}b,34$ (6)$8abc-8ab^{2},-32$ (7)$10a+10b-2ab,50$ (8)$2m^{2}+6mn+5,15$
解析:
(1)解:原式$=15a^{2}b - 5ab^{2} - ab^{2} - 3a^{2}b = 12a^{2}b - 6ab^{2}$
当$a = \frac{1}{2}$,$b = \frac{1}{3}$时,
原式$=12×(\frac{1}{2})^{2}×\frac{1}{3} - 6×\frac{1}{2}×(\frac{1}{3})^{2} = 12×\frac{1}{4}×\frac{1}{3} - 6×\frac{1}{2}×\frac{1}{9} = 1 - \frac{1}{3} = \frac{2}{3}$
(2)解:原式$=3a^{2} - 8a + 2a^{3} - 13a^{2} + 2a - 2a^{3} + 6 = -10a^{2} - 6a + 6$
当$a = -2$时,
原式$=-10×(-2)^{2} - 6×(-2) + 6 = -10×4 + 12 + 6 = -40 + 18 = -22$
(3)解:原式$=6a^{2} + 15a - 3 - 12 + 32a + 24a^{2} = 30a^{2} + 47a - 15$
当$a = -1$时,
原式$=30×(-1)^{2} + 47×(-1) - 15 = 30 - 47 - 15 = -32$
(4)解:原式$=3x^{2}y - 6xy^{2} + 3x - 4x - 10x^{2}y + 2xy^{2} = -7x^{2}y - 4xy^{2} - x$
当$x = -1$,$y = -2$时,
原式$=-7×(-1)^{2}×(-2) - 4×(-1)×(-2)^{2} - (-1) = -7×1×(-2) - 4×(-1)×4 + 1 = 14 + 16 + 1 = 31$
(5)解:原式$=5ab^{2} - (2a^{2}b - 4ab^{2} + 2a^{2}b) = 5ab^{2} - 4a^{2}b + 4ab^{2} = 9ab^{2} - 4a^{2}b$
由$|a - 2| + (b + 1)^{2} = 0$得$a = 2$,$b = -1$
原式$=9×2×(-1)^{2} - 4×2^{2}×(-1) = 18 + 16 = 34$
(6)解:原式$=5abc - 2a^{2}b + 3abc - 8ab^{2} + 2a^{2}b = 8abc - 8ab^{2}$
由$|a - 1| + |b - 2| + c^{2} = 0$得$a = 1$,$b = 2$,$c = 0$
原式$=8×1×2×0 - 8×1×2^{2} = 0 - 32 = -32$
(7)解:原式$=5ab + 4a + 7b + 6a - 3ab - 4ab + 3b = 10a + 10b - 2ab$
当$a + b = 7$,$ab = 10$时,
原式$=10(a + b) - 2ab = 10×7 - 2×10 = 70 - 20 = 50$
(8)解:原式$=5m^{2} - (5m^{2} - 2m^{2} + mn - 7mn - 5) = 5m^{2} - 3m^{2} + 6mn + 5 = 2m^{2} + 6mn + 5$
当$m^{2} + 3mn = 5$时,
原式$=2(m^{2} + 3mn) + 5 = 2×5 + 5 = 15$
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