四、阅读理解
Have you ever wanted to be taller? Perhaps we all have wished for this,whether we're trying to see over a crowd of people or dreaming of becoming a basketball player. Height is mainly a result of genetics(遗传),though other factors(因素)like nutrition(营养)and healthcare can also influence our height.
According to a report,the average(平均的)height for Chinese men is 1.71 metres,while for women it's 1.59 metres. But what stops us from growing to three metres or even taller? The answer is evolution(进化),according to a study from Harvard University.
“Height is not just about height. It's about the biological growth of an organism(生物),”biologist Terence D. Capellini from Harvard University said. Over millions of years,natural selection(物竞天择)has influenced the way our organs(器官)and bodies grow. In general,the genes(基因)that influence organ growth are quite active in babies,causing them to grow fast. But as children get older,the genes slacken. Finally,as they enter late adolescence(青春期),the genes turn off and teenagers reach their adult height.
According to the study,about 70 to 80 per cent of our height is mainly decided by the growth genes. The other factors are some environmental factors like proper nutrition and modern healthcare. An example of an environmental factor is when a child doesn't get the nutrition he or she needs,the child is less likely to reach the average height.
Many people would like to be taller than they are,but is that necessarily good for them?
Robert Wadlow from the US was once the tallest man in history. He was 2.72 metres tall. But he had several related(相关的)health problems. For example,he needed leg braces(支架)to help him walk. He died at the age of 22 from an illness that was caused by a brace that didn't fit him properly. Being very tall can cause high blood pressure(血压)in the legs. It can also put too much stress on the heart,according to the Guardian.
It seems that the only way to grow to a tall and healthy height is to have a healthy and balanced lifestyle,according to Forbes.
(
A. Healthcare.
B. Nutrition.
C. Lifestyle.
D. Evolution.
(
A. turn off
B. slow down
C. give up
D. break down
(
A. reaching the average height may put less stress on our heart
B. humans' organs grow much more slowly than their height
C. we have to become stronger if we want to grow much taller
D. our height is also influenced by our daily food
(
A. What's the Secret of Our Height?
B. Is It Good to Be Taller?
C. Environmental Factors Influence Height.
D. Useful Ways to Grow Taller.
Have you ever wanted to be taller? Perhaps we all have wished for this,whether we're trying to see over a crowd of people or dreaming of becoming a basketball player. Height is mainly a result of genetics(遗传),though other factors(因素)like nutrition(营养)and healthcare can also influence our height.
According to a report,the average(平均的)height for Chinese men is 1.71 metres,while for women it's 1.59 metres. But what stops us from growing to three metres or even taller? The answer is evolution(进化),according to a study from Harvard University.
“Height is not just about height. It's about the biological growth of an organism(生物),”biologist Terence D. Capellini from Harvard University said. Over millions of years,natural selection(物竞天择)has influenced the way our organs(器官)and bodies grow. In general,the genes(基因)that influence organ growth are quite active in babies,causing them to grow fast. But as children get older,the genes slacken. Finally,as they enter late adolescence(青春期),the genes turn off and teenagers reach their adult height.
According to the study,about 70 to 80 per cent of our height is mainly decided by the growth genes. The other factors are some environmental factors like proper nutrition and modern healthcare. An example of an environmental factor is when a child doesn't get the nutrition he or she needs,the child is less likely to reach the average height.
Many people would like to be taller than they are,but is that necessarily good for them?
Robert Wadlow from the US was once the tallest man in history. He was 2.72 metres tall. But he had several related(相关的)health problems. For example,he needed leg braces(支架)to help him walk. He died at the age of 22 from an illness that was caused by a brace that didn't fit him properly. Being very tall can cause high blood pressure(血压)in the legs. It can also put too much stress on the heart,according to the Guardian.
It seems that the only way to grow to a tall and healthy height is to have a healthy and balanced lifestyle,according to Forbes.
(
D
)1. According to the passage,which of the following stops humans from growing?A. Healthcare.
B. Nutrition.
C. Lifestyle.
D. Evolution.
(
B
)2. The underlined word “slacken” probably means “______”.A. turn off
B. slow down
C. give up
D. break down
(
D
)3. The writer probably agrees that ______.A. reaching the average height may put less stress on our heart
B. humans' organs grow much more slowly than their height
C. we have to become stronger if we want to grow much taller
D. our height is also influenced by our daily food
(
A
)4. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?A. What's the Secret of Our Height?
B. Is It Good to Be Taller?
C. Environmental Factors Influence Height.
D. Useful Ways to Grow Taller.
答案：1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A
解析：
翻译:
### 四、阅读理解
你曾经希望自己长得更高吗？也许我们都曾有过这样的愿望，无论是想要在人群中看得更远，还是梦想成为一名篮球运动员。身高主要是遗传的结果，不过像营养和医疗保健等其他因素也会影响我们的身高。
根据一份报告，中国男性的平均身高是1.71米，而女性的平均身高是1.59米。但是是什么阻止我们长到三米甚至更高呢？根据哈佛大学的一项研究，答案是进化。
“身高不仅仅关乎身高。它关乎生物体的生物生长，”哈佛大学的生物学家特伦斯·D·卡佩利尼说。数百万年来，自然选择影响了我们的器官和身体的生长方式。一般来说，影响器官生长的基因在婴儿时期相当活跃，这使得他们生长得很快。但随着孩子长大，这些基因的活跃度会降低。最后，当他们进入青春期后期时，这些基因会关闭，青少年就会达到他们的成年身高。
根据这项研究，我们身高的大约70%到80%主要由生长基因决定。其他因素是一些环境因素，比如适当的营养和现代医疗保健。一个环境因素的例子是，当一个孩子没有得到他或她所需的营养时，这个孩子就不太可能达到平均身高。
很多人都希望自己比现在更高，但这对他们来说就一定好吗？
来自美国的罗伯特·瓦德罗曾是历史上最高的人。他身高2.72米。但他有一些相关的健康问题。例如，他需要腿部支架来帮助他行走。他在22岁时死于一种由不合适的支架引起的疾病。根据《卫报》的报道，长得很高会导致腿部高血压。它也会给心脏带来过多的压力。
据《福布斯》报道，似乎长到又高又健康的身高的唯一方法是拥有健康且均衡的生活方式。
（ ）1. 根据文章，以下哪一项阻止了人类长高？
A. 医疗保健。
B. 营养。
C. 生活方式。
D. 进化。
（ ）2. 划线单词“slacken”的意思可能是“______”。
A. 关闭
B. 放慢速度
C. 放弃
D. 出故障
（ ）3. 作者可能同意______。
A. 达到平均身高可能会给我们的心脏带来更少的压力
B. 人类的器官生长比他们的身高生长慢得多
C. 如果我们想要长得更高，我们必须变得更强壮
D. 我们的身高也会受到我们日常饮食的影响
（ ）4. 以下哪一项可能是这篇文章的最佳标题？
A. 我们身高的秘密是什么？
B. 长得更高好吗？
C. 环境因素影响身高。
D. 长高的有用方法。
### 四、阅读理解
你曾经希望自己长得更高吗？也许我们都曾有过这样的愿望，无论是想要在人群中看得更远，还是梦想成为一名篮球运动员。身高主要是遗传的结果，不过像营养和医疗保健等其他因素也会影响我们的身高。
根据一份报告，中国男性的平均身高是1.71米，而女性的平均身高是1.59米。但是是什么阻止我们长到三米甚至更高呢？根据哈佛大学的一项研究，答案是进化。
“身高不仅仅关乎身高。它关乎生物体的生物生长，”哈佛大学的生物学家特伦斯·D·卡佩利尼说。数百万年来，自然选择影响了我们的器官和身体的生长方式。一般来说，影响器官生长的基因在婴儿时期相当活跃，这使得他们生长得很快。但随着孩子长大，这些基因的活跃度会降低。最后，当他们进入青春期后期时，这些基因会关闭，青少年就会达到他们的成年身高。
根据这项研究，我们身高的大约70%到80%主要由生长基因决定。其他因素是一些环境因素，比如适当的营养和现代医疗保健。一个环境因素的例子是，当一个孩子没有得到他或她所需的营养时，这个孩子就不太可能达到平均身高。
很多人都希望自己比现在更高，但这对他们来说就一定好吗？
来自美国的罗伯特·瓦德罗曾是历史上最高的人。他身高2.72米。但他有一些相关的健康问题。例如，他需要腿部支架来帮助他行走。他在22岁时死于一种由不合适的支架引起的疾病。根据《卫报》的报道，长得很高会导致腿部高血压。它也会给心脏带来过多的压力。
据《福布斯》报道，似乎长到又高又健康的身高的唯一方法是拥有健康且均衡的生活方式。
（ ）1. 根据文章，以下哪一项阻止了人类长高？
A. 医疗保健。
B. 营养。
C. 生活方式。
D. 进化。
（ ）2. 划线单词“slacken”的意思可能是“______”。
A. 关闭
B. 放慢速度
C. 放弃
D. 出故障
（ ）3. 作者可能同意______。
A. 达到平均身高可能会给我们的心脏带来更少的压力
B. 人类的器官生长比他们的身高生长慢得多
C. 如果我们想要长得更高，我们必须变得更强壮
D. 我们的身高也会受到我们日常饮食的影响
（ ）4. 以下哪一项可能是这篇文章的最佳标题？
A. 我们身高的秘密是什么？
B. 长得更高好吗？
C. 环境因素影响身高。
D. 长高的有用方法。