一、读下面的小短文，找出文中it所指代的内容
I had a good time yesterday. In the morning when I got up,
my mother gave me a new dress. It was perfect. I looked very
good in it. In the evening, my parents and I went out for dinner.
The waiter brought us the menu. On it we could see many pictures
of the delicious food. I ordered barbecue meat. I cooked it myself
at the table. It was great fun. The waiter was very friendly too.
My father gave him a big tip (小费). It made him very happy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I had a good time yesterday. In the morning when I got up,
my mother gave me a new dress. It was perfect. I looked very
good in it. In the evening, my parents and I went out for dinner.
The waiter brought us the menu. On it we could see many pictures
of the delicious food. I ordered barbecue meat. I cooked it myself
at the table. It was great fun. The waiter was very friendly too.
My father gave him a big tip (小费). It made him very happy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
答案：1. a new dress
2. a new dress
3. the menu
4. barbecue meat
5. Cooking the barbecue meat myself at the table
6. a big tip
2. a new dress
3. the menu
4. barbecue meat
5. Cooking the barbecue meat myself at the table
6. a big tip
解析：
判断it的指代内容需结合上下文语境，it通常指代前文出现的单数可数名词、不可数名词或一件具体的事：
1. 根据前文“my mother gave me a new dress”，后面“It was perfect.”中的it指代a new dress；
2. “I looked very good in it.”中的it指代前文的a new dress；
3. 由前文“The waiter brought us the menu”可知，“On it we could see many pictures...”中的it指代the menu；
4. 前文提到“I ordered barbecue meat”，“I cooked it myself at the table.”中的it指代barbecue meat；
5. “It was great fun.”中的it指代前文“自己在桌边烤烤肉”这件事，即Cooking the barbecue meat myself at the table；
6. 根据前文“My father gave him a big tip”，“It made him very happy.”中的it指代a big tip。
1. 根据前文“my mother gave me a new dress”，后面“It was perfect.”中的it指代a new dress；
2. “I looked very good in it.”中的it指代前文的a new dress；
3. 由前文“The waiter brought us the menu”可知，“On it we could see many pictures...”中的it指代the menu；
4. 前文提到“I ordered barbecue meat”，“I cooked it myself at the table.”中的it指代barbecue meat；
5. “It was great fun.”中的it指代前文“自己在桌边烤烤肉”这件事，即Cooking the barbecue meat myself at the table；
6. 根据前文“My father gave him a big tip”，“It made him very happy.”中的it指代a big tip。
二、用it改写下列句子
1. Summer is very hot in Jiangsu.
In summer, .
2. My hometown is about 20 miles from the city centre.
from the city centre to my hometown.
3. I arrived home at midnight because of the heavy snow.
when I arrived home because of the heavy snow.
4. Today is Sunday. Our class will go on a picnic at the beach.
. Our class will go on a picnic at the beach.
5. Zhang Wei returned from work at 7 p.m. today.
when Zhang Wei returned from work today.
6. Changchun is cold in winter. Sometimes the temperature is below $-20°C$.
Changchun is cold in winter. Sometimes .
1. Summer is very hot in Jiangsu.
In summer, .
2. My hometown is about 20 miles from the city centre.
from the city centre to my hometown.
3. I arrived home at midnight because of the heavy snow.
when I arrived home because of the heavy snow.
4. Today is Sunday. Our class will go on a picnic at the beach.
. Our class will go on a picnic at the beach.
5. Zhang Wei returned from work at 7 p.m. today.
when Zhang Wei returned from work today.
6. Changchun is cold in winter. Sometimes the temperature is below $-20°C$.
Changchun is cold in winter. Sometimes .
答案：1. it is very hot in Jiangsu
2. It is about 20 miles
3. It was midnight
4. It is Sunday today
5. It was 7 p.m.
6. it is below -20°C
2. It is about 20 miles
3. It was midnight
4. It is Sunday today
5. It was 7 p.m.
6. it is below -20°C
解析：
本题考查it的指代用法，it可用来指代天气、时间、距离、温度等，改写时用it作主语替换原句对应内容，契合英语表达习惯：
1. 指代天气，用it作主语表达天气状况；
2. 指代距离，用“It is + 距离”结构表达两地距离；
3. 指代时间，用“It was + 时间点”结构说明具体时间；
4. 指代星期，用“It is + 星期 + today”的常用结构；
5. 指代时间点，用“It was + 时间点”结构；
6. 指代温度，用it作主语表述温度情况。
1. 指代天气，用it作主语表达天气状况；
2. 指代距离，用“It is + 距离”结构表达两地距离；
3. 指代时间，用“It was + 时间点”结构说明具体时间；
4. 指代星期，用“It is + 星期 + today”的常用结构；
5. 指代时间点，用“It was + 时间点”结构；
6. 指代温度，用it作主语表述温度情况。
三、用it作形式主语或形式宾语改写下列句子
1. To translate this English novel into Chinese is hard work.
this English novel into Chinese.
2. Ben is polite enough to pull the chair for the lady.
Ben to pull the chair for the lady.
3. Simon spent 20 minutes working out the Maths problem.
took Simon 20 minutes the Maths problem.
4. It is easier for people to take action when they wear red.
Wearing red can make easier for people .
5. I found that helping each other was very important for us.
I found very important .
6. There are so many rocks in unusual shapes in the cave. How amazing!
that there are so many rocks in unusual shapes in the cave.
1. To translate this English novel into Chinese is hard work.
this English novel into Chinese.
2. Ben is polite enough to pull the chair for the lady.
Ben to pull the chair for the lady.
3. Simon spent 20 minutes working out the Maths problem.
took Simon 20 minutes the Maths problem.
4. It is easier for people to take action when they wear red.
Wearing red can make easier for people .
5. I found that helping each other was very important for us.
I found very important .
6. There are so many rocks in unusual shapes in the cave. How amazing!
that there are so many rocks in unusual shapes in the cave.
答案：1. It is hard work to translate
2. It is polite of
3. It; to work out
4. it; to take action
5. it; for us to help each other
6. It is amazing
2. It is polite of
3. It; to work out
4. it; to take action
5. it; for us to help each other
6. It is amazing
解析：
本题考查it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法。
1. 当不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，将真正主语不定式后置，结构为“It is + 名词短语 + to do sth.”，原句主语是To translate...，据此改写。
2. 描述人的品质的形容词作表语时，用“It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.”结构，polite是描述Ben的品质，据此改写。
3. “It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.”是固定句型，对应原句spend的用法，据此填空。
4. make后可接it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式，结构为“make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”，据此填空。
5. find后接it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式，结构为“find it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”，将原句宾语从句转化为不定式结构，据此填空。
6. 感叹句可转化为“It is + 形容词 + that从句”的形式，用it作形式主语，真正主语是that从句，据此改写。
1. 当不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，将真正主语不定式后置，结构为“It is + 名词短语 + to do sth.”，原句主语是To translate...，据此改写。
2. 描述人的品质的形容词作表语时，用“It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.”结构，polite是描述Ben的品质，据此改写。
3. “It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.”是固定句型，对应原句spend的用法，据此填空。
4. make后可接it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式，结构为“make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”，据此填空。
5. find后接it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式，结构为“find it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”，将原句宾语从句转化为不定式结构，据此填空。
6. 感叹句可转化为“It is + 形容词 + that从句”的形式，用it作形式主语，真正主语是that从句，据此改写。