B(2023·盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学一模)
Born in Zhejiang Province, Shen Kuo was an excellent scientist of the Northern Song dynasty. He was a gifted scholar of literature, physics, chemistry, calendar, medical science and many other fields. In his life, Shen held a number of official positions. He once represented the government to the Liao Kingdom and led soldiers in battle. At one time, he served as the director to watch the stars. So, Shen Kuo was well-known for his amazing talent in ancient China.
Shen Kuo was especially known for the explanations of natural phenomena found in his famous book Mengxi Bitan, or Dream Pool Essays. The book was widely regarded as an important scientific work in ancient China. There is a story about the origin of Mengxi Bitan. While in his thirties, Shen Kuo often dreamed of a place. In the dream, he climbed a hill, the top of which was covered with brightly coloured flowers and trees. A clear stream flowed at the foot of the hill. Later on, when travelling around, he was shocked to find a piece of land that was just the place in his dream. After his retirement, he remained there for the last seven years, naming it "Dream Brook Garden", and wrote down the discoveries he had made in his lifetime.
In Mengxi Bitan, he wrote a lot about the animals and plants he had seen when travelling through the country, such as the giant clam(蛤蜊) in the South Sea, the crocodile in Chaozhou and Chinese wolfberries in the northwest of China. The book also introduced some methods to kill insect pests.
Shen Kuo was the first to discover that the compass does not point directly north, but to the north magnetic pole(北磁极). He also had deep knowledge about fossils. When visiting the Taihang Mountains in Shanxi Province, he found fossilized seashells and noted the egg-shaped stones like those were often found in the area by the sea. This led him to conclude that at some time in the distant past, Shanxi had been covered by the sea.
Shen Kuo was hundreds of years ahead of Western scientists in many fields. His work Mengxi Bitan was a milestone in the history of Chinese science. Today, this amazing over 900-year-old work has been translated into a number of different languages.
(
A. It described Shen Kuo's dreams.
B. Its name came from the place in his dream.
C. It was one of Shen's 1,000 scientific works.
D. Mengxi Bitan or Dream Pool Essays is about nature.
(
A. Like father, like son.
B. Silence is gold.
C. Good at both pen and sword.
D. Practice makes perfect.
(
A. Shanxi was covered by the sea long ago.
B. The compass points directly to the north.
C. Shen Kuo visited the Taihang Mountains in Shanxi.
D. Egg-shaped fossils were found in Shanxi.
Born in Zhejiang Province, Shen Kuo was an excellent scientist of the Northern Song dynasty. He was a gifted scholar of literature, physics, chemistry, calendar, medical science and many other fields. In his life, Shen held a number of official positions. He once represented the government to the Liao Kingdom and led soldiers in battle. At one time, he served as the director to watch the stars. So, Shen Kuo was well-known for his amazing talent in ancient China.
Shen Kuo was especially known for the explanations of natural phenomena found in his famous book Mengxi Bitan, or Dream Pool Essays. The book was widely regarded as an important scientific work in ancient China. There is a story about the origin of Mengxi Bitan. While in his thirties, Shen Kuo often dreamed of a place. In the dream, he climbed a hill, the top of which was covered with brightly coloured flowers and trees. A clear stream flowed at the foot of the hill. Later on, when travelling around, he was shocked to find a piece of land that was just the place in his dream. After his retirement, he remained there for the last seven years, naming it "Dream Brook Garden", and wrote down the discoveries he had made in his lifetime.
In Mengxi Bitan, he wrote a lot about the animals and plants he had seen when travelling through the country, such as the giant clam(蛤蜊) in the South Sea, the crocodile in Chaozhou and Chinese wolfberries in the northwest of China. The book also introduced some methods to kill insect pests.
Shen Kuo was the first to discover that the compass does not point directly north, but to the north magnetic pole(北磁极). He also had deep knowledge about fossils. When visiting the Taihang Mountains in Shanxi Province, he found fossilized seashells and noted the egg-shaped stones like those were often found in the area by the sea. This led him to conclude that at some time in the distant past, Shanxi had been covered by the sea.
Shen Kuo was hundreds of years ahead of Western scientists in many fields. His work Mengxi Bitan was a milestone in the history of Chinese science. Today, this amazing over 900-year-old work has been translated into a number of different languages.
(
B
)5. What do we know about Mengxi Bitan?A. It described Shen Kuo's dreams.
B. Its name came from the place in his dream.
C. It was one of Shen's 1,000 scientific works.
D. Mengxi Bitan or Dream Pool Essays is about nature.
(
C
)6. Which of the following sayings can best describe Shen Kuo?A. Like father, like son.
B. Silence is gold.
C. Good at both pen and sword.
D. Practice makes perfect.
(
D
)7. What does the underlined word "This" in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Shanxi was covered by the sea long ago.
B. The compass points directly to the north.
C. Shen Kuo visited the Taihang Mountains in Shanxi.
D. Egg-shaped fossils were found in Shanxi.
答案：5. B【解析】根据第二段中“While in his thirties, Shen Kuo often dreamed of a place. In the dream... and wrote down the discoveries he had made in his lifetime.”可知，《梦溪笔谈》这本书的名字源于沈括梦中的一个地方。
6. C【解析】根据第一段中“He was a gifted scholar of literature, physics, chemistry... he served as the director to watch the stars.”可知，沈括文武双全。
7. D
6. C【解析】根据第一段中“He was a gifted scholar of literature, physics, chemistry... he served as the director to watch the stars.”可知，沈括文武双全。
7. D
解析：
翻译:
### （2023·盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学一模）
沈括出生于浙江省，是北宋一位杰出的科学家。他在文学、物理、化学、历法、医学等诸多领域都极具天赋。沈括一生担任过不少官职。他曾代表朝廷出使辽国，还领兵作战。他曾担任过观测天象的官员。因此，沈括在中国古代以其惊人的才华而闻名。
沈括尤其因他在名著《梦溪笔谈》中对自然现象的阐释而闻名。这本书被广泛认为是中国古代一部重要的科学著作。关于《梦溪笔谈》的由来有这样一个故事。沈括三十多岁时，常常梦到一个地方。在梦里，他爬上一座小山，山顶长满了色彩鲜艳的花草树木。山脚下有一条清澈的溪流。后来，在游历途中，他惊讶地发现了一块和他梦中之地一模一样的地方。退休后，他在那里住了最后七年，将其命名为“梦溪园”，并写下了他一生的发现。
在《梦溪笔谈》中，他大量记录了自己游历全国时见到的动植物，比如南海的巨蚌、潮州的鳄鱼以及中国西北的枸杞。这本书还介绍了一些防治虫害的方法。
沈括是第一个发现指南针不是指向正北方，而是指向北磁极的人。他对化石也有很深的研究。在游览山西太行山时，他发现了贝壳化石，并注意到像这样的蛋形石头在海边地区很常见。这使他得出结论：在遥远的过去，山西曾经被海水覆盖。
沈括在许多领域比西方科学家领先数百年。他的著作《梦溪笔谈》是中国科学史上的一个里程碑。如今，这部令人惊叹的、已有900多年历史的著作已被翻译成多种不同的语言。
5. 关于《梦溪笔谈》，我们了解到什么？
A. 它描述了沈括的梦境。
B. 它的名字来源于他梦中的地方。
C. 它是沈括的1000部科学著作之一。
D. 《梦溪笔谈》是关于自然的。
6. 以下哪句话最能描述沈括？
A. 有其父必有其子。
B. 沉默是金。
C. 文武双全。
D. 熟能生巧。
7. 第四段中划线的单词“This”指的是什么？
A. 山西很久以前被海水覆盖。
B. 指南针指向正北方。
C. 沈括游览了山西的太行山。
D. 在山西发现了蛋形化石。
### （2023·盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学一模）
沈括出生于浙江省，是北宋一位杰出的科学家。他在文学、物理、化学、历法、医学等诸多领域都极具天赋。沈括一生担任过不少官职。他曾代表朝廷出使辽国，还领兵作战。他曾担任过观测天象的官员。因此，沈括在中国古代以其惊人的才华而闻名。
沈括尤其因他在名著《梦溪笔谈》中对自然现象的阐释而闻名。这本书被广泛认为是中国古代一部重要的科学著作。关于《梦溪笔谈》的由来有这样一个故事。沈括三十多岁时，常常梦到一个地方。在梦里，他爬上一座小山，山顶长满了色彩鲜艳的花草树木。山脚下有一条清澈的溪流。后来，在游历途中，他惊讶地发现了一块和他梦中之地一模一样的地方。退休后，他在那里住了最后七年，将其命名为“梦溪园”，并写下了他一生的发现。
在《梦溪笔谈》中，他大量记录了自己游历全国时见到的动植物，比如南海的巨蚌、潮州的鳄鱼以及中国西北的枸杞。这本书还介绍了一些防治虫害的方法。
沈括是第一个发现指南针不是指向正北方，而是指向北磁极的人。他对化石也有很深的研究。在游览山西太行山时，他发现了贝壳化石，并注意到像这样的蛋形石头在海边地区很常见。这使他得出结论：在遥远的过去，山西曾经被海水覆盖。
沈括在许多领域比西方科学家领先数百年。他的著作《梦溪笔谈》是中国科学史上的一个里程碑。如今，这部令人惊叹的、已有900多年历史的著作已被翻译成多种不同的语言。
5. 关于《梦溪笔谈》，我们了解到什么？
A. 它描述了沈括的梦境。
B. 它的名字来源于他梦中的地方。
C. 它是沈括的1000部科学著作之一。
D. 《梦溪笔谈》是关于自然的。
6. 以下哪句话最能描述沈括？
A. 有其父必有其子。
B. 沉默是金。
C. 文武双全。
D. 熟能生巧。
7. 第四段中划线的单词“This”指的是什么？
A. 山西很久以前被海水覆盖。
B. 指南针指向正北方。
C. 沈括游览了山西的太行山。
D. 在山西发现了蛋形化石。