五、(2025·南京市鼓楼区部分学校期中)阅读理解。〔人与自然——自然生态〕
Sunshine, beaches and coconuts(椰子)—these are why people usually go to Hainan. But more than a good place for travellers and foodies, it's also a wonderland of plants and animals.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has well-kept tropical rainforests. President Xi Jinping visited it in April 2022. The national park covers an area of 4,269 square kilometres. More than 95 percent of the park is forest and the park is also home to 3,653 species(种) of vascular(维管的) plants and 540 species of terrestrial vertebrates(陆栖脊椎动物).
The park is the only home of the endangered primate(灵长目动物)—the Hainan gibbon(长臂猿). It's an uncommon species. Hainan gibbons look like monkeys, but have no tails. They live in the trees almost all their lives. Every morning, they whistle loudly to mark their territory(领地). They eat fruits and leaves from different plants. The number of Hainan gibbons has become larger from fewer than 10 in the 1980s to 36 in 2022. This shows China's achievements in environmental protection.
Not just a sweet home to animals, the park is a "live museum" of amazing plants. More than 400 kinds of plants grow only in Hainan. The Cycas hainanensis(海南苏铁) is a wild plant native to the island. With feather-like leaves, this plant can live to be 200 years old. If it lives in the Yangtze River Basin and North China, it grows almost without flowers or fruit. But in Hainan, Cycas hainanensis plants over 10 years old blossom(开花) and bear fruit almost every year, thanks to the warm and wet weather.
With so many plants and animals, the biodiversity index(指数) of the park—a number to rate species diversity—is as high as 6.28. It is comparable(可比较的) to that of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. That's why people call the park a treasure for both China and the world.
1. Paragraph 3 is mainly about
A. an introduction to Hainan gibbons
B. the views of the park
C. the news of the park's opening
D. details of rare plants and animals
2. What do we know about the Hainan gibbon?
A. It is a monkey without a tail.
B. Its voice sounds like a crying baby.
C. It lives on plants and birds.
D. It is a species only found in Hainan.
3. From the story, we can infer that a Cycas hainanensis plant
A. never blossoms or bears fruit
B. can only live for 10 years in Hainan
C. lives better in warm and wet weather
D. first blossoms when it is 10 years old
4. Which of the following may be the writer's opinion?
A. Human activities will surely hurt the rainforest.
B. We must start to do something for rare species.
C. China has done a great job in protecting the rainforest.
D. We should compare our rainforest with the Amazon rainforest.
Sunshine, beaches and coconuts(椰子)—these are why people usually go to Hainan. But more than a good place for travellers and foodies, it's also a wonderland of plants and animals.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has well-kept tropical rainforests. President Xi Jinping visited it in April 2022. The national park covers an area of 4,269 square kilometres. More than 95 percent of the park is forest and the park is also home to 3,653 species(种) of vascular(维管的) plants and 540 species of terrestrial vertebrates(陆栖脊椎动物).
The park is the only home of the endangered primate(灵长目动物)—the Hainan gibbon(长臂猿). It's an uncommon species. Hainan gibbons look like monkeys, but have no tails. They live in the trees almost all their lives. Every morning, they whistle loudly to mark their territory(领地). They eat fruits and leaves from different plants. The number of Hainan gibbons has become larger from fewer than 10 in the 1980s to 36 in 2022. This shows China's achievements in environmental protection.
Not just a sweet home to animals, the park is a "live museum" of amazing plants. More than 400 kinds of plants grow only in Hainan. The Cycas hainanensis(海南苏铁) is a wild plant native to the island. With feather-like leaves, this plant can live to be 200 years old. If it lives in the Yangtze River Basin and North China, it grows almost without flowers or fruit. But in Hainan, Cycas hainanensis plants over 10 years old blossom(开花) and bear fruit almost every year, thanks to the warm and wet weather.
With so many plants and animals, the biodiversity index(指数) of the park—a number to rate species diversity—is as high as 6.28. It is comparable(可比较的) to that of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. That's why people call the park a treasure for both China and the world.
1. Paragraph 3 is mainly about
A
.A. an introduction to Hainan gibbons
B. the views of the park
C. the news of the park's opening
D. details of rare plants and animals
2. What do we know about the Hainan gibbon?
A. It is a monkey without a tail.
B. Its voice sounds like a crying baby.
C. It lives on plants and birds.
D. It is a species only found in Hainan.
3. From the story, we can infer that a Cycas hainanensis plant
C
.A. never blossoms or bears fruit
B. can only live for 10 years in Hainan
C. lives better in warm and wet weather
D. first blossoms when it is 10 years old
4. Which of the following may be the writer's opinion?
A. Human activities will surely hurt the rainforest.
B. We must start to do something for rare species.
C. China has done a great job in protecting the rainforest.
D. We should compare our rainforest with the Amazon rainforest.
答案：1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C
解析：
【分析】
拿到这篇生态主题的阅读理解，我们可以按照先通读全文把握核心内容，再按题型逐个突破的思路解题：
1. 针对段落主旨类题目，直接定位对应段落，梳理段落核心描述对象，排除和段落内容不符的干扰选项；
2. 针对细节理解类题目，把每个选项的关键词带回原文比对，判断表述是否和原文完全一致，排除偷换概念、无中生有的错误选项；
3. 针对推理判断类题目，不能凭空猜测，要依托原文给出的相关描述推导符合逻辑的结论；
4. 针对作者观点类题目，找到原文直接体现作者态度的表述，匹配对应选项即可。
【解析】
1. 本题考查段落主旨：通读第3段可知，整段内容都围绕海南长臂猿展开，介绍了它的物种属性、外形特征、生活习性、种群数量变化，核心是对海南长臂猿的介绍。B选项“公园的景色”、C选项“公园开园的新闻”完全未在本段提及，D选项“稀有动植物的细节”不符合，本段仅介绍了长臂猿这一种动物，没有涉及植物内容，因此答案选A。
2. 本题考查细节辨析：
A选项错误：原文表述是“Hainan gibbons look like monkeys, but have no tails”，说明海南长臂猿只是外形像猴子，并非本身就是猴子，属于偷换概念；
B选项错误：全文没有提到海南长臂猿的声音像啼哭的婴儿，属于无中生有；
C选项错误：原文提到海南长臂猿吃不同植物的果实和叶片，并没有提到以鸟类为食，表述错误；
D选项正确：原文第3段明确说明海南热带雨林国家公园是海南长臂猿的唯一栖息地，说明该物种仅在海南分布，因此答案选D。
3. 本题考查推理判断：
A选项错误：原文提到海南树龄超过10年的海南苏铁几乎每年都会开花结果，并非从不开花结果；
B选项错误：原文明确说明海南苏铁可以活到200岁，并非在海南只能存活10年；
C选项正确：原文提到海南苏铁在长江流域和华北地区几乎不开花结果，而在海南得益于温暖湿润的气候，10年以上的植株几乎年年开花结果，说明它在温暖潮湿的环境下生长状态更好；
D选项错误：原文仅说明树龄超过10年的海南苏铁几乎每年开花，并没有提到它刚好10岁时第一次开花，表述不符合原文，因此答案选C。
4. 本题考查作者观点判断：
A选项错误：全文没有提到人类活动一定会伤害雨林的相关表述；
B选项错误：原文没有发出“我们必须开始为稀有物种做事”的呼吁，属于无中生有；
C选项正确：原文提到海南长臂猿的数量从20世纪80年代的不足10只增长到2022年的36只，明确指出这体现了中国在环境保护方面的成就，同时公园的生物多样性指数可媲美亚马逊雨林，都能体现作者认为中国在雨林保护方面做得很好的观点；
D选项错误：原文仅说明该公园的生物多样性指数和亚马逊雨林相当，并没有提出我们要把自己的雨林和亚马逊雨林做比较的观点，因此答案选C。
【知识点】
说明文阅读，细节信息定位，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
这篇阅读理解选取了海南热带雨林国家公园的生态相关素材，贴合“人与自然”的主题，题目设置覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的主旨题、细节题、推断题三类题型，干扰项多采用偷换概念、无中生有的设置方式，能够有效锻炼学生精准定位原文信息、甄别错误表述的阅读能力，同时引导学生关注我国的生态保护成就。
【难度系数】
0.65
拿到这篇生态主题的阅读理解，我们可以按照先通读全文把握核心内容，再按题型逐个突破的思路解题：
1. 针对段落主旨类题目，直接定位对应段落，梳理段落核心描述对象，排除和段落内容不符的干扰选项；
2. 针对细节理解类题目，把每个选项的关键词带回原文比对，判断表述是否和原文完全一致，排除偷换概念、无中生有的错误选项；
3. 针对推理判断类题目，不能凭空猜测，要依托原文给出的相关描述推导符合逻辑的结论；
4. 针对作者观点类题目，找到原文直接体现作者态度的表述，匹配对应选项即可。
【解析】
1. 本题考查段落主旨：通读第3段可知，整段内容都围绕海南长臂猿展开，介绍了它的物种属性、外形特征、生活习性、种群数量变化，核心是对海南长臂猿的介绍。B选项“公园的景色”、C选项“公园开园的新闻”完全未在本段提及，D选项“稀有动植物的细节”不符合，本段仅介绍了长臂猿这一种动物，没有涉及植物内容，因此答案选A。
2. 本题考查细节辨析：
A选项错误：原文表述是“Hainan gibbons look like monkeys, but have no tails”，说明海南长臂猿只是外形像猴子，并非本身就是猴子，属于偷换概念；
B选项错误：全文没有提到海南长臂猿的声音像啼哭的婴儿，属于无中生有；
C选项错误：原文提到海南长臂猿吃不同植物的果实和叶片，并没有提到以鸟类为食，表述错误；
D选项正确：原文第3段明确说明海南热带雨林国家公园是海南长臂猿的唯一栖息地，说明该物种仅在海南分布，因此答案选D。
3. 本题考查推理判断：
A选项错误：原文提到海南树龄超过10年的海南苏铁几乎每年都会开花结果，并非从不开花结果；
B选项错误：原文明确说明海南苏铁可以活到200岁，并非在海南只能存活10年；
C选项正确：原文提到海南苏铁在长江流域和华北地区几乎不开花结果，而在海南得益于温暖湿润的气候，10年以上的植株几乎年年开花结果，说明它在温暖潮湿的环境下生长状态更好；
D选项错误：原文仅说明树龄超过10年的海南苏铁几乎每年开花，并没有提到它刚好10岁时第一次开花，表述不符合原文，因此答案选C。
4. 本题考查作者观点判断：
A选项错误：全文没有提到人类活动一定会伤害雨林的相关表述；
B选项错误：原文没有发出“我们必须开始为稀有物种做事”的呼吁，属于无中生有；
C选项正确：原文提到海南长臂猿的数量从20世纪80年代的不足10只增长到2022年的36只，明确指出这体现了中国在环境保护方面的成就，同时公园的生物多样性指数可媲美亚马逊雨林，都能体现作者认为中国在雨林保护方面做得很好的观点；
D选项错误：原文仅说明该公园的生物多样性指数和亚马逊雨林相当，并没有提出我们要把自己的雨林和亚马逊雨林做比较的观点，因此答案选C。
【知识点】
说明文阅读，细节信息定位，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
这篇阅读理解选取了海南热带雨林国家公园的生态相关素材，贴合“人与自然”的主题，题目设置覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的主旨题、细节题、推断题三类题型，干扰项多采用偷换概念、无中生有的设置方式，能够有效锻炼学生精准定位原文信息、甄别错误表述的阅读能力，同时引导学生关注我国的生态保护成就。
【难度系数】
0.65