五、阅读理解。〔人与社会——科技进步〕
In April 2025, an event took place in Beijing. It was a marathon(马拉松赛跑). But this marathon was not only for people. Robots ran too. This was the first time that robots and people had run in the same half - marathon.
The marathon was in E - Town. There were about 12,000 people and over 20 robots competing(参加比赛)in it. The robots had a human - like appearance and walked or ran on two legs. Wheels were not allowed. Humans and robots used separate lanes to avoid accidents.
There was a robot named Xiaomai. It was 1.74 metres tall. A Chinese company had made it. Videos showed Xiaomai running on roads near Taihu Lake. It ran as fast as people. Workers in the company had spent some time making Xiaomai better. They worked on its balance, how it stood, and how long it could run. The marathon was 21.0975 kilometres long. Another robot, Tiangong Ultra, could run at a speed of 10 km per hour. It was also training hard before the event.
There were some rules for robot competitors. They could change batteries in the race. Teams could change robots, but each change would bring a punishment. For example, for the first change, they would get a 10 - minute *penalty*. Cash prizes were given to the top 3 finishers. There were also special awards for robots.
This marathon showed China wanted to be good at making robots. It was getting ready for the 2025 World Robot Conference. Organizers wanted to show how good robot technology was. They also wanted people to talk about how robots and people could work together in the future.
1. The underlined word "penalty" in Paragraph 4 probably means "
A. a reward for good performance
B. a punishment for breaking rules
C. a chance to restart the race
D. a tool to help robots run better
2. We can infer from the passage that
A. robots with wheels were allowed to take part in the marathon
B. Xiaomai was not as fast as an average human runner
C. the marathon was a preparation for the 2025 World Robot Conference
D. robot teams could change their robots without any restrictions
3. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. To introduce a special half - marathon where humans and robots competed together.
B. To tell readers about two famous robots, Xiaomai and Tiangong Ultra.
C. To explain the rules for robot competitors in marathons.
D. To show the development of robot technology in the world.
In April 2025, an event took place in Beijing. It was a marathon(马拉松赛跑). But this marathon was not only for people. Robots ran too. This was the first time that robots and people had run in the same half - marathon.
The marathon was in E - Town. There were about 12,000 people and over 20 robots competing(参加比赛)in it. The robots had a human - like appearance and walked or ran on two legs. Wheels were not allowed. Humans and robots used separate lanes to avoid accidents.
There was a robot named Xiaomai. It was 1.74 metres tall. A Chinese company had made it. Videos showed Xiaomai running on roads near Taihu Lake. It ran as fast as people. Workers in the company had spent some time making Xiaomai better. They worked on its balance, how it stood, and how long it could run. The marathon was 21.0975 kilometres long. Another robot, Tiangong Ultra, could run at a speed of 10 km per hour. It was also training hard before the event.
There were some rules for robot competitors. They could change batteries in the race. Teams could change robots, but each change would bring a punishment. For example, for the first change, they would get a 10 - minute *penalty*. Cash prizes were given to the top 3 finishers. There were also special awards for robots.
This marathon showed China wanted to be good at making robots. It was getting ready for the 2025 World Robot Conference. Organizers wanted to show how good robot technology was. They also wanted people to talk about how robots and people could work together in the future.
1. The underlined word "penalty" in Paragraph 4 probably means "
B
".A. a reward for good performance
B. a punishment for breaking rules
C. a chance to restart the race
D. a tool to help robots run better
2. We can infer from the passage that
C
.A. robots with wheels were allowed to take part in the marathon
B. Xiaomai was not as fast as an average human runner
C. the marathon was a preparation for the 2025 World Robot Conference
D. robot teams could change their robots without any restrictions
3. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. To introduce a special half - marathon where humans and robots competed together.
B. To tell readers about two famous robots, Xiaomai and Tiangong Ultra.
C. To explain the rules for robot competitors in marathons.
D. To show the development of robot technology in the world.
答案：1. B
2. C
3. A
2. C
3. A
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇科技主题的阅读理解，包含词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意三类典型阅读题型，解题思路如下：1. 做词义猜测题时先定位单词所在段落，联系前后文的逻辑提示推导词义；2. 做推理判断题时将每个选项逐一返回原文定位，和原文表述比对，排除和原文矛盾的干扰项；3. 做主旨大意题时梳理全文核心描述的事件，排除仅覆盖局部段落内容的片面选项，选出最贴合全文核心的答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到第4段，前文明确说明“参赛队伍可以更换机器人，但每一次更换都会带来处罚”，紧接着举例第一次更换会产生10分钟的penalty，由此可知penalty指的是违规后的处罚，对应选项B。A选项“对优秀表现的奖励”、C选项“重新参赛的机会”、D选项“帮助机器人跑得更快的工具”均不符合前后文逻辑，因此选B。
2. 第2题：逐一比对选项和原文内容：
选项A：原文第二段明确提到“Wheels were not allowed（不允许使用轮子）”，和A表述矛盾，排除；
选项B：原文第三段提到Xiaomai“It ran as fast as people（它和人类跑得一样快）”，和B表述矛盾，排除；
选项C：原文最后一段提到“It was getting ready for the 2025 World Robot Conference（这场赛事是为2025世界机器人大会做准备）”，表述完全吻合，正确；
选项D：原文第四段说明更换机器人会带来处罚，并非没有任何限制，和D表述矛盾，排除。因此选C。
3. 第3题：全文围绕2025年北京举办的首届人类与机器人共同参赛的半程马拉松展开，依次介绍了赛事基本信息、参赛机器人特点、赛事规则、活动意义，核心是介绍这场特殊的马拉松赛事。选项B仅对应第三段的局部内容，选项C仅对应第四段的局部内容，选项D表述的“全球机器人技术发展”和原文介绍中国本次赛事的核心不符，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A
【知识点】
阅读理解词义猜测
阅读理解细节判断
阅读理解主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的科普类阅读理解，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读的三类高频题型，解题的核心技巧是所有选项都要回到原文找到对应依据，避免主观臆断，做主旨题时要注意区分全文核心事件和段落局部信息，不要被以偏概全的干扰项误导。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇科技主题的阅读理解，包含词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意三类典型阅读题型，解题思路如下：1. 做词义猜测题时先定位单词所在段落，联系前后文的逻辑提示推导词义；2. 做推理判断题时将每个选项逐一返回原文定位，和原文表述比对，排除和原文矛盾的干扰项；3. 做主旨大意题时梳理全文核心描述的事件，排除仅覆盖局部段落内容的片面选项，选出最贴合全文核心的答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到第4段，前文明确说明“参赛队伍可以更换机器人，但每一次更换都会带来处罚”，紧接着举例第一次更换会产生10分钟的penalty，由此可知penalty指的是违规后的处罚，对应选项B。A选项“对优秀表现的奖励”、C选项“重新参赛的机会”、D选项“帮助机器人跑得更快的工具”均不符合前后文逻辑，因此选B。
2. 第2题：逐一比对选项和原文内容：
选项A：原文第二段明确提到“Wheels were not allowed（不允许使用轮子）”，和A表述矛盾，排除；
选项B：原文第三段提到Xiaomai“It ran as fast as people（它和人类跑得一样快）”，和B表述矛盾，排除；
选项C：原文最后一段提到“It was getting ready for the 2025 World Robot Conference（这场赛事是为2025世界机器人大会做准备）”，表述完全吻合，正确；
选项D：原文第四段说明更换机器人会带来处罚，并非没有任何限制，和D表述矛盾，排除。因此选C。
3. 第3题：全文围绕2025年北京举办的首届人类与机器人共同参赛的半程马拉松展开，依次介绍了赛事基本信息、参赛机器人特点、赛事规则、活动意义，核心是介绍这场特殊的马拉松赛事。选项B仅对应第三段的局部内容，选项C仅对应第四段的局部内容，选项D表述的“全球机器人技术发展”和原文介绍中国本次赛事的核心不符，因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A
【知识点】
阅读理解词义猜测
阅读理解细节判断
阅读理解主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的科普类阅读理解，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读的三类高频题型，解题的核心技巧是所有选项都要回到原文找到对应依据，避免主观臆断，做主旨题时要注意区分全文核心事件和段落局部信息，不要被以偏概全的干扰项误导。
【难度系数】
0.7