四、根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整,每空限一词。
Mrs Brown had a small garden behind her house, and in spring she p 1 some vegetables in it. She looked after them very c 2, and when summer came, they looked very nice.
One evening, Mrs Brown looked at her vegetables h 3 and said, “Tomorrow I am going to p 4 them, and we can eat them. ” Early in the next morning, her son r 5 into the kitchen and shouted, “Mother! Mother! Come q 6! Our neighbour's ducks are in the garden and they are e 7 our vegetables!” Mrs Brown ran out, but it was too late!
All the vegetables were eaten up! Mrs Brown cried l 8, and her neighbour was very sorry, but that was the end of the vegetables.
A few days before Christmas, the neighbour b 9 Mrs Brown a parcel. On it was a p 10 of paper with the words “Enjoy your vegetables!” and in it was a tasty, fat duck.
1.
6.
Mrs Brown had a small garden behind her house, and in spring she p 1 some vegetables in it. She looked after them very c 2, and when summer came, they looked very nice.
One evening, Mrs Brown looked at her vegetables h 3 and said, “Tomorrow I am going to p 4 them, and we can eat them. ” Early in the next morning, her son r 5 into the kitchen and shouted, “Mother! Mother! Come q 6! Our neighbour's ducks are in the garden and they are e 7 our vegetables!” Mrs Brown ran out, but it was too late!
All the vegetables were eaten up! Mrs Brown cried l 8, and her neighbour was very sorry, but that was the end of the vegetables.
A few days before Christmas, the neighbour b 9 Mrs Brown a parcel. On it was a p 10 of paper with the words “Enjoy your vegetables!” and in it was a tasty, fat duck.
1.
planted
2. carefully
3. happily
4. pick
5. ran
6.
quickly
7. eating
8. loudly
9. brought
10. piece
答案：1. planted 2. carefully 3. happily 4. pick 5. ran 6. quickly 7. eating 8. loudly 9. brought 10. piece
解析：
【分析】
做这类首字母填空题型，首先要先通读完整短文，理清故事整体脉络：本文讲述了布朗太太种的蔬菜被邻居的鸭子吃光，邻居后续送鸭子作为补偿的趣味小故事，同时能判断全文叙事基调以一般过去时为主。接下来逐个分析每个空格：先结合空格前后的句子逻辑、首字母提示判断所需单词的含义，再根据空格处要充当的句子成分确定词性，最后结合时态、固定搭配等规则变形得到正确答案，填完后还要通读检查语义是否通顺、形式是否正确。
【解析】
1. 句意：春天她在花园里种了一些蔬菜。首字母为p，结合语境“种蔬菜”，全文是一般过去时，动词plant要变为过去式planted。
2. 句意：她非常细心地照料它们。首字母为c，此处修饰动词短语looked after，需要用副词，表达“仔细地、细心地”含义，填carefully。
3. 句意：一天晚上，布朗太太开心地看着她的蔬菜。首字母为h，前文提到蔬菜长得很好，所以她的心情是愉悦的，修饰动词looked用副词happily，意为“开心地”。
4. 句意：明天我打算采摘它们，我们就能吃了。首字母为p，be going to结构后接动词原形，表达“采摘（蔬菜）”的含义，填pick。
5. 句意：第二天一大早，她的儿子冲进厨房大喊。首字母为r，表达“跑”的含义，一般过去时，run的过去式是ran。
6. 句意：快来！首字母为q，修饰动词come，需要用副词，表达“快速地”含义，填quickly。
7. 句意：我们邻居的鸭子在花园里，它们正在吃我们的蔬菜！首字母为e，前面有be动词are，是现在进行时结构be doing，填eat的现在分词eating。
8. 句意：布朗太太大声哭起来。首字母为l，修饰动词cried，用副词表达“大声地”含义，填loudly。
9. 句意：圣诞节前几天，邻居给布朗太太带来了一个包裹。首字母为b，表达“带来”的含义，一般过去时，bring的过去式是brought。
10. 句意：包裹上有一张纸条写着“享用你的蔬菜！”。首字母为p，固定搭配a piece of paper表示“一张纸”，填piece。
【答案】
1. planted 2. carefully 3. happily 4. pick 5. ran 6. quickly 7. eating 8. loudly 9. brought 10. piece
【知识点】
首字母填空，动词时态，固定搭配
【点评】
本题是典型的初中记叙文类首字母填空题，故事生动易懂，整体难度不高。解题核心是先抓住全文一般过去时的叙事基调，结合上下文语境推断词义，同时要注意副词修饰动词、现在进行时结构等语法规则，平时要多积累常见的固定短语，避免出现词义对但形式写错的失分情况。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类首字母填空题型，首先要先通读完整短文，理清故事整体脉络：本文讲述了布朗太太种的蔬菜被邻居的鸭子吃光，邻居后续送鸭子作为补偿的趣味小故事，同时能判断全文叙事基调以一般过去时为主。接下来逐个分析每个空格：先结合空格前后的句子逻辑、首字母提示判断所需单词的含义，再根据空格处要充当的句子成分确定词性，最后结合时态、固定搭配等规则变形得到正确答案，填完后还要通读检查语义是否通顺、形式是否正确。
【解析】
1. 句意：春天她在花园里种了一些蔬菜。首字母为p，结合语境“种蔬菜”，全文是一般过去时，动词plant要变为过去式planted。
2. 句意：她非常细心地照料它们。首字母为c，此处修饰动词短语looked after，需要用副词，表达“仔细地、细心地”含义，填carefully。
3. 句意：一天晚上，布朗太太开心地看着她的蔬菜。首字母为h，前文提到蔬菜长得很好，所以她的心情是愉悦的，修饰动词looked用副词happily，意为“开心地”。
4. 句意：明天我打算采摘它们，我们就能吃了。首字母为p，be going to结构后接动词原形，表达“采摘（蔬菜）”的含义，填pick。
5. 句意：第二天一大早，她的儿子冲进厨房大喊。首字母为r，表达“跑”的含义，一般过去时，run的过去式是ran。
6. 句意：快来！首字母为q，修饰动词come，需要用副词，表达“快速地”含义，填quickly。
7. 句意：我们邻居的鸭子在花园里，它们正在吃我们的蔬菜！首字母为e，前面有be动词are，是现在进行时结构be doing，填eat的现在分词eating。
8. 句意：布朗太太大声哭起来。首字母为l，修饰动词cried，用副词表达“大声地”含义，填loudly。
9. 句意：圣诞节前几天，邻居给布朗太太带来了一个包裹。首字母为b，表达“带来”的含义，一般过去时，bring的过去式是brought。
10. 句意：包裹上有一张纸条写着“享用你的蔬菜！”。首字母为p，固定搭配a piece of paper表示“一张纸”，填piece。
【答案】
1. planted 2. carefully 3. happily 4. pick 5. ran 6. quickly 7. eating 8. loudly 9. brought 10. piece
【知识点】
首字母填空，动词时态，固定搭配
【点评】
本题是典型的初中记叙文类首字母填空题，故事生动易懂，整体难度不高。解题核心是先抓住全文一般过去时的叙事基调，结合上下文语境推断词义，同时要注意副词修饰动词、现在进行时结构等语法规则，平时要多积累常见的固定短语，避免出现词义对但形式写错的失分情况。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、阅读理解。
Dogs really are man's best friends. A new study shows that dogs can smell if a person is feeling stressed(有压力的).
They can smell the difference in breath(呼吸) and sweat(汗液) from people. Then they can tell whether people are stressed or not. It could be 93. 75% right!
A study from scientists at Queen's University Belfast, the UK, said this. Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem. They looked at the people's heart rate(心率), blood pressure(血压) and stress level(压力水平) in the study. The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93. 75% of the time, reported Australian news site *Kids News*.
“Stress changes people's breath and sweat. Dogs can smell that change,” said the study's writer Clara Wilson. In the study, she also said this finding helps us understand how dogs may know people's thoughts and feelings.
(
A. By making friends with people.
B. By smelling people's breath and sweat.
C. By working with people for a long time.
D. By watching people do maths problems.
(
A. Over 700 people took part in it.
B. High school students in the UK did it.
C. It used dogs from Australia.
D. It helped people be friendly to dogs.
(
A. Dogs.
B. Students.
C. Scientists.
D. Schools.
Dogs really are man's best friends. A new study shows that dogs can smell if a person is feeling stressed(有压力的).
They can smell the difference in breath(呼吸) and sweat(汗液) from people. Then they can tell whether people are stressed or not. It could be 93. 75% right!
A study from scientists at Queen's University Belfast, the UK, said this. Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem. They looked at the people's heart rate(心率), blood pressure(血压) and stress level(压力水平) in the study. The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93. 75% of the time, reported Australian news site *Kids News*.
“Stress changes people's breath and sweat. Dogs can smell that change,” said the study's writer Clara Wilson. In the study, she also said this finding helps us understand how dogs may know people's thoughts and feelings.
(
B
)1. How can dogs tell whether people are stressed or not?A. By making friends with people.
B. By smelling people's breath and sweat.
C. By working with people for a long time.
D. By watching people do maths problems.
(
A
)2. What do we know about the study?A. Over 700 people took part in it.
B. High school students in the UK did it.
C. It used dogs from Australia.
D. It helped people be friendly to dogs.
(
C
)3. What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to(指代)?A. Dogs.
B. Students.
C. Scientists.
D. Schools.
答案：1. B 【点拨】根据“They can smell the difference in they can tell whether people are stressed or not. It could be 93.75% right!”可知,它们通过闻人们的呼吸和汗水来判断。故选 B。
2. A 【点拨】根据“The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93.75% of the time, reported Australian news site Kids News.”可知,超过 700 人参加了这次活动。故选 A。
3. C 【点拨】根据“Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem. They looked at the people's heart rate (心率), blood pressure(血压) and stress level(压力水平) in the study.”可知,They 指代的是“Scientists”。故选 C。
2. A 【点拨】根据“The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93.75% of the time, reported Australian news site Kids News.”可知,超过 700 人参加了这次活动。故选 A。
3. C 【点拨】根据“Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem. They looked at the people's heart rate (心率), blood pressure(血压) and stress level(压力水平) in the study.”可知,They 指代的是“Scientists”。故选 C。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，全部为细节类题型，解题思路清晰易懂：首先先浏览3道题的题干，标记每道题的核心关键词，再带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位，找到和题干描述匹配的原文内容，逐一比对选项就能选出正确答案。第1题核心关键词是狗判断人有压力的方式，直接定位到原文第二段找对应描述；第2题核心关键词是研究的相关信息，回到第三段逐一核对细节、排除错误选项；第3题是代词指代题，直接结合划线词前一句的主语和上下文逻辑，就能判断指代对象。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第二段第一句“They can smell the difference in breath(呼吸) and sweat(汗液) from people. Then they can tell whether people are stressed or not.”，可知狗是通过闻人类的呼吸和汗液来判断人是否有压力，对应选项B。A选项“和人类做朋友”、C选项“和人类长期共事”、D选项“看人类做数学题”原文均未提及，全部排除。
2. 第2题：根据原文第三段最后一句“The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93. 75% of the time”，可知本次研究共有720名参与者，人数超过700，A选项表述正确。B选项“英国的高中生完成了这项研究”错误，研究是英国贝尔法斯特女王大学的科学家开展的；C选项“研究使用来自澳大利亚的狗”错误，原文仅提到澳大利亚新闻网站Kids News报道了该研究，没有提到狗来自澳大利亚；D选项“这项研究帮助人们对狗更友好”原文没有相关表述，排除B、C、D。
3. 第3题：划线词They的前一句是“Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem.”，前一句的动作发出者是科学家，本句“他们在研究中观察人们的心率、血压和压力水平”的动作发出者和前一句保持一致，因此They指代的是Scientists，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，代词指代辨析
【点评】
本题属于低难度的科普类阅读，所有题目都可以通过回原文直接定位找到答案，不需要复杂的逻辑推断，适合用来锻炼学生快速从文本中抓取关键信息的能力，做题时只要仔细比对原文和选项的表述，避开无中生有的干扰项，就很容易拿到满分。
【难度系数】
0.85
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，全部为细节类题型，解题思路清晰易懂：首先先浏览3道题的题干，标记每道题的核心关键词，再带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位，找到和题干描述匹配的原文内容，逐一比对选项就能选出正确答案。第1题核心关键词是狗判断人有压力的方式，直接定位到原文第二段找对应描述；第2题核心关键词是研究的相关信息，回到第三段逐一核对细节、排除错误选项；第3题是代词指代题，直接结合划线词前一句的主语和上下文逻辑，就能判断指代对象。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第二段第一句“They can smell the difference in breath(呼吸) and sweat(汗液) from people. Then they can tell whether people are stressed or not.”，可知狗是通过闻人类的呼吸和汗液来判断人是否有压力，对应选项B。A选项“和人类做朋友”、C选项“和人类长期共事”、D选项“看人类做数学题”原文均未提及，全部排除。
2. 第2题：根据原文第三段最后一句“The dogs found stress in 675 of the 720 people, or 93. 75% of the time”，可知本次研究共有720名参与者，人数超过700，A选项表述正确。B选项“英国的高中生完成了这项研究”错误，研究是英国贝尔法斯特女王大学的科学家开展的；C选项“研究使用来自澳大利亚的狗”错误，原文仅提到澳大利亚新闻网站Kids News报道了该研究，没有提到狗来自澳大利亚；D选项“这项研究帮助人们对狗更友好”原文没有相关表述，排除B、C、D。
3. 第3题：划线词They的前一句是“Scientists got breath and sweat from people both before and after doing a hard maths problem.”，前一句的动作发出者是科学家，本句“他们在研究中观察人们的心率、血压和压力水平”的动作发出者和前一句保持一致，因此They指代的是Scientists，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，代词指代辨析
【点评】
本题属于低难度的科普类阅读，所有题目都可以通过回原文直接定位找到答案，不需要复杂的逻辑推断，适合用来锻炼学生快速从文本中抓取关键信息的能力，做题时只要仔细比对原文和选项的表述，避开无中生有的干扰项，就很容易拿到满分。
【难度系数】
0.85