六、任务型阅读。
阅读短文，回答下列问题。
Everybody knows that cats like to sleep. They spend more than half of their lives sleeping and enjoy every minute of it. Other animals have different sleeping habits, however. Horses may not look like they are asleep. But they are! Horses spend about six hours sleeping every day and they do it standing up!
Fish also sleep every day but they have a strange habit. They don’t close their eyes when they are sleeping. When ducks sleep they keep one eye open and half of the brain awake. It helps them stay alert(警觉的) and watch out for dangerous animals.
So what about humans? Well, most people sleep for about a third of their lives. The number of hours you sleep, however, has to do with your age. Most newborn(新生的) babies sleep a lot. They spend about 75% of their time sleeping every day! As you get older, you need less sleep. Children need about eleven hours of sleep and adults sleep about eight hours every night. So, you spend many hours a year doing nothing—just sleeping in bed!
But you’re not just asleep—you’re not really doing nothing. Your body and your mind relax during this time, and a lot of things happen during sleep. Dreams are one way that the mind relaxes after a busy day. A person spends about 20% of every night dreaming. That means you have about four or five dreams every night and about 1,600 dreams a year.
注：每题答案不超过 5 个词。
1. How do horses sleep?
2. How long do most newborn babies sleep one day?
3. How many hours do adults sleep less than children?
4. How do fish sleep?
5. According to the writer, what’s the way that the mind relaxes after a busy day?
阅读短文，回答下列问题。
Everybody knows that cats like to sleep. They spend more than half of their lives sleeping and enjoy every minute of it. Other animals have different sleeping habits, however. Horses may not look like they are asleep. But they are! Horses spend about six hours sleeping every day and they do it standing up!
Fish also sleep every day but they have a strange habit. They don’t close their eyes when they are sleeping. When ducks sleep they keep one eye open and half of the brain awake. It helps them stay alert(警觉的) and watch out for dangerous animals.
So what about humans? Well, most people sleep for about a third of their lives. The number of hours you sleep, however, has to do with your age. Most newborn(新生的) babies sleep a lot. They spend about 75% of their time sleeping every day! As you get older, you need less sleep. Children need about eleven hours of sleep and adults sleep about eight hours every night. So, you spend many hours a year doing nothing—just sleeping in bed!
But you’re not just asleep—you’re not really doing nothing. Your body and your mind relax during this time, and a lot of things happen during sleep. Dreams are one way that the mind relaxes after a busy day. A person spends about 20% of every night dreaming. That means you have about four or five dreams every night and about 1,600 dreams a year.
注：每题答案不超过 5 个词。
1. How do horses sleep?
They stand up to sleep.
2. How long do most newborn babies sleep one day?
For about 18 hours.
3. How many hours do adults sleep less than children?
Three hours.
4. How do fish sleep?
They sleep with eyes open.
5. According to the writer, what’s the way that the mind relaxes after a busy day?
By dreaming.
答案：1. They stand up to sleep. 2. For about 18 hours. 3. Three hours. 4. They sleep with eyes open. 5. By dreaming.
解析：
【分析】
做这道任务型阅读题，首先要明确题干要求所有答案不超过5个词，解题思路是先带着每个问题的关键词回到原文定位对应段落，找到相关语句后提取核心信息，部分涉及时长计算的题目结合常识换算成对应数值，最后核对答案字数符合要求即可。比如第一题找马的睡眠方式，直接定位第一段末尾关于马的描述；第二题找新生儿睡眠时长，先定位第三段新生儿相关内容，用一天24小时乘以75%算出总时长，其余题目同理定位提取信息。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段末尾句“Horses spend about six hours sleeping every day and they do it standing up!”，提取核心信息可知马是站着睡觉的，得到对应答案。
2. 定位第三段“Most newborn babies sleep a lot. They spend about 75% of their time sleeping every day!”，一天共24小时，24×75%=18，可知新生儿一天大约睡18小时，得到对应答案。
3. 定位第三段“Children need about eleven hours of sleep and adults sleep about eight hours every night”，11-8=3，可知成人比儿童少睡3小时，得到对应答案。
4. 定位第二段“Fish also sleep every day but they have a strange habit. They don’t close their eyes when they are sleeping.”，提炼核心信息可知鱼睁着眼睛睡觉，得到对应答案。
5. 定位最后一段“Dreams are one way that the mind relaxes after a busy day.”，精简信息可知大脑忙碌一天后放松的方式是做梦，得到对应答案。
【答案】
1. They stand up to sleep.
2. For about 18 hours.
3. Three hours.
4. They sleep with eyes open.
5. By dreaming.
【知识点】
任务型阅读，细节定位，信息整合
【点评】
本题围绕不同生物的睡眠习惯展开，话题贴近生活，难度较低，重点考察学生快速定位原文细节、筛选整合关键信息的能力，同时设置了两处简单的时长计算小考点，还要求学生严格遵守答案不超过5个词的限制，能有效锻炼学生的信息精简能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
做这道任务型阅读题，首先要明确题干要求所有答案不超过5个词，解题思路是先带着每个问题的关键词回到原文定位对应段落，找到相关语句后提取核心信息，部分涉及时长计算的题目结合常识换算成对应数值，最后核对答案字数符合要求即可。比如第一题找马的睡眠方式，直接定位第一段末尾关于马的描述；第二题找新生儿睡眠时长，先定位第三段新生儿相关内容，用一天24小时乘以75%算出总时长，其余题目同理定位提取信息。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段末尾句“Horses spend about six hours sleeping every day and they do it standing up!”，提取核心信息可知马是站着睡觉的，得到对应答案。
2. 定位第三段“Most newborn babies sleep a lot. They spend about 75% of their time sleeping every day!”，一天共24小时，24×75%=18，可知新生儿一天大约睡18小时，得到对应答案。
3. 定位第三段“Children need about eleven hours of sleep and adults sleep about eight hours every night”，11-8=3，可知成人比儿童少睡3小时，得到对应答案。
4. 定位第二段“Fish also sleep every day but they have a strange habit. They don’t close their eyes when they are sleeping.”，提炼核心信息可知鱼睁着眼睛睡觉，得到对应答案。
5. 定位最后一段“Dreams are one way that the mind relaxes after a busy day.”，精简信息可知大脑忙碌一天后放松的方式是做梦，得到对应答案。
【答案】
1. They stand up to sleep.
2. For about 18 hours.
3. Three hours.
4. They sleep with eyes open.
5. By dreaming.
【知识点】
任务型阅读，细节定位，信息整合
【点评】
本题围绕不同生物的睡眠习惯展开，话题贴近生活，难度较低，重点考察学生快速定位原文细节、筛选整合关键信息的能力，同时设置了两处简单的时长计算小考点，还要求学生严格遵守答案不超过5个词的限制，能有效锻炼学生的信息精简能力。
【难度系数】
0.8