Ⅵ. 中考趋势 短文还原
从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余。
You are looking at a website and an advertisement jumps out, asking for donations to people in need of warm clothes. You pay for a few items at a drugstore and the clerk asks if you'd like to donate school supplies to less fortunate children. Opportunities to give money to those in need are everywhere. 1.
According to a new study in the Journal of Consumer Research, a major factor may decide whether we donate. It is where we stand on two moral qualities: empathy (共情) and a sense of justice (正义). They often appear to pull us in two different directions. 2.
For the study, researchers asked people to donate to charities. In the charities, the donors believed the sufferers were responsible for their own situation (such as those who cannot keep a job due to alcohol use). 4.
5.
A. Then you will probably not give any money.
B. This suggests that creativity can increase generosity.
C. But which situations drive you to reach for your wallet?
D. So, trying to keep a balance between them can be difficult.
E. Empathy is considered a great power among several factors.
F. So next time, think about whether empathy is guiding your decision.
G. And some participants considered it immoral to donate to such persons.
从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余。
You are looking at a website and an advertisement jumps out, asking for donations to people in need of warm clothes. You pay for a few items at a drugstore and the clerk asks if you'd like to donate school supplies to less fortunate children. Opportunities to give money to those in need are everywhere. 1.
C
Does it depend on your mood? Or does it depend on who's watching?According to a new study in the Journal of Consumer Research, a major factor may decide whether we donate. It is where we stand on two moral qualities: empathy (共情) and a sense of justice (正义). They often appear to pull us in two different directions. 2.
D
For example, you believe that a homeless man has caused his own situation and he could have made better choices. 3. A
On the other hand, if you can understand the pain causing him to slip into the hopeless situation, you would tend to give.For the study, researchers asked people to donate to charities. In the charities, the donors believed the sufferers were responsible for their own situation (such as those who cannot keep a job due to alcohol use). 4.
G
Furthermore, if the participants (参与者) felt that they almost always made moral choices, they seemed to feel less empathic towards the sufferers and were less likely to donate money.5.
E
It's empathy that connects us and encourages us to reach out. In fact, any type of suffering can help us relate to another person's suffering, prompting (促使) us to reach out and help. Actually, when asked to recall their own past immoral behaviours, the participants seemed able to empathize more with those sufferers. As a result, they were more likely to donate.A. Then you will probably not give any money.
B. This suggests that creativity can increase generosity.
C. But which situations drive you to reach for your wallet?
D. So, trying to keep a balance between them can be difficult.
E. Empathy is considered a great power among several factors.
F. So next time, think about whether empathy is guiding your decision.
G. And some participants considered it immoral to donate to such persons.
答案：Ⅵ. 1 - 5 CDAGE
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了影响人们捐款决策的两个主要道德品质因素：共情和正义感，并说明了共情在促使人们捐款中的重要作用。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了影响人们捐款决策的两个主要道德品质因素：共情和正义感，并说明了共情在促使人们捐款中的重要作用。
解析：
【分析】
首先，我们需要通读全文，明确文章主旨是探讨影响人们捐款决策的两大道德品质因素——共情和正义感。接着逐个分析每个空的上下文语境，通过梳理句子间的逻辑关系（如承接、因果、总结等）来匹配合适的选项：
1. 第1空：前文点明捐款机会无处不在，后文用问句提出影响捐款的可能因素，此处需一个过渡问句引出“哪些情况会促使捐款”的话题；
2. 第2空：前文指出共情和正义感常将人们引向不同方向，接下来应总结二者难以平衡的特点；
3. 第3空：前文假设认为无家可归者的处境是自身造成的，按照逻辑会得出“不愿捐款”的结论；
4. 第4空：前文提到研究中捐赠者认为受难者需对自身处境负责，后文说明自认为常做道德选择的参与者更不愿捐款，此处需衔接“部分参与者对给这类人捐款的态度”；
5. 第5空：后文重点阐述共情的作用，此处需引出共情的重要性来总领段落。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提及捐款机会随处可见，后文以问句探讨影响捐款的因素，选项C“But which situations drive you to reach for your wallet?”（但哪些情况会让你愿意掏钱呢？）承接上下文，引出对捐款触发条件的疑问，符合逻辑，故选C。
2. 第2空：前文指出共情和正义感这两种道德品质常将人们引向不同方向，选项D“So, trying to keep a balance between them can be difficult.”（因此，试图在两者之间保持平衡可能很难。）是对前文的合理总结，衔接自然，故选D。
3. 第3空：前文假设你认为无家可归者的处境是自身造成的，选项A“Then you will probably not give any money.”（那你很可能不会捐钱。）与前文假设形成因果关系，符合语境，故选A。
4. 第4空：前文提到研究中捐赠者认为受难者需对自身处境负责（如因酗酒失业的人），后文说明自认为常做道德选择的参与者更不愿捐款，选项G“And some participants considered it immoral to donate to such persons.”（并且一些参与者认为给这类人捐款是不道德的。）承接研究场景，与后文内容呼应，故选G。
5. 第5空：后文重点阐述共情在促使人们捐款中的作用，选项E“Empathy is considered a great power among several factors.”（在诸多因素中，共情被视为一种强大的力量。）引出后文关于共情的论述，总领该段内容，故选E。
【答案】
1-5 CDAGE
【知识点】
1. 说明文语篇逻辑
2. 上下文语境衔接
3. 语义逻辑匹配
【点评】
本题以“影响捐款决策的道德因素”为主题，考查学生对说明文语篇逻辑的把控能力以及上下文语境的衔接能力。解题时需紧密结合前后文的语义关联，理清句子间的因果、转折等逻辑关系，同时准确理解选项的含义，才能精准匹配答案。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先，我们需要通读全文，明确文章主旨是探讨影响人们捐款决策的两大道德品质因素——共情和正义感。接着逐个分析每个空的上下文语境，通过梳理句子间的逻辑关系（如承接、因果、总结等）来匹配合适的选项：
1. 第1空：前文点明捐款机会无处不在，后文用问句提出影响捐款的可能因素，此处需一个过渡问句引出“哪些情况会促使捐款”的话题；
2. 第2空：前文指出共情和正义感常将人们引向不同方向，接下来应总结二者难以平衡的特点；
3. 第3空：前文假设认为无家可归者的处境是自身造成的，按照逻辑会得出“不愿捐款”的结论；
4. 第4空：前文提到研究中捐赠者认为受难者需对自身处境负责，后文说明自认为常做道德选择的参与者更不愿捐款，此处需衔接“部分参与者对给这类人捐款的态度”；
5. 第5空：后文重点阐述共情的作用，此处需引出共情的重要性来总领段落。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提及捐款机会随处可见，后文以问句探讨影响捐款的因素，选项C“But which situations drive you to reach for your wallet?”（但哪些情况会让你愿意掏钱呢？）承接上下文，引出对捐款触发条件的疑问，符合逻辑，故选C。
2. 第2空：前文指出共情和正义感这两种道德品质常将人们引向不同方向，选项D“So, trying to keep a balance between them can be difficult.”（因此，试图在两者之间保持平衡可能很难。）是对前文的合理总结，衔接自然，故选D。
3. 第3空：前文假设你认为无家可归者的处境是自身造成的，选项A“Then you will probably not give any money.”（那你很可能不会捐钱。）与前文假设形成因果关系，符合语境，故选A。
4. 第4空：前文提到研究中捐赠者认为受难者需对自身处境负责（如因酗酒失业的人），后文说明自认为常做道德选择的参与者更不愿捐款，选项G“And some participants considered it immoral to donate to such persons.”（并且一些参与者认为给这类人捐款是不道德的。）承接研究场景，与后文内容呼应，故选G。
5. 第5空：后文重点阐述共情在促使人们捐款中的作用，选项E“Empathy is considered a great power among several factors.”（在诸多因素中，共情被视为一种强大的力量。）引出后文关于共情的论述，总领该段内容，故选E。
【答案】
1-5 CDAGE
【知识点】
1. 说明文语篇逻辑
2. 上下文语境衔接
3. 语义逻辑匹配
【点评】
本题以“影响捐款决策的道德因素”为主题，考查学生对说明文语篇逻辑的把控能力以及上下文语境的衔接能力。解题时需紧密结合前后文的语义关联，理清句子间的因果、转折等逻辑关系，同时准确理解选项的含义，才能精准匹配答案。
【难度系数】
0.6