Ⅴ. (2025·安徽芜湖第二十九中学期中)阅读理解
中国南方的吊脚楼是土家族的传统建筑,它们多建在山坡上,用木柱支撑,造型美观。此外,吊脚楼可防潮散热、抵御洪水和野兽。苗族、布依族、侗族等也有类似建筑。
In the mountains and forests of southern China, there are many stilt houses(吊脚楼). They are built on hill sides and held up by wooden posts(木柱). These houses belong to the Tujia people.
Stilt houses are high above the ground. The tallest Tujia stilt house is in Zhangjiajie, Hunan, which is 109.9 metres tall. The houses have beautiful windows, roof edges(屋檐), and tops. The windows show shapes of animals and plants. The roof edges look like bird wings. Some roofs have wooden dragons.
Why do the Tujia people build houses high up? Their homes in Hunan and Hubei have hot and wet summers. Taller houses keep people cooler and safer from floods(洪水) and wild animals.
Other groups like the Miao, Buyi, and Dong also build stilt houses in places like Guizhou and Guangxi.
1. Where is the tallest Tujia stilt house?
A. In Hubei.
B. In Hunan.
C. In Guizhou.
D. In Guangxi.
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Who likes stilt houses best.
B. Why the Tujia people build stilt houses.
C. What stilt houses are like.
D. Where the Tujia people build their houses.
3. Why do Tujia people build stilt houses high above the ground?
A. To make them look more beautiful.
B. To stay cool and safe from floods or animals.
C. To follow their building traditions.
D. To save space for farming.
4. 中考新考法 推断文章出处 In which newspaper part can you read the passage?
A. Cooking.
B. Sports.
C. Weather.
D. Culture.
中国南方的吊脚楼是土家族的传统建筑,它们多建在山坡上,用木柱支撑,造型美观。此外,吊脚楼可防潮散热、抵御洪水和野兽。苗族、布依族、侗族等也有类似建筑。
In the mountains and forests of southern China, there are many stilt houses(吊脚楼). They are built on hill sides and held up by wooden posts(木柱). These houses belong to the Tujia people.
Stilt houses are high above the ground. The tallest Tujia stilt house is in Zhangjiajie, Hunan, which is 109.9 metres tall. The houses have beautiful windows, roof edges(屋檐), and tops. The windows show shapes of animals and plants. The roof edges look like bird wings. Some roofs have wooden dragons.
Why do the Tujia people build houses high up? Their homes in Hunan and Hubei have hot and wet summers. Taller houses keep people cooler and safer from floods(洪水) and wild animals.
Other groups like the Miao, Buyi, and Dong also build stilt houses in places like Guizhou and Guangxi.
1. Where is the tallest Tujia stilt house?
A. In Hubei.
B. In Hunan.
C. In Guizhou.
D. In Guangxi.
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Who likes stilt houses best.
B. Why the Tujia people build stilt houses.
C. What stilt houses are like.
D. Where the Tujia people build their houses.
3. Why do Tujia people build stilt houses high above the ground?
A. To make them look more beautiful.
B. To stay cool and safe from floods or animals.
C. To follow their building traditions.
D. To save space for farming.
4. 中考新考法 推断文章出处 In which newspaper part can you read the passage?
A. Cooking.
B. Sports.
C. Weather.
D. Culture.
答案：[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国南方土
家族吊脚楼的地理分布、建筑特色及功能。
1. B [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The tallest
Tujia stilt house is in Zhangjiajie, Hunan"可知,最高的土
家族吊脚楼位于湖南张家界。故选B。
2. C [解析]段落大意题。通读第二段可知,此段主要描述
了吊脚楼的外观特征,包括高度、窗户、屋檐和屋顶的造型
等。故选C。
3. B [解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Their homes in
Hunan and Hubei have hot and wet summers. Taller
houses keep people cooler and safer from floods洪水 and
wild animals."可知,吊脚楼建在高处是为了保持凉爽并防
范洪水和野生动物。故选B。
4. D [解析]推理判断题。本文介绍了中国南方土家族吊脚
楼的地理分布、建筑特色及功能,最可能出现在报纸的文
化版块。故选D。
家族吊脚楼的地理分布、建筑特色及功能。
1. B [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The tallest
Tujia stilt house is in Zhangjiajie, Hunan"可知,最高的土
家族吊脚楼位于湖南张家界。故选B。
2. C [解析]段落大意题。通读第二段可知,此段主要描述
了吊脚楼的外观特征,包括高度、窗户、屋檐和屋顶的造型
等。故选C。
3. B [解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Their homes in
Hunan and Hubei have hot and wet summers. Taller
houses keep people cooler and safer from floods洪水 and
wild animals."可知,吊脚楼建在高处是为了保持凉爽并防
范洪水和野生动物。故选B。
4. D [解析]推理判断题。本文介绍了中国南方土家族吊脚
楼的地理分布、建筑特色及功能,最可能出现在报纸的文
化版块。故选D。
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题是细节理解题，解题思路为：先明确题干询问的是最高的土家族吊脚楼的位置，再回到原文定位相关语句，找到对应信息后即可得出答案。
2. 第2题是段落大意题，解题思路为：通读第二段内容，梳理段落中介绍的核心信息，总结出该段主要围绕吊脚楼的外观特征展开，从而确定段落主旨。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，解题思路为：根据题干问题，定位到原文中解释吊脚楼建在高处原因的段落，提取关键信息后匹配选项。
4. 第4题是推理判断题，解题思路为：分析文章主题，本文围绕土家族吊脚楼这种传统建筑展开介绍，属于文化范畴，据此推断文章可能的出处。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"The tallest Tujia stilt house is in Zhangjiajie, Hunan"可知，最高的土家族吊脚楼位于湖南张家界，故选B。
2. 段落大意题。通读第二段内容，该段介绍了吊脚楼的高度、带有动植物造型的窗户、形似鸟翼的屋檐以及有木龙的屋顶等外观特征，主要讲述了吊脚楼的样子，故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"Their homes in Hunan and Hubei have hot and wet summers. Taller houses keep people cooler and safer from floods and wild animals."可知，土家族把吊脚楼建在高处是为了保持凉爽，同时免受洪水和野生动物的威胁，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了中国南方土家族吊脚楼的分布、建筑特色及功能，属于传统文化相关内容，因此最有可能出现在报纸的文化版块，故选D。
【答案】
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. D
【知识点】
细节理解题、段落大意题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕土家族吊脚楼展开介绍，考查了阅读理解常见题型，其中第4题贴合中考新考法。解题时需注重精准定位原文信息、归纳段落核心内容，并结合文章主题进行合理推断，有助于提升学生的阅读理解综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 第1题是细节理解题，解题思路为：先明确题干询问的是最高的土家族吊脚楼的位置，再回到原文定位相关语句，找到对应信息后即可得出答案。
2. 第2题是段落大意题，解题思路为：通读第二段内容，梳理段落中介绍的核心信息，总结出该段主要围绕吊脚楼的外观特征展开，从而确定段落主旨。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，解题思路为：根据题干问题，定位到原文中解释吊脚楼建在高处原因的段落，提取关键信息后匹配选项。
4. 第4题是推理判断题，解题思路为：分析文章主题，本文围绕土家族吊脚楼这种传统建筑展开介绍，属于文化范畴，据此推断文章可能的出处。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"The tallest Tujia stilt house is in Zhangjiajie, Hunan"可知，最高的土家族吊脚楼位于湖南张家界，故选B。
2. 段落大意题。通读第二段内容，该段介绍了吊脚楼的高度、带有动植物造型的窗户、形似鸟翼的屋檐以及有木龙的屋顶等外观特征，主要讲述了吊脚楼的样子，故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"Their homes in Hunan and Hubei have hot and wet summers. Taller houses keep people cooler and safer from floods and wild animals."可知，土家族把吊脚楼建在高处是为了保持凉爽，同时免受洪水和野生动物的威胁，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了中国南方土家族吊脚楼的分布、建筑特色及功能，属于传统文化相关内容，因此最有可能出现在报纸的文化版块，故选D。
【答案】
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. D
【知识点】
细节理解题、段落大意题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕土家族吊脚楼展开介绍，考查了阅读理解常见题型，其中第4题贴合中考新考法。解题时需注重精准定位原文信息、归纳段落核心内容，并结合文章主题进行合理推断，有助于提升学生的阅读理解综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
Ⅵ. 阅读表达
你看过北京的四合院吗?它由四面房屋围成庭院,长辈居正房,晚辈居厢房,冬暖夏凉且充满家庭温情。如今部分四合院被改造成博物馆、艺术空间或酒店,既保护了传统建筑又传承了民族文化,其设计还为北京冬奥村提供灵感。
Beijing courtyard(庭院) house is called siheyuan in Chinese. It is a courtyard surrounded by houses on all four sides. People wish to make all the family members enjoy a happy life together, so the siheyuan usually has one gate leading to the outside.
The siheyuan is mainly made of brick and wood, with grey as the main colour. Each siheyuan has several houses. To show the respect, the main house facing south is for the elders to live in, while the side rooms are for the younger generations.
The siheyuan is warm in winter and cool in summer. It is not just a place to live, but a space full of warmth and family culture. The courtyard is the centre of family life and suitable for family gathering. In the free time, family members sit in the yard to rest, chat and drink tea, which is an ideal(理想的) way of life.
Now, some courtyard houses are transformed into(被改造为) museums, art halls or hotels. This not only protects the siheyuan but also helps pass on Chinese culture. The design of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village also got some ideas from the siheyuan.
1. Why is there usually only one gate in a siheyuan?
2. Which house is for the elders in a siheyuan?
3. Where do people usually have family activities in a siheyuan?
4. What are some courtyard houses transformed into?
5. 中考新考法 标题归纳 What can be a proper title for the passage?
你看过北京的四合院吗?它由四面房屋围成庭院,长辈居正房,晚辈居厢房,冬暖夏凉且充满家庭温情。如今部分四合院被改造成博物馆、艺术空间或酒店,既保护了传统建筑又传承了民族文化,其设计还为北京冬奥村提供灵感。
Beijing courtyard(庭院) house is called siheyuan in Chinese. It is a courtyard surrounded by houses on all four sides. People wish to make all the family members enjoy a happy life together, so the siheyuan usually has one gate leading to the outside.
The siheyuan is mainly made of brick and wood, with grey as the main colour. Each siheyuan has several houses. To show the respect, the main house facing south is for the elders to live in, while the side rooms are for the younger generations.
The siheyuan is warm in winter and cool in summer. It is not just a place to live, but a space full of warmth and family culture. The courtyard is the centre of family life and suitable for family gathering. In the free time, family members sit in the yard to rest, chat and drink tea, which is an ideal(理想的) way of life.
Now, some courtyard houses are transformed into(被改造为) museums, art halls or hotels. This not only protects the siheyuan but also helps pass on Chinese culture. The design of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village also got some ideas from the siheyuan.
1. Why is there usually only one gate in a siheyuan?
2. Which house is for the elders in a siheyuan?
3. Where do people usually have family activities in a siheyuan?
4. What are some courtyard houses transformed into?
5. 中考新考法 标题归纳 What can be a proper title for the passage?
答案：[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的四
合院。
1. Because people wish to make all the family members enjoy
a happy life together.
2. The main house facing south.
现在分词作后置定语
3. In the courtyard.
4. Museums, art halls or hotels.
5. Beijing's Siheyuan
合院。
1. Because people wish to make all the family members enjoy
a happy life together.
2. The main house facing south.
现在分词作后置定语
3. In the courtyard.
4. Museums, art halls or hotels.
5. Beijing's Siheyuan
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍北京四合院的说明文阅读表达题，解题思路如下：
1. 对于第1-4题的细节理解题，先明确每个问题的关键词，如第1题的“one gate”、第2题的“elders”、第3题的“family activities”、第4题的“transformed into”，然后带着关键词回到原文定位对应段落，提取符合要求的原句或核心信息作答。
2. 第5题是标题归纳题，需要通读全文，把握文章核心说明对象——北京四合院，据此提炼出能概括全文内容的标题。
【解析】
1. 定位到文章第二段第二句“People wish to make all the family members enjoy a happy life together, so the siheyuan usually has one gate leading to the outside.”，由此可知四合院通常只有一个门的原因是人们希望所有家庭成员一起享受幸福生活。
2. 根据文章第三段“the main house facing south is for the elders to live in”，可知朝南的正房是给长辈住的。
3. 从文章第四段“The courtyard is the centre of family life and suitable for family gathering.”可知，人们通常在庭院里进行家庭活动。
4. 依据文章第五段“some courtyard houses are transformed into(被改造为) museums, art halls or hotels.”，可直接提取出四合院被改造后的用途。
5. 全文围绕北京四合院的布局、居住习俗、特点及现状展开介绍，核心说明对象是北京四合院，因此合适的标题为“Beijing's Siheyuan”。
【答案】
1. Because people wish to make all the family members enjoy a happy life together.
2. The main house facing south.
3. In the courtyard.
4. Museums, art halls or hotels.
5. Beijing's Siheyuan
【知识点】
细节查找、标题归纳、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文围绕北京四合院这一传统文化载体展开介绍，既考查了学生提取细节信息的能力，也考查了归纳主旨的能力。题目设置贴合文本，难度适中，同时能帮助学生了解中国传统建筑文化，提升文化认知。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍北京四合院的说明文阅读表达题，解题思路如下：
1. 对于第1-4题的细节理解题，先明确每个问题的关键词，如第1题的“one gate”、第2题的“elders”、第3题的“family activities”、第4题的“transformed into”，然后带着关键词回到原文定位对应段落，提取符合要求的原句或核心信息作答。
2. 第5题是标题归纳题，需要通读全文，把握文章核心说明对象——北京四合院，据此提炼出能概括全文内容的标题。
【解析】
1. 定位到文章第二段第二句“People wish to make all the family members enjoy a happy life together, so the siheyuan usually has one gate leading to the outside.”，由此可知四合院通常只有一个门的原因是人们希望所有家庭成员一起享受幸福生活。
2. 根据文章第三段“the main house facing south is for the elders to live in”，可知朝南的正房是给长辈住的。
3. 从文章第四段“The courtyard is the centre of family life and suitable for family gathering.”可知，人们通常在庭院里进行家庭活动。
4. 依据文章第五段“some courtyard houses are transformed into(被改造为) museums, art halls or hotels.”，可直接提取出四合院被改造后的用途。
5. 全文围绕北京四合院的布局、居住习俗、特点及现状展开介绍，核心说明对象是北京四合院，因此合适的标题为“Beijing's Siheyuan”。
【答案】
1. Because people wish to make all the family members enjoy a happy life together.
2. The main house facing south.
3. In the courtyard.
4. Museums, art halls or hotels.
5. Beijing's Siheyuan
【知识点】
细节查找、标题归纳、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文围绕北京四合院这一传统文化载体展开介绍，既考查了学生提取细节信息的能力，也考查了归纳主旨的能力。题目设置贴合文本，难度适中，同时能帮助学生了解中国传统建筑文化，提升文化认知。
【难度系数】
0.7