四、阅读理解
Camping has a long history in Australia. In the past, it was a way of life for people in that country. Nowadays, that way of life has mostly died out (绝迹) in the modern country, but camping hasn't.
When gold was first found and people came from around the world to seek their fortune, many couldn't cover the cost of a hotel. And there weren't enough hotels either. So they all brought tents and set them up next to their little goldfield. Many people living in Australia today are born of those people who spent large parts of their lives in tents.
In modern Australia, the nation's camping grounds are covered with families on holiday in summer. It is a great experience for kids to stay in a tent. They can hear all the sounds of nature in the tent. It's a place where they can learn skills like making a fire, cooking and swimming. These experiences can help them through their whole lives.
Things have changed a lot fro the early days of camping, when you would carry everything needed on your back. Now you needn't take everything with you because you can get lots of everyday things in the camping grounds. There are some new kinds of tools to take with you, from solar panels (太阳能板) for your smartphones to an outdoor shower. In fact, many camping grounds you see around the country are decorated wonderfully. Australians are never tired of a camping trip.
(
A. Australians' modern way of life
B. what the first visitors did in Australia
C. the hotel conditions in Australia
D. the history of camping in Australia
(
A. Try to make lots of money.
B. Get relaxed and have fun.
C. Do something to make the world better.
D. Enjoy the natural beauty.
(
A. people can't go camping without solar panels now
B. there are no goldfields now in Australia
C. things have changed a lot about camping
D. camping has died out nowadays
(
A. Difficult but fun.
B. Enjoyable and useful.
C. Old-fashioned and dangerous.
D. Relaxing but boring.
(
A. The History of Australia.
B. Camping in Australia.
C. Travelling in Australia.
D. The Traditions of Australia.
Exercise 6 of Unit 7 of 7B Integration (Ⅱ)
Camping has a long history in Australia. In the past, it was a way of life for people in that country. Nowadays, that way of life has mostly died out (绝迹) in the modern country, but camping hasn't.
When gold was first found and people came from around the world to seek their fortune, many couldn't cover the cost of a hotel. And there weren't enough hotels either. So they all brought tents and set them up next to their little goldfield. Many people living in Australia today are born of those people who spent large parts of their lives in tents.
In modern Australia, the nation's camping grounds are covered with families on holiday in summer. It is a great experience for kids to stay in a tent. They can hear all the sounds of nature in the tent. It's a place where they can learn skills like making a fire, cooking and swimming. These experiences can help them through their whole lives.
Things have changed a lot fro the early days of camping, when you would carry everything needed on your back. Now you needn't take everything with you because you can get lots of everyday things in the camping grounds. There are some new kinds of tools to take with you, from solar panels (太阳能板) for your smartphones to an outdoor shower. In fact, many camping grounds you see around the country are decorated wonderfully. Australians are never tired of a camping trip.
(
D
) 1. The second paragraph mainly tells us about .A. Australians' modern way of life
B. what the first visitors did in Australia
C. the hotel conditions in Australia
D. the history of camping in Australia
(
A
) 2. What does the underlined phrase "seek their fortune" mean?A. Try to make lots of money.
B. Get relaxed and have fun.
C. Do something to make the world better.
D. Enjoy the natural beauty.
(
C
) 3. We can learn from the passage that .A. people can't go camping without solar panels now
B. there are no goldfields now in Australia
C. things have changed a lot about camping
D. camping has died out nowadays
(
B
) 4. What may modern Australians think of camping?A. Difficult but fun.
B. Enjoyable and useful.
C. Old-fashioned and dangerous.
D. Relaxing but boring.
(
B
) 5. What is the best title for the passage?A. The History of Australia.
B. Camping in Australia.
C. Travelling in Australia.
D. The Traditions of Australia.
Exercise 6 of Unit 7 of 7B Integration (Ⅱ)
答案：1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B
解析：
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文，明确文章核心围绕澳大利亚露营的发展展开，之后逐题对应回原文定位信息：
1. 做主旨类题目先锁定对应段落的核心内容，第二段从淘金热时期人们搭建帐篷露营的起源讲起，对应露营的早期历史，排除无关选项即可得到答案。
2. 词义猜测题结合上下文语境，前文提到发现黄金，人们从世界各地赶来，淘金的目的就是赚取财富，由此推断短语含义。
3. 细节判断题将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除和原文表述矛盾的选项，选出符合原文描述的内容。
4. 推理判断题从文中关于现代露营的描述，提取作者对露营的正向评价，推断澳大利亚人对露营的态度。
5. 标题选择题抓住全文核心论述对象，排除范围过大、偏离主题的选项，选出最贴合全文内容的标题。
【解析】
1. 第二段介绍了澳大利亚淘金热时期，来自世界各地的人们因为负担不起酒店、酒店数量也不足，就在金矿旁搭建帐篷居住露营，讲述的是澳大利亚露营的起源历史。A选项“澳大利亚现代生活方式”、B选项“首批访客在澳的行为”、C选项“澳大利亚的酒店条件”都只是段落局部细节，不是核心主旨，因此选D。
2. 前文提到黄金首次被发现，人们从世界各地赶来，结合淘金的背景，可知人们是来这里寻找财富、赚大钱的，"seek their fortune"含义是努力赚很多钱，对应A选项。B“放松玩乐”、C“让世界变更好”、D“欣赏自然美景”都不符合淘金时代人们的出行目的。
3. 从最后一段第一句"Things have changed a lot from the early days of camping"可知露营相关的事物已经发生了很大变化，C表述正确。A选项“没有太阳能板就不能露营”和原文“可以携带太阳能板这类新工具”表述矛盾；B选项“澳大利亚现在没有金矿”原文没有提及；D选项“如今露营已经绝迹”和第一段“那种旧生活方式绝迹了，但露营没有”表述矛盾，因此选C。
4. 文中提到现代露营是很棒的体验，孩子们可以学习生火、做饭等终身受益的技能，澳大利亚人永远不会厌倦露营，能推断出现代澳大利亚人认为露营既愉快又有用，对应B选项。A“困难但有趣”、C“过时危险”、D“放松但无聊”都不符合原文的正向描述。
5. 全文从露营的历史起源讲到现代澳大利亚露营的发展变化，核心论述对象是澳大利亚的露营，因此最佳标题是B。A“澳大利亚的历史”、C“澳大利亚旅行”、D“澳大利亚的传统”都偏离了文章核心主题。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨归纳，词义猜测，细节信息查找
【点评】
本篇是介绍澳大利亚露营文化的说明文，覆盖了初中英语阅读常见的主旨大意、词义猜测、细节判断、推理判断、标题选择五大经典题型，难度适中，只要学生能准确定位原文对应信息，区分干扰项和原文的差异，就可以顺利选出正确答案，同时也能帮助学生了解不同国家的特色文化。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文，明确文章核心围绕澳大利亚露营的发展展开，之后逐题对应回原文定位信息：
1. 做主旨类题目先锁定对应段落的核心内容，第二段从淘金热时期人们搭建帐篷露营的起源讲起，对应露营的早期历史，排除无关选项即可得到答案。
2. 词义猜测题结合上下文语境，前文提到发现黄金，人们从世界各地赶来，淘金的目的就是赚取财富，由此推断短语含义。
3. 细节判断题将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除和原文表述矛盾的选项，选出符合原文描述的内容。
4. 推理判断题从文中关于现代露营的描述，提取作者对露营的正向评价，推断澳大利亚人对露营的态度。
5. 标题选择题抓住全文核心论述对象，排除范围过大、偏离主题的选项，选出最贴合全文内容的标题。
【解析】
1. 第二段介绍了澳大利亚淘金热时期，来自世界各地的人们因为负担不起酒店、酒店数量也不足，就在金矿旁搭建帐篷居住露营，讲述的是澳大利亚露营的起源历史。A选项“澳大利亚现代生活方式”、B选项“首批访客在澳的行为”、C选项“澳大利亚的酒店条件”都只是段落局部细节，不是核心主旨，因此选D。
2. 前文提到黄金首次被发现，人们从世界各地赶来，结合淘金的背景，可知人们是来这里寻找财富、赚大钱的，"seek their fortune"含义是努力赚很多钱，对应A选项。B“放松玩乐”、C“让世界变更好”、D“欣赏自然美景”都不符合淘金时代人们的出行目的。
3. 从最后一段第一句"Things have changed a lot from the early days of camping"可知露营相关的事物已经发生了很大变化，C表述正确。A选项“没有太阳能板就不能露营”和原文“可以携带太阳能板这类新工具”表述矛盾；B选项“澳大利亚现在没有金矿”原文没有提及；D选项“如今露营已经绝迹”和第一段“那种旧生活方式绝迹了，但露营没有”表述矛盾，因此选C。
4. 文中提到现代露营是很棒的体验，孩子们可以学习生火、做饭等终身受益的技能，澳大利亚人永远不会厌倦露营，能推断出现代澳大利亚人认为露营既愉快又有用，对应B选项。A“困难但有趣”、C“过时危险”、D“放松但无聊”都不符合原文的正向描述。
5. 全文从露营的历史起源讲到现代澳大利亚露营的发展变化，核心论述对象是澳大利亚的露营，因此最佳标题是B。A“澳大利亚的历史”、C“澳大利亚旅行”、D“澳大利亚的传统”都偏离了文章核心主题。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨归纳，词义猜测，细节信息查找
【点评】
本篇是介绍澳大利亚露营文化的说明文，覆盖了初中英语阅读常见的主旨大意、词义猜测、细节判断、推理判断、标题选择五大经典题型，难度适中，只要学生能准确定位原文对应信息，区分干扰项和原文的差异，就可以顺利选出正确答案，同时也能帮助学生了解不同国家的特色文化。
【难度系数】
0.7