四、阅读理解
Chinese Puzzle(智力游戏)
Nowadays, a large number of mobile and video games come out one after another. People have more ways to relax, so few around us seem to play with traditional toys any more. If you are willing to spend time learning about them, you will find they can not only make you relax but also develop(开发)the brain(大脑).
The Luban lock was first made by the famous Chinese woodworker Lu Ban during the Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that Lu used six wooden pieces to make it to test(测试)his son's cleverness. It needs one's sense(感觉)of space to move the six pieces apart. Now, there are Luban locks made up of nine or more pieces.
The tangram has seven pieces in different shapes. For each puzzle, players need to use all the pieces to make a shape, like an animal, a person, a plant or some other things. To do it, they have to know about space, shapes and sizes. The game was popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the 18th century, it was brought to the West and became popular.
The nine linked rings puzzle is made up of nine metal(金属的)rings which set on a metal stick(棍). Players have to take all the rings off the stick to win(赢得)the game. The game showed up as early as the Warring States Period(战国时期). People think of it as "king of difficulty" among toys of its kind, which takes 341 steps and needs to use the knowledge(知识)of numbers.
(
A. Six.
B. Seven.
C. Eight.
D. Nine.
(
A. The Luban lock.
B. The tangram.
C. The nine linked rings puzzle.
D. Video games.
(
A. Art.
B. History.
C. Maths.
D. Geography.
(
A. To give advice on the best way to relax.
B. To ask students to put down books and play games.
C. To show useful ways to play Chinese puzzle games well.
D. To introduce toys that include Chinese people's wisdom(智慧).
Chinese Puzzle(智力游戏)
Nowadays, a large number of mobile and video games come out one after another. People have more ways to relax, so few around us seem to play with traditional toys any more. If you are willing to spend time learning about them, you will find they can not only make you relax but also develop(开发)the brain(大脑).
The Luban lock was first made by the famous Chinese woodworker Lu Ban during the Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that Lu used six wooden pieces to make it to test(测试)his son's cleverness. It needs one's sense(感觉)of space to move the six pieces apart. Now, there are Luban locks made up of nine or more pieces.The tangram has seven pieces in different shapes. For each puzzle, players need to use all the pieces to make a shape, like an animal, a person, a plant or some other things. To do it, they have to know about space, shapes and sizes. The game was popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the 18th century, it was brought to the West and became popular.
The nine linked rings puzzle is made up of nine metal(金属的)rings which set on a metal stick(棍). Players have to take all the rings off the stick to win(赢得)the game. The game showed up as early as the Warring States Period(战国时期). People think of it as "king of difficulty" among toys of its kind, which takes 341 steps and needs to use the knowledge(知识)of numbers.
(
A
) 1. How many wooden pieces did Luban lock have when it was first made?A. Six.
B. Seven.
C. Eight.
D. Nine.
(
C
) 2. Which of the games came out earliest(最早)?A. The Luban lock.
B. The tangram.
C. The nine linked rings puzzle.
D. Video games.
(
C
) 3. What knowledge might be helpful to play with the three toys?A. Art.
B. History.
C. Maths.
D. Geography.
(
D
) 4. What's the purpose(目的)of the text?A. To give advice on the best way to relax.
B. To ask students to put down books and play games.
C. To show useful ways to play Chinese puzzle games well.
D. To introduce toys that include Chinese people's wisdom(智慧).
答案：1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国传统益智玩具的说明文，解题时可以按照先读题干划出关键词，再回原文定位查找对应信息的思路推进：第一题询问初代鲁班锁的木片数量，直接定位到鲁班锁对应的段落找相关描述即可得出答案；第二题对比几个事物的出现时间，需要把四个选项对应的时间都从原文提取出来，排序后判断最早出现的事物；第三题找三个玩具共同需要的相关知识，分别提取三个玩具的能力要求，找到共性就能匹配对应学科；第四题判断写作目的，通读全文梳理整体内容，排除不符合的选项，选出最贴合主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 定位到原文介绍鲁班锁的段落，第二句明确提到"It is said that Lu used six wooden pieces to make it to test his son's cleverness"，可知初代鲁班锁由6个木片制成，对应选项A。
2. 从原文提取各事物的出现时间：鲁班锁诞生于春秋时期，七巧板在明清时期流行，九连环早在战国时期就已出现，电子游戏是近年才陆续推出的，对比可知九连环是四个选项中出现最早的，对应选项C。
3. 三款传统玩具分别需要空间感知能力、形状大小认知能力、数字相关知识，这些能力都和数学学科的内容高度相关，因此数学知识有助于玩好这三款玩具，对应选项C。
4. 文章开篇点明当下人们很少接触传统玩具，随后分别介绍了鲁班锁、七巧板、九连环三款中国传统益智玩具的起源、玩法特点，核心目的是向读者介绍承载了中国古人智慧的传统益智玩具，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳，传统益智文化
【点评】
本篇属于传统文化类常考阅读题型，整体难度偏低，大部分题目都可以通过直接定位原文得到答案，仅最后一道主旨题需要学生整体梳理全文内容，避免以偏概全错选只覆盖局部信息的选项，做题时注意比对时间类细节、不要混淆朝代先后即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍中国传统益智玩具的说明文，解题时可以按照先读题干划出关键词，再回原文定位查找对应信息的思路推进：第一题询问初代鲁班锁的木片数量，直接定位到鲁班锁对应的段落找相关描述即可得出答案；第二题对比几个事物的出现时间，需要把四个选项对应的时间都从原文提取出来，排序后判断最早出现的事物；第三题找三个玩具共同需要的相关知识，分别提取三个玩具的能力要求，找到共性就能匹配对应学科；第四题判断写作目的，通读全文梳理整体内容，排除不符合的选项，选出最贴合主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 定位到原文介绍鲁班锁的段落，第二句明确提到"It is said that Lu used six wooden pieces to make it to test his son's cleverness"，可知初代鲁班锁由6个木片制成，对应选项A。
2. 从原文提取各事物的出现时间：鲁班锁诞生于春秋时期，七巧板在明清时期流行，九连环早在战国时期就已出现，电子游戏是近年才陆续推出的，对比可知九连环是四个选项中出现最早的，对应选项C。
3. 三款传统玩具分别需要空间感知能力、形状大小认知能力、数字相关知识，这些能力都和数学学科的内容高度相关，因此数学知识有助于玩好这三款玩具，对应选项C。
4. 文章开篇点明当下人们很少接触传统玩具，随后分别介绍了鲁班锁、七巧板、九连环三款中国传统益智玩具的起源、玩法特点，核心目的是向读者介绍承载了中国古人智慧的传统益智玩具，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳，传统益智文化
【点评】
本篇属于传统文化类常考阅读题型，整体难度偏低，大部分题目都可以通过直接定位原文得到答案，仅最后一道主旨题需要学生整体梳理全文内容，避免以偏概全错选只覆盖局部信息的选项，做题时注意比对时间类细节、不要混淆朝代先后即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.8