五、阅读理解
Tanzania, the largest country in East Africa, is a land of natural beauty.
Tanzania is to the west of the Indian Ocean. Highlands rise in the north-west of Tanzania. From highlands in the north-west, the land goes down to the coast (海岸) in the south-east.
The fishing areas in Tanzania are among the richest (最富饶的) in the world. The lakes, rivers, and offshore (近海的) areas have over 1,700 fish species. More than 800 of them live in freshwater, and more than 900 live in seawater.
Tanzania has a really comfortable climate (气候) all year round. There are two rainy seasons—the heaviest (最大的) rains usually fall from March to May and another period of rain begins from October to February. The dry season, however, lasts from June to September with cooler temperatures (气温).
Forests that have lots of rain are home to many wild (野生的) animals. Almost one-third of the land has been set to protect animals by the government (政府). With more than 20 national parks, Tanzania is one of the most famous places for travelling. Inside the national parks, the wildlife is protected from hunting (捕猎). Many wild animals like elephants, lions and giraffes live happily there.
(
A. Areas.
B. Kinds.
C. Styles.
D. Groups.
(
(
A. Tanzania is popular among travellers
B. Tanzania has the most national parks in the world
C. people can hunt in national parks in Tanzania
D. the government invites travellers to take part in the protection of wild animals there
(
A. To invite people to visit Tanzania.
B. To call on people to protect the animals.
C. To give some information about Tanzania.
D. To give advice on how to travel in Tanzania.
Exercise 5 of Unit 6 of 7B Pronunciation & Integration (Ⅰ)
Tanzania, the largest country in East Africa, is a land of natural beauty.
Tanzania is to the west of the Indian Ocean. Highlands rise in the north-west of Tanzania. From highlands in the north-west, the land goes down to the coast (海岸) in the south-east.
The fishing areas in Tanzania are among the richest (最富饶的) in the world. The lakes, rivers, and offshore (近海的) areas have over 1,700 fish species. More than 800 of them live in freshwater, and more than 900 live in seawater.
Tanzania has a really comfortable climate (气候) all year round. There are two rainy seasons—the heaviest (最大的) rains usually fall from March to May and another period of rain begins from October to February. The dry season, however, lasts from June to September with cooler temperatures (气温).
Forests that have lots of rain are home to many wild (野生的) animals. Almost one-third of the land has been set to protect animals by the government (政府). With more than 20 national parks, Tanzania is one of the most famous places for travelling. Inside the national parks, the wildlife is protected from hunting (捕猎). Many wild animals like elephants, lions and giraffes live happily there.
(
B
) 1. What does the underlined word "species" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Areas.
B. Kinds.
C. Styles.
D. Groups.
(
D
) 2. Which of the following can best describe the rainfall (降雨量) in Tanzania?(
A
) 3. From Paragraph 5, we can infer (推断) that .A. Tanzania is popular among travellers
B. Tanzania has the most national parks in the world
C. people can hunt in national parks in Tanzania
D. the government invites travellers to take part in the protection of wild animals there
(
C
) 4. Why does the writer write this passage?A. To invite people to visit Tanzania.
B. To call on people to protect the animals.
C. To give some information about Tanzania.
D. To give advice on how to travel in Tanzania.
Exercise 5 of Unit 6 of 7B Pronunciation & Integration (Ⅰ)
答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C
解析：
【分析】
我先逐题梳理解题思路：
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，定位到第三段描述鱼类的内容，根据后文“800多种淡水鱼、900多种海水鱼”的表述，很容易推断划线词的含义是“种类”，对应选项即可。
2. 第2题是图文匹配题，先从原文第四段提取坦桑尼亚的降雨规律：两个雨季，3-5月降雨最大，10月到次年2月是第二个雨季，6-9月是旱季降雨极少，再逐一对比四幅降雨量柱状图，匹配符合规律的选项。
3. 第3题是推理判断题，对照第五段的内容逐一排除和原文矛盾、无中生有的错误选项，选出符合逻辑的推断结果。
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，通读全文可知文章从地理、渔业、气候、旅游多个维度介绍坦桑尼亚的基础信息，判断作者的写作目的即可。
【解析】
1. 定位第三段内容“The lakes, rivers, and offshore (近海的) areas have over 1,700 fish species. More than 800 of them live in freshwater, and more than 900 live in seawater.”，句意是区域内有超过1700种鱼，其中800余种是淡水鱼，900余种是海水鱼，species的含义为“种类”，和Kinds同义，因此选B。
2. 根据第四段描述的降雨特征：两个雨季，最大的降雨集中在3-5月，10月到次年2月是第二个降雨期，6-9月为旱季降雨量极低。对比四幅图：A全年降雨量均匀，不符合；B7-8月降雨量达到峰值，不符合；C7-8月降雨量达到峰值，不符合；D3-5月降雨量最高，6-9月降雨量极低，10月到次年2月降雨量回升，完全匹配原文描述，因此选D。
3. 对照第五段内容：原文提到“Tanzania is one of the most famous places for travelling”，可以推断出坦桑尼亚在游客中很受欢迎，A正确；B选项“坦桑尼亚拥有世界最多的国家公园”原文没有相关表述，属于无中生有；C选项“人们可以在国家公园打猎”和原文“Inside the national parks, the wildlife is protected from hunting”矛盾；D选项“政府邀请游客参与野生动物保护”原文没有提及，因此选A。
4. 全文分别介绍了坦桑尼亚的地理位置、渔业资源、气候特征、野生动物保护和旅游相关的基础信息，核心目的是向读者传递坦桑尼亚的相关资讯，A、B、D都不是文章的核心写作目的，因此选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C
【知识点】
词义猜测，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
这是一篇介绍东非国家坦桑尼亚的说明类阅读，考点覆盖七年级阅读常见的四类题型，其中图文匹配的题型很有新意，既考查学生提取文本关键信息的能力，也锻炼了学生把文字信息转化为图表信息的能力，整体难度贴合七年级的能力要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
我先逐题梳理解题思路：
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，定位到第三段描述鱼类的内容，根据后文“800多种淡水鱼、900多种海水鱼”的表述，很容易推断划线词的含义是“种类”，对应选项即可。
2. 第2题是图文匹配题，先从原文第四段提取坦桑尼亚的降雨规律：两个雨季，3-5月降雨最大，10月到次年2月是第二个雨季，6-9月是旱季降雨极少，再逐一对比四幅降雨量柱状图，匹配符合规律的选项。
3. 第3题是推理判断题，对照第五段的内容逐一排除和原文矛盾、无中生有的错误选项，选出符合逻辑的推断结果。
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，通读全文可知文章从地理、渔业、气候、旅游多个维度介绍坦桑尼亚的基础信息，判断作者的写作目的即可。
【解析】
1. 定位第三段内容“The lakes, rivers, and offshore (近海的) areas have over 1,700 fish species. More than 800 of them live in freshwater, and more than 900 live in seawater.”，句意是区域内有超过1700种鱼，其中800余种是淡水鱼，900余种是海水鱼，species的含义为“种类”，和Kinds同义，因此选B。
2. 根据第四段描述的降雨特征：两个雨季，最大的降雨集中在3-5月，10月到次年2月是第二个降雨期，6-9月为旱季降雨量极低。对比四幅图：A全年降雨量均匀，不符合；B7-8月降雨量达到峰值，不符合；C7-8月降雨量达到峰值，不符合；D3-5月降雨量最高，6-9月降雨量极低，10月到次年2月降雨量回升，完全匹配原文描述，因此选D。
3. 对照第五段内容：原文提到“Tanzania is one of the most famous places for travelling”，可以推断出坦桑尼亚在游客中很受欢迎，A正确；B选项“坦桑尼亚拥有世界最多的国家公园”原文没有相关表述，属于无中生有；C选项“人们可以在国家公园打猎”和原文“Inside the national parks, the wildlife is protected from hunting”矛盾；D选项“政府邀请游客参与野生动物保护”原文没有提及，因此选A。
4. 全文分别介绍了坦桑尼亚的地理位置、渔业资源、气候特征、野生动物保护和旅游相关的基础信息，核心目的是向读者传递坦桑尼亚的相关资讯，A、B、D都不是文章的核心写作目的，因此选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C
【知识点】
词义猜测，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
这是一篇介绍东非国家坦桑尼亚的说明类阅读，考点覆盖七年级阅读常见的四类题型，其中图文匹配的题型很有新意，既考查学生提取文本关键信息的能力，也锻炼了学生把文字信息转化为图表信息的能力，整体难度贴合七年级的能力要求。
【难度系数】
0.7