五、阅读理解。
主题群:灾害防范
子主题:防范措施
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★★
Whether you believe in climate change or not, the loss of housing due to floods is a big problem all over the world, and while engineers have been trying to find solutions, few have actually worked.
The Japanese housing developer Ichijo Komuten showed a flood-resistant(抗洪) house that can not only remain waterproof(防水) during floods but also float(漂浮) off the ground. He comes up with an idea to keep people's homes from getting flooded as well as swept away by floods. Their new flood-resistant house was shown on a popular Japanese TV show and has received much attention online ever since.
Japan's TV station visited one of Ichijo's test sites where the company's new flood-resistant house was being put through a flood. Although it looked just like a common house when the test began, by the time that water started rising around it, viewers could see the structure leave the ground and finally float a few inches above it.
▲ It has special vents(通风口) that close up in the event of flooding, and the plumbing(管道) also has special valves(阀门) that prevent water from getting into the home. Electrical equipment like air conditioning is positioned on the upper half of the building to make sure that water doesn't reach it.
What's more, Ichijo's newest invention prevents the house from being swept away. The house is connected to a number of thick iron rods(铁棒) sticking out of the ground with thick cables(电缆) that ensure it stays in place as the water floods past. When the water goes away, the floating house comes back down in its own position.
According to engineers, most homes flood when water reaches the window level, but because the flood-resistant house can float up to five metres above the ground, water is unlikely to reach the windows, and everything else is shut. It works quite well.
1. According to the passage, the flood-resistant house is a house which .
A. gets little attention online
B. looks different from others at first
C. can leave the ground and float above it
D. can't go back down its own place
2. (创新考法·信息回填)What sentence can be put in "▲"?
A. What is the flood-resistant house like?
B. How does the flood-resistant house work?
C. Who invented the flood-resistant house?
D. Where is the flood-resistant house?
3. From the passage, we can infer that .
A. the house cannot prevent water from getting inside
B. the house may get more and more popular in the future
C. it will be expensive to buy the house
D. all the people would like to buy the house
主题群:灾害防范
子主题:防范措施
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★★
Whether you believe in climate change or not, the loss of housing due to floods is a big problem all over the world, and while engineers have been trying to find solutions, few have actually worked.
The Japanese housing developer Ichijo Komuten showed a flood-resistant(抗洪) house that can not only remain waterproof(防水) during floods but also float(漂浮) off the ground. He comes up with an idea to keep people's homes from getting flooded as well as swept away by floods. Their new flood-resistant house was shown on a popular Japanese TV show and has received much attention online ever since.
Japan's TV station visited one of Ichijo's test sites where the company's new flood-resistant house was being put through a flood. Although it looked just like a common house when the test began, by the time that water started rising around it, viewers could see the structure leave the ground and finally float a few inches above it.
▲ It has special vents(通风口) that close up in the event of flooding, and the plumbing(管道) also has special valves(阀门) that prevent water from getting into the home. Electrical equipment like air conditioning is positioned on the upper half of the building to make sure that water doesn't reach it.
What's more, Ichijo's newest invention prevents the house from being swept away. The house is connected to a number of thick iron rods(铁棒) sticking out of the ground with thick cables(电缆) that ensure it stays in place as the water floods past. When the water goes away, the floating house comes back down in its own position.
According to engineers, most homes flood when water reaches the window level, but because the flood-resistant house can float up to five metres above the ground, water is unlikely to reach the windows, and everything else is shut. It works quite well.
1. According to the passage, the flood-resistant house is a house which .
A. gets little attention online
B. looks different from others at first
C. can leave the ground and float above it
D. can't go back down its own place
2. (创新考法·信息回填)What sentence can be put in "▲"?
A. What is the flood-resistant house like?
B. How does the flood-resistant house work?
C. Who invented the flood-resistant house?
D. Where is the flood-resistant house?
3. From the passage, we can infer that .
A. the house cannot prevent water from getting inside
B. the house may get more and more popular in the future
C. it will be expensive to buy the house
D. all the people would like to buy the house
答案：1. C 细节理解题。根据 viewers could see the structure leave the ground and finally float a few inches above it 可知,这种房子可以离开地面,并漂浮在地面上方。
2. B 信息回填题。根据第四段内容可知,本段主要介绍抗洪房屋是如何工作的。
3. B 推理判断题。根据"Their new flood-resistant house was shown on a popular Japanese TV show and has received much attention online ever since."可推断,这种房子将来可能会越来越受欢迎。
2. B 信息回填题。根据第四段内容可知,本段主要介绍抗洪房屋是如何工作的。
3. B 推理判断题。根据"Their new flood-resistant house was shown on a popular Japanese TV show and has received much attention online ever since."可推断,这种房子将来可能会越来越受欢迎。
解析：
【分析】
拿到这篇阅读理解，首先先通读全文把握核心内容：本文是一篇介绍日本研发的抗洪漂浮房屋的说明文，贴合灾害防范的主题。接下来按题型逐个解题：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，只需要把每个选项对应到原文的定位处，逐一比对排除错误选项，就能选出符合原文描述的答案；
2. 第2题是信息回填题，要结合空后段落的核心内容，选出能总领全段的问句，判断段落核心讲的是房屋的运作原理，就能匹配到正确选项；
3. 第3题是推理判断题，所有推断必须严格依托原文给出的信息，排除无中生有、表述绝对的错误选项，选出逻辑合理的推断结果。
【解析】
1. 第1题：
逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文第二段明确提到这款房屋在网上收获了大量关注，和“几乎没受到关注”表述矛盾，错误；
B选项：原文第三段提到测试刚开始的时候它看起来和普通房子完全一样，和“一开始外观和其他房子不同”表述矛盾，错误；
C选项：原文第三段明确说明观众可以看到房屋结构离开地面，最终漂浮在地面上方几英寸的位置，表述完全符合原文，正确；
D选项：原文第五段提到洪水退去后，漂浮的房屋会落回自己原本的位置，和“无法落回原位”表述矛盾，错误。
2. 第2题：
空后段落依次介绍了洪水时自动闭合的通风口、防进水的管道阀门、安置在建筑上半区的电器等设计，全部内容都在解释这款抗洪房屋是如何实现抗洪功能的：
A选项“抗洪房屋长什么样”，本段没有介绍外观，不符合；
B选项“抗洪房屋是如何工作的”，刚好总领全段对运作原理的介绍，符合逻辑；
C选项“谁发明了抗洪房屋”，前文已经明确介绍了研发方，本段没有相关内容，不符合；
D选项“抗洪房屋在哪里”，本段没有提及地点相关内容，不符合。
3. 第3题：
逐一分析选项：
A选项：本段介绍的各类设计都是为了阻止水进入房屋，和“房屋无法阻止水进入”表述矛盾，错误；
B选项：原文提到这款房屋登上了日本热门电视节目，线上关注度很高，测试表现也十分优异，可以合理推断它未来可能会越来越受欢迎，符合逻辑，正确；
C选项：全文完全没有提及房屋的售价相关内容，属于无中生有，错误；
D选项：“所有人都想买这款房子”表述过于绝对，原文没有相关依据，错误。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. B
【知识点】
细节信息查找，语篇逻辑衔接，合理推理判断
【点评】
本题围绕灾害防范主题的科普说明文展开，覆盖了初中英语阅读三类高频考点，既考察学生快速定位原文细节的能力，也要求学生能梳理段落逻辑、依托原文信息做合理推断，提醒学生做推理类题目时不能加入主观臆断，要严格排除无中生有、表述绝对的干扰项。
【难度系数】
0.6
拿到这篇阅读理解，首先先通读全文把握核心内容：本文是一篇介绍日本研发的抗洪漂浮房屋的说明文，贴合灾害防范的主题。接下来按题型逐个解题：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，只需要把每个选项对应到原文的定位处，逐一比对排除错误选项，就能选出符合原文描述的答案；
2. 第2题是信息回填题，要结合空后段落的核心内容，选出能总领全段的问句，判断段落核心讲的是房屋的运作原理，就能匹配到正确选项；
3. 第3题是推理判断题，所有推断必须严格依托原文给出的信息，排除无中生有、表述绝对的错误选项，选出逻辑合理的推断结果。
【解析】
1. 第1题：
逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文第二段明确提到这款房屋在网上收获了大量关注，和“几乎没受到关注”表述矛盾，错误；
B选项：原文第三段提到测试刚开始的时候它看起来和普通房子完全一样，和“一开始外观和其他房子不同”表述矛盾，错误；
C选项：原文第三段明确说明观众可以看到房屋结构离开地面，最终漂浮在地面上方几英寸的位置，表述完全符合原文，正确；
D选项：原文第五段提到洪水退去后，漂浮的房屋会落回自己原本的位置，和“无法落回原位”表述矛盾，错误。
2. 第2题：
空后段落依次介绍了洪水时自动闭合的通风口、防进水的管道阀门、安置在建筑上半区的电器等设计，全部内容都在解释这款抗洪房屋是如何实现抗洪功能的：
A选项“抗洪房屋长什么样”，本段没有介绍外观，不符合；
B选项“抗洪房屋是如何工作的”，刚好总领全段对运作原理的介绍，符合逻辑；
C选项“谁发明了抗洪房屋”，前文已经明确介绍了研发方，本段没有相关内容，不符合；
D选项“抗洪房屋在哪里”，本段没有提及地点相关内容，不符合。
3. 第3题：
逐一分析选项：
A选项：本段介绍的各类设计都是为了阻止水进入房屋，和“房屋无法阻止水进入”表述矛盾，错误；
B选项：原文提到这款房屋登上了日本热门电视节目，线上关注度很高，测试表现也十分优异，可以合理推断它未来可能会越来越受欢迎，符合逻辑，正确；
C选项：全文完全没有提及房屋的售价相关内容，属于无中生有，错误；
D选项：“所有人都想买这款房子”表述过于绝对，原文没有相关依据，错误。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. B
【知识点】
细节信息查找，语篇逻辑衔接，合理推理判断
【点评】
本题围绕灾害防范主题的科普说明文展开，覆盖了初中英语阅读三类高频考点，既考察学生快速定位原文细节的能力，也要求学生能梳理段落逻辑、依托原文信息做合理推断，提醒学生做推理类题目时不能加入主观臆断，要严格排除无中生有、表述绝对的干扰项。
【难度系数】
0.6