4. If the building is on fire and you're trapped in it, you should
A.take a lift to the ground floor
B.hide under the big desks or chairs
C.turn off the lights in the room
D.cover your mouth and nose with wet towels
D
to protect yourself.A.take a lift to the ground floor
B.hide under the big desks or chairs
C.turn off the lights in the room
D.cover your mouth and nose with wet towels
答案:4. D
解析:
【解析】
本题考查火灾逃生的安全常识:
- 选项A:发生火灾时电梯易因断电停运,且电梯井会形成烟囱效应灌入浓烟,乘坐电梯逃生的做法错误。
- 选项B:躲在大型桌椅下方无法有效阻挡浓烟和火势蔓延,不是正确的火灾被困自保方式。
- 选项C:火灾被困时关闭灯光会导致视线受阻,不利于后续救援人员发现被困者,该做法错误。
- 选项D:用湿毛巾捂住口鼻可以过滤有毒浓烟,减少有害烟气吸入,是火灾被困时正确的自保做法。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
火灾逃生常识
【点评】
本题结合生活安全场景考查英语语境下的火灾自救常识判断,难度较低,要求学生掌握基础的消防安全知识,能够区分火灾场景下的正确与错误操作。
【难度系数】
0.9
本题考查火灾逃生的安全常识:
- 选项A:发生火灾时电梯易因断电停运,且电梯井会形成烟囱效应灌入浓烟,乘坐电梯逃生的做法错误。
- 选项B:躲在大型桌椅下方无法有效阻挡浓烟和火势蔓延,不是正确的火灾被困自保方式。
- 选项C:火灾被困时关闭灯光会导致视线受阻,不利于后续救援人员发现被困者,该做法错误。
- 选项D:用湿毛巾捂住口鼻可以过滤有毒浓烟,减少有害烟气吸入,是火灾被困时正确的自保做法。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
火灾逃生常识
【点评】
本题结合生活安全场景考查英语语境下的火灾自救常识判断,难度较低,要求学生掌握基础的消防安全知识,能够区分火灾场景下的正确与错误操作。
【难度系数】
0.9
五、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 请尽快给我回复。 Please send me a reply
2. 警察总是告诫司机不要酒后驾车。
The policeman always
3. 春节至今已有大约4 000年的历史。
The Spring Festival has had a history of about 4,000 years
4. 她用一块湿布擦拭桌子。(with a wet cloth)
1. 请尽快给我回复。 Please send me a reply
as soon as possible
.2. 警察总是告诫司机不要酒后驾车。
The policeman always
warns drivers not to
drive after drinking.3. 春节至今已有大约4 000年的历史。
The Spring Festival has had a history of about 4,000 years
so far
.4. 她用一块湿布擦拭桌子。(with a wet cloth)
She cleaned the table with a wet cloth.
答案:1. as soon as possible 2. warns drivers not to 3. so far 4. She cleaned the table with a wet cloth.
解析:
【分析】
做这类根据汉语提示完成句子的题型,解题思路可以按三步走:第一,先对照给出的半句话英文和对应的完整汉语意思,精准定位空缺部分需要翻译的内容;第二,结合已学的英语固定搭配、句型规则,匹配对应的英文表达,同时要额外注意时态、主谓一致、名词泛指这类语法细节,保证句子逻辑和语法都通顺;第三,填完后通读整句,验证搭配和语法是否合理。比如第1题空缺对应“尽快”,直接回忆对应的常用时间状语短语;第2题空缺对应“告诫司机不要”,要用到告诫某人不做某事的固定结构,还要注意主语是第三人称单数、时态是一般现在时的变形要求;第3题空缺对应“至今”,要选和句中现在完成时适配的时间状语短语;第4题整句翻译,要把指定提示短语with a wet cloth合理嵌入句子,选择符合语境的时态即可。
【解析】
1. 空缺处对应含义“尽快”,英语中常用固定短语as soon as possible表达该含义,放在句末作方式状语,符合句子语境。
2. “告诫某人不要做某事”的固定结构是warn sb. not to do sth.,句中主语the policeman是第三人称单数,且有频度副词always提示用一般现在时,谓语动词warn要变为第三人称单数形式warns,“司机”用复数drivers表泛指所有司机,因此组合得到warns drivers not to。
3. 空缺处对应含义“至今”,固定短语so far意为“到目前为止、至今”,刚好和句中的现在完成时has had的时态适配,符合语法规则。
4. 句子主语为She,“擦拭桌子”的动作已经发生,用一般过去时,“擦拭”用cleaned,“桌子”是the table,再把指定提示短语with a wet cloth放在句末作伴随状语,组合得到完整句子She cleaned the table with a wet cloth.
【答案】
1. as soon as possible 2. warns drivers not to 3. so far 4. She cleaned the table with a wet cloth.
【知识点】
固定短语搭配,动词固定结构,基础汉译英
【点评】
本题全部是初中阶段的高频基础考点,都是课本中反复出现的核心短语和常用句式,整体难度不高,易错点集中在第二题的主谓一致变形,不少学生容易忽略主语是第三人称单数漏给warn加s,大家平时积累短语的时候,不要只记短语的中文意思,也要同步留意它对应的语法使用规则,避免形式出错。
【难度系数】
0.8
做这类根据汉语提示完成句子的题型,解题思路可以按三步走:第一,先对照给出的半句话英文和对应的完整汉语意思,精准定位空缺部分需要翻译的内容;第二,结合已学的英语固定搭配、句型规则,匹配对应的英文表达,同时要额外注意时态、主谓一致、名词泛指这类语法细节,保证句子逻辑和语法都通顺;第三,填完后通读整句,验证搭配和语法是否合理。比如第1题空缺对应“尽快”,直接回忆对应的常用时间状语短语;第2题空缺对应“告诫司机不要”,要用到告诫某人不做某事的固定结构,还要注意主语是第三人称单数、时态是一般现在时的变形要求;第3题空缺对应“至今”,要选和句中现在完成时适配的时间状语短语;第4题整句翻译,要把指定提示短语with a wet cloth合理嵌入句子,选择符合语境的时态即可。
【解析】
1. 空缺处对应含义“尽快”,英语中常用固定短语as soon as possible表达该含义,放在句末作方式状语,符合句子语境。
2. “告诫某人不要做某事”的固定结构是warn sb. not to do sth.,句中主语the policeman是第三人称单数,且有频度副词always提示用一般现在时,谓语动词warn要变为第三人称单数形式warns,“司机”用复数drivers表泛指所有司机,因此组合得到warns drivers not to。
3. 空缺处对应含义“至今”,固定短语so far意为“到目前为止、至今”,刚好和句中的现在完成时has had的时态适配,符合语法规则。
4. 句子主语为She,“擦拭桌子”的动作已经发生,用一般过去时,“擦拭”用cleaned,“桌子”是the table,再把指定提示短语with a wet cloth放在句末作伴随状语,组合得到完整句子She cleaned the table with a wet cloth.
【答案】
1. as soon as possible 2. warns drivers not to 3. so far 4. She cleaned the table with a wet cloth.
【知识点】
固定短语搭配,动词固定结构,基础汉译英
【点评】
本题全部是初中阶段的高频基础考点,都是课本中反复出现的核心短语和常用句式,整体难度不高,易错点集中在第二题的主谓一致变形,不少学生容易忽略主语是第三人称单数漏给warn加s,大家平时积累短语的时候,不要只记短语的中文意思,也要同步留意它对应的语法使用规则,避免形式出错。
【难度系数】
0.8
六、完形填空。
主题群:灾害防范
子主题:防范措施
语篇类型:记叙文
难度:★★★
One cold winter morning, Mrs Wilton looked out of the window. 1 around the house was white after two days of heavy snow. It looked beautiful, but it was also dangerous.
Her two children, Tom and Lucy, did not go to school that day because of the snowstorm. Their father called from work to say the 2 were closed, and that buses stopped running. He might not be able to come home.
3 , Mrs Wilton heard a loud sound. The big tree in their yard fell down, and at that moment, the lights 4 . The television stopped, and even the phone became useless. The children were 5 at first, but Mrs Wilton stayed calm. She gently told them they must take care of each other and stay safe.
Without 6 , many things in the house no longer worked: the fridge, the TV, the computer, and the heater. However, the Wiltons were prepared. They had candles(蜡烛) for light and a wood stove(炉子) for heat. Mrs Wilton cooked noodles on the stove, and soon the house felt warm again.
They also had a small radio. From the news, they 7 that the snowstorm caused power cuts in many areas, and many families were not ready for the sudden changes. Thinking of this, Mrs Wilton felt 8 that her family had prepared for cold nights like this.
Later that night, Mrs Wilton and her children played games and told jokes. Before going to bed, they stepped outside and looked at the quiet snow 9 the stars. Even without power, they felt safe and lucky, because they knew how to live a 10 life when facing difficulties. Their care for each other made the night feel warm.
1. A. Something
B. Anything
C. Everything
D. Nothing
2. A. parks
B. roads
C. windows
D. libraries
3. A. Suddenly
B. Firstly
C. Finally
D. Lastly
4. A. went on
B. turned down
C. turned up
D. went out
5. A. quiet
B. nervous
C. relaxed
D. bored
6. A. light
B. water
C. food
D. power
7. A. worked out
B. searched out
C. found out
D. pointed out
8. A. homeless
B. hopeful
C. helpless
D. thankful
9. A. under
B. above
C. over
D. beyond
10. A. simple
B. lonely
C. poor
D. strange
主题群:灾害防范
子主题:防范措施
语篇类型:记叙文
难度:★★★
One cold winter morning, Mrs Wilton looked out of the window. 1 around the house was white after two days of heavy snow. It looked beautiful, but it was also dangerous.
Her two children, Tom and Lucy, did not go to school that day because of the snowstorm. Their father called from work to say the 2 were closed, and that buses stopped running. He might not be able to come home.
3 , Mrs Wilton heard a loud sound. The big tree in their yard fell down, and at that moment, the lights 4 . The television stopped, and even the phone became useless. The children were 5 at first, but Mrs Wilton stayed calm. She gently told them they must take care of each other and stay safe.
Without 6 , many things in the house no longer worked: the fridge, the TV, the computer, and the heater. However, the Wiltons were prepared. They had candles(蜡烛) for light and a wood stove(炉子) for heat. Mrs Wilton cooked noodles on the stove, and soon the house felt warm again.
They also had a small radio. From the news, they 7 that the snowstorm caused power cuts in many areas, and many families were not ready for the sudden changes. Thinking of this, Mrs Wilton felt 8 that her family had prepared for cold nights like this.
Later that night, Mrs Wilton and her children played games and told jokes. Before going to bed, they stepped outside and looked at the quiet snow 9 the stars. Even without power, they felt safe and lucky, because they knew how to live a 10 life when facing difficulties. Their care for each other made the night feel warm.
1. A. Something
B. Anything
C. Everything
D. Nothing
2. A. parks
B. roads
C. windows
D. libraries
3. A. Suddenly
B. Firstly
C. Finally
D. Lastly
4. A. went on
B. turned down
C. turned up
D. went out
5. A. quiet
B. nervous
C. relaxed
D. bored
6. A. light
B. water
C. food
D. power
7. A. worked out
B. searched out
C. found out
D. pointed out
8. A. homeless
B. hopeful
C. helpless
D. thankful
9. A. under
B. above
C. over
D. beyond
10. A. simple
B. lonely
C. poor
D. strange
答案:1. C 根据 after two days of heavy snow 可知,大雪过后周围所有事物都变白了。
2. B 根据 buses stopped running 可知,暴风雪导致道路封闭,影响了交通。
3. A 根据 heard a loud sound 可知,大树倒下的声音是突然出现的。
4. D 根据“The television stopped, and even the phone became useless.”可知,此时停电了,灯熄灭了。
5. B 根据 but Mrs Wilton stayed calm 可知,孩子们一开始是紧张的。
6. D 根据“many things in the house no longer worked: the fridge, the TV, the computer, and the heater”可知,电器无法使用,由此推测出是没有电力。
7. C 根据 From the news 可知,他们通过新闻了解到相关情况。
8. D 根据 her family had prepared for cold nights like this 可知,她为家人的提前准备感到感激。
9. A 雪是在星空之下的,用 under the stars 表示“在星空下”。
10. A 根据“However, the Wiltons were prepared. They had candles for light and a wood stove for heat.”可知,他们用蜡烛、木炉等简单物资度过夜晚,由此推断出此处指过简单的生活。
2. B 根据 buses stopped running 可知,暴风雪导致道路封闭,影响了交通。
3. A 根据 heard a loud sound 可知,大树倒下的声音是突然出现的。
4. D 根据“The television stopped, and even the phone became useless.”可知,此时停电了,灯熄灭了。
5. B 根据 but Mrs Wilton stayed calm 可知,孩子们一开始是紧张的。
6. D 根据“many things in the house no longer worked: the fridge, the TV, the computer, and the heater”可知,电器无法使用,由此推测出是没有电力。
7. C 根据 From the news 可知,他们通过新闻了解到相关情况。
8. D 根据 her family had prepared for cold nights like this 可知,她为家人的提前准备感到感激。
9. A 雪是在星空之下的,用 under the stars 表示“在星空下”。
10. A 根据“However, the Wiltons were prepared. They had candles for light and a wood stove for heat.”可知,他们用蜡烛、木炉等简单物资度过夜晚,由此推断出此处指过简单的生活。
解析:
【分析】
拿到这篇记叙文完形填空,首先先通读全文梳理故事主线:大雪过后威尔顿一家遭遇暴风雪突发停电,依靠提前做好的应急准备顺利度过特殊寒夜的经历。解题时先把握整体灾害防范相关的叙事逻辑,之后逐空定位上下文的提示线索:遇到转折连词but要重点关注前后的反义逻辑,遇到举例说明的内容要对应总结出核心要素,结合词义辨析排除不符合语境的选项,几乎每道题的正确答案都能在前后文找到对应提示,不需要脱离语篇凭空猜测。
【解析】
1. 选C。下了两天大雪后,屋子周围所有事物都被积雪覆盖变成白色,Everything表示“所有事物”,A选项Something指某些东西,B选项Anything多用于否定/疑问句表任何事物,D选项Nothing指没有东西,均不符合大雪后万物全白的语境,排除。
2. 选B。后文提到公交车停运,说明暴风雪导致道路封闭、交通中断,roads道路符合逻辑,A公园、C窗户、D图书馆都和公交停运没有关联,排除。
3. 选A。此处描述威尔顿太太毫无预兆听到大树倒下的巨响,Suddenly“突然地”符合事件的突发性,Firstly首先、Finally最终、Lastly最后都不符合场景逻辑,排除。
4. 选D。后文提到电视停止运行、电话也失效了,说明此时停电,灯熄灭了,went out可表示(灯)熄灭,A went on继续、B turned down调小音量、C turned up调大音量,都不符合停电的状态,排除。
5. 选B。后文出现转折信息“Mrs Wilton stayed calm(威尔顿太太保持冷静)”,前后构成反义逻辑,说明孩子们一开始的状态是紧张不安的,nervous紧张的符合语境,A安静的、C放松的、D无聊的都和“冷静”不构成反义转折,排除。
6. 选D。后文列举冰箱、电视、电脑、加热器全部无法工作,这些都是靠电力驱动的设备,说明没有电力后这些电器全部失效,power电力符合语境,A灯光、B水、C食物都无法让所有这类电器同时停止运行,排除。
7. 选C。他们通过收听新闻,了解到暴风雪导致多区域停电的消息,found out表示“查明、获知”,符合从新闻获取信息的语境,A算出、B搜寻出、D指出,均不符合语义,排除。
8. 选D。想到很多家庭对突发停电毫无准备,威尔顿太太很感激自己家提前为这类寒夜做好了准备,thankful感激的符合语境,A无家可归的、B有希望的、C无助的都不符合语义,排除。
9. 选A。他们走到屋外,在星空下看着静谧的积雪,under the stars是固定搭配,表示“在星空之下”,符合场景逻辑,其余介词above在…上方、over在…正上方、beyond超出都不符合语境,排除。
10. 选A。没有电力的情况下,他们依靠蜡烛、柴炉这些简单物资度过难关,此处指面对困难时懂得过简单的生活,simple简单的符合一家人平安幸运的心境,B孤独的、C贫穷的、D奇怪的均不符合语境,排除。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. A
【知识点】
完形语境推理 动词短语辨析 介词固定搭配
【点评】
本题选材贴近生活,围绕暴风雪灾害的应急防范展开,考点侧重基础词义辨析和上下文线索提取,大部分题目都有明确的前后文提示,难度适中,学生在解题的同时也能学习到灾害应急准备的相关常识,兼具知识性和教育意义。
【难度系数】
0.7
拿到这篇记叙文完形填空,首先先通读全文梳理故事主线:大雪过后威尔顿一家遭遇暴风雪突发停电,依靠提前做好的应急准备顺利度过特殊寒夜的经历。解题时先把握整体灾害防范相关的叙事逻辑,之后逐空定位上下文的提示线索:遇到转折连词but要重点关注前后的反义逻辑,遇到举例说明的内容要对应总结出核心要素,结合词义辨析排除不符合语境的选项,几乎每道题的正确答案都能在前后文找到对应提示,不需要脱离语篇凭空猜测。
【解析】
1. 选C。下了两天大雪后,屋子周围所有事物都被积雪覆盖变成白色,Everything表示“所有事物”,A选项Something指某些东西,B选项Anything多用于否定/疑问句表任何事物,D选项Nothing指没有东西,均不符合大雪后万物全白的语境,排除。
2. 选B。后文提到公交车停运,说明暴风雪导致道路封闭、交通中断,roads道路符合逻辑,A公园、C窗户、D图书馆都和公交停运没有关联,排除。
3. 选A。此处描述威尔顿太太毫无预兆听到大树倒下的巨响,Suddenly“突然地”符合事件的突发性,Firstly首先、Finally最终、Lastly最后都不符合场景逻辑,排除。
4. 选D。后文提到电视停止运行、电话也失效了,说明此时停电,灯熄灭了,went out可表示(灯)熄灭,A went on继续、B turned down调小音量、C turned up调大音量,都不符合停电的状态,排除。
5. 选B。后文出现转折信息“Mrs Wilton stayed calm(威尔顿太太保持冷静)”,前后构成反义逻辑,说明孩子们一开始的状态是紧张不安的,nervous紧张的符合语境,A安静的、C放松的、D无聊的都和“冷静”不构成反义转折,排除。
6. 选D。后文列举冰箱、电视、电脑、加热器全部无法工作,这些都是靠电力驱动的设备,说明没有电力后这些电器全部失效,power电力符合语境,A灯光、B水、C食物都无法让所有这类电器同时停止运行,排除。
7. 选C。他们通过收听新闻,了解到暴风雪导致多区域停电的消息,found out表示“查明、获知”,符合从新闻获取信息的语境,A算出、B搜寻出、D指出,均不符合语义,排除。
8. 选D。想到很多家庭对突发停电毫无准备,威尔顿太太很感激自己家提前为这类寒夜做好了准备,thankful感激的符合语境,A无家可归的、B有希望的、C无助的都不符合语义,排除。
9. 选A。他们走到屋外,在星空下看着静谧的积雪,under the stars是固定搭配,表示“在星空之下”,符合场景逻辑,其余介词above在…上方、over在…正上方、beyond超出都不符合语境,排除。
10. 选A。没有电力的情况下,他们依靠蜡烛、柴炉这些简单物资度过难关,此处指面对困难时懂得过简单的生活,simple简单的符合一家人平安幸运的心境,B孤独的、C贫穷的、D奇怪的均不符合语境,排除。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. A
【知识点】
完形语境推理 动词短语辨析 介词固定搭配
【点评】
本题选材贴近生活,围绕暴风雪灾害的应急防范展开,考点侧重基础词义辨析和上下文线索提取,大部分题目都有明确的前后文提示,难度适中,学生在解题的同时也能学习到灾害应急准备的相关常识,兼具知识性和教育意义。
【难度系数】
0.7