根据首字母提示补全短文。
A
Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can come from 1. h
Floods also 3. c
Floods are becoming more common, and one major 5. r
So, what can we do? Early warning systems can tell people 7. w
Floods are a big challenge. 9. B
A
Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can come from 1. h
heavy
rains, rivers that rise too high, or big waves from the sea. Floods can be very 2. ddangerous
. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of floods.Floods also 3. c
cause
many other problems. In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. In 2023, floods in Slovenia caused 4. ddamage
equal to about 16% of the country's economy. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, food can become hard to find, and dirty water can spread disease.Floods are becoming more common, and one major 5. r
reason
is that the Earth's temperature is rising. When the Earth gets warmer, the air can 6. hhold
more water. This makes rain heavier and storms stronger. Also, dry ground cannot soak up water well. Water flows quickly into low areas and causes flooding.So, what can we do? Early warning systems can tell people 7. w
when
floods are coming, so they have time to get to safe places. Building sea walls can help stop floodwater. Cities are also turning into "sponge cities" by building special streets and green spaces. These features help soak up rainwater, slow it down, and 8. rreduce
the risk of flooding. But in some places, scientists say the safest way may be a plan called "managed retreat". This means moving people away from areas that flood again and again.Floods are a big challenge. 9. B
But
if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our homes. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real 10. ddifference
.答案：1. heavy 2. dangerous 3. cause 4. damage 5. reason
6. hold 7. when 8. reduce 9. But 10. difference
6. hold 7. when 8. reduce 9. But 10. difference
解析：
【分析】
做这类首字母补全短文题，首先第一步要通读全文，明确本文围绕洪水的成因、危害、应对措施展开的科普主题，掌握整体语境逻辑；第二步逐个分析每个空格前后的语义关系，判断空格所需的词性，结合给出的首字母提示匹配对应的常用词汇；全部填完后还要通读全文，验证所有词汇是否符合语法规则、语义是否连贯通顺。比如遇到修饰rains的h开头的词，先联想描述雨大的常用表达，再结合后文洪水的成因就能快速锁定词汇。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰名词rains，需填入形容词，结合语境“洪水来自_____降雨、水位暴涨的河流或者海上的巨浪”，heavy rains是固定常用搭配表示“大雨、强降雨”，符合语义，故填heavy。
2. 空格放在very之后作表语，需填入形容词，根据后文“每年数千人因洪水丧生”，能推出洪水是非常危险的，dangerous表示“危险的”，符合语境，故填dangerous。
3. 空格作句子谓语，主语是Floods，后文接many other problems，结合语境“洪水也会_____很多其他问题”，cause表示“造成、引发”，情态动词后用动词原形，故填cause。
4. 空格作caused的宾语，根据后文“相当于该国经济总量的16%”，可知此处指洪水造成的经济损失，damage作名词表示“损失、损害”，符合语义，故填damage。
5. 前文提到洪水发生得越来越频繁，后文指出“地球气温上升”，这是对应的主要原因，reason表示“原因”，前面有one修饰用单数形式，故填reason。
6. 空格放在情态动词can之后，需填入动词原形，语境“当地球变暖，空气可以_____更多的水分”，hold表示“容纳、持有”，符合逻辑，故填hold。
7. 空格引导宾语从句作tell people的宾语，语境“预警系统可以告知人们洪水_____即将来临”，when表示“什么时候”，符合预警的功能逻辑，故填when。
8. 空格和前面的soak up、slow down并列，需填入动词原形，语境“这些设施帮助吸收雨水、减缓水流速度，_____洪水发生的风险”，reduce表示“降低、减少”，符合语义，故填reduce。
9. 前文“洪水是一个巨大的挑战”，后文“如果我们共同努力、合理规划，我们就能保障安全、保护家园”，前后是转折关系，单词首字母需要大写，故填But。
10. 此处是固定搭配make a difference，表示“有影响、起作用”，符合语境“我们完全可以做出有效的改变”，故填difference。
【答案】
1. heavy 2. dangerous 3. cause 4. damage 5. reason
6. hold 7. when 8. reduce 9. But 10. difference
【知识点】
首字母填空、常用固定搭配、语境语义辨析
【点评】
本题是科普类首字母填空题型，整体贴合学生的词汇积累范围，大部分空格可以通过上下文逻辑直接推导，既考察学生对全文主题的梳理能力，也考察了常用词汇、固定短语的积累，学生解题时要注意先通读全文把握整体语境，不要孤立地逐个填词，填完后通读验证可以有效避免逻辑矛盾的错误。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类首字母补全短文题，首先第一步要通读全文，明确本文围绕洪水的成因、危害、应对措施展开的科普主题，掌握整体语境逻辑；第二步逐个分析每个空格前后的语义关系，判断空格所需的词性，结合给出的首字母提示匹配对应的常用词汇；全部填完后还要通读全文，验证所有词汇是否符合语法规则、语义是否连贯通顺。比如遇到修饰rains的h开头的词，先联想描述雨大的常用表达，再结合后文洪水的成因就能快速锁定词汇。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰名词rains，需填入形容词，结合语境“洪水来自_____降雨、水位暴涨的河流或者海上的巨浪”，heavy rains是固定常用搭配表示“大雨、强降雨”，符合语义，故填heavy。
2. 空格放在very之后作表语，需填入形容词，根据后文“每年数千人因洪水丧生”，能推出洪水是非常危险的，dangerous表示“危险的”，符合语境，故填dangerous。
3. 空格作句子谓语，主语是Floods，后文接many other problems，结合语境“洪水也会_____很多其他问题”，cause表示“造成、引发”，情态动词后用动词原形，故填cause。
4. 空格作caused的宾语，根据后文“相当于该国经济总量的16%”，可知此处指洪水造成的经济损失，damage作名词表示“损失、损害”，符合语义，故填damage。
5. 前文提到洪水发生得越来越频繁，后文指出“地球气温上升”，这是对应的主要原因，reason表示“原因”，前面有one修饰用单数形式，故填reason。
6. 空格放在情态动词can之后，需填入动词原形，语境“当地球变暖，空气可以_____更多的水分”，hold表示“容纳、持有”，符合逻辑，故填hold。
7. 空格引导宾语从句作tell people的宾语，语境“预警系统可以告知人们洪水_____即将来临”，when表示“什么时候”，符合预警的功能逻辑，故填when。
8. 空格和前面的soak up、slow down并列，需填入动词原形，语境“这些设施帮助吸收雨水、减缓水流速度，_____洪水发生的风险”，reduce表示“降低、减少”，符合语义，故填reduce。
9. 前文“洪水是一个巨大的挑战”，后文“如果我们共同努力、合理规划，我们就能保障安全、保护家园”，前后是转折关系，单词首字母需要大写，故填But。
10. 此处是固定搭配make a difference，表示“有影响、起作用”，符合语境“我们完全可以做出有效的改变”，故填difference。
【答案】
1. heavy 2. dangerous 3. cause 4. damage 5. reason
6. hold 7. when 8. reduce 9. But 10. difference
【知识点】
首字母填空、常用固定搭配、语境语义辨析
【点评】
本题是科普类首字母填空题型，整体贴合学生的词汇积累范围，大部分空格可以通过上下文逻辑直接推导，既考察学生对全文主题的梳理能力，也考察了常用词汇、固定短语的积累，学生解题时要注意先通读全文把握整体语境，不要孤立地逐个填词，填完后通读验证可以有效避免逻辑矛盾的错误。
【难度系数】
0.6
B 原典品读
That Saturday afternoon in the little town the Harpers and Aunt Polly's family prepared their 11. b_______ clothes for the funeral(葬礼) with great sadness. The village was unusually quiet. The Saturday holiday was difficult for the children. They had no pleasure in their games and finally stopped playing. In the afternoon Becky walked 12. u_______ round the empty school playground, feeling very sad. She said to 13. h_______, "I haven't got anything to remember him and I'll never see him again."
When the children returned from 14. s_______ the next morning, the bell at the funeral home began to ring. The villagers arrived, 15. t_______ in whispers about the sad event. But there was no whisper inside, and nobody could remember seeing the room so crowded. Aunt Polly entered, followed by Sid and Mary, and then by the Harper family, all dressed in black, and everyone 16. s_______ until the families sat down at the front.
They said something and sang a song. The speaker spoke about the three boys in such a way
that everyone thought they had made a 17. m______ to see only badness and problems in them.
The people were so moved that they all started 18. c______.
There was a slight noise which nobody noticed. A moment later the room's door 19. o______. The speaker stood still in surprise. First one and then another pair of eyes turned round, and then, almost at once, everyone stood up and looked while the 20. t______ "dead" boys came walking up the aisle(过道). They hid and listened to their own funeral service!
—Adapted from *The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
That Saturday afternoon in the little town the Harpers and Aunt Polly's family prepared their 11. b_______ clothes for the funeral(葬礼) with great sadness. The village was unusually quiet. The Saturday holiday was difficult for the children. They had no pleasure in their games and finally stopped playing. In the afternoon Becky walked 12. u_______ round the empty school playground, feeling very sad. She said to 13. h_______, "I haven't got anything to remember him and I'll never see him again."
When the children returned from 14. s_______ the next morning, the bell at the funeral home began to ring. The villagers arrived, 15. t_______ in whispers about the sad event. But there was no whisper inside, and nobody could remember seeing the room so crowded. Aunt Polly entered, followed by Sid and Mary, and then by the Harper family, all dressed in black, and everyone 16. s_______ until the families sat down at the front.
They said something and sang a song. The speaker spoke about the three boys in such a way
that everyone thought they had made a 17. m______ to see only badness and problems in them.
The people were so moved that they all started 18. c______.
There was a slight noise which nobody noticed. A moment later the room's door 19. o______. The speaker stood still in surprise. First one and then another pair of eyes turned round, and then, almost at once, everyone stood up and looked while the 20. t______ "dead" boys came walking up the aisle(过道). They hid and listened to their own funeral service!
—Adapted from *The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
答案：11. best 12. unhappily 13. herself 14. school
15. talking 16. stood 17. mistake 18. crying 19. opened
20. three
15. talking 16. stood 17. mistake 18. crying 19. opened
20. three
解析：
【解析】
11. 结合语境“为葬礼准备他们的______衣服”，首字母为b，葬礼通常会准备自己最好的衣服，填best。
12. 结合后文“feeling very sad”可知Becky是难过地在空操场踱步，修饰动词walk用副词，首字母为u，填unhappily。
13. 固定搭配say to oneself表示“自言自语”，主语是She，首字母为h，填herself。
14. 结合语境“第二天早上孩子们从______返回”，首字母为s，符合日常场景的是从学校返回，填school。
15. 句子已有谓语arrived，此处用现在分词作伴随状语，结合“in whispers about the sad event”表示低声谈论，首字母为t，填talking。
16. 结合语境“所有人都______，直到这家人坐到前排”，首字母为s，描述过去的动作，填stood。
17. 固定搭配make a mistake表示“犯了一个错误”，此处指大家意识到之前只看到孩子们的缺点是错的，首字母为m，填mistake。
18. 结合“The people were so moved”可知人们感动得开始哭泣，固定搭配start doing sth.，首字母为c，填crying。
19. 结合语境“片刻之后房间的门______”，描述过去发生的动作，首字母为o，填opened。
20. 前文多次提到the three boys，此处指这三个“死去的”男孩，首字母为t，填three。
【答案】
11. best
12. unhappily
13. herself
14. school
15. talking
16. stood
17. mistake
18. crying
19. opened
20. three
【知识点】
短文首字母填空；固定搭配；语境词汇运用
【点评】
本题选取《汤姆索亚历险记》的经典片段设题，需要结合上下文语境、常用固定搭配和语法规则推断缺失词汇，既考查词汇积累，也要求学生具备文本情节理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
11. 结合语境“为葬礼准备他们的______衣服”，首字母为b，葬礼通常会准备自己最好的衣服，填best。
12. 结合后文“feeling very sad”可知Becky是难过地在空操场踱步，修饰动词walk用副词，首字母为u，填unhappily。
13. 固定搭配say to oneself表示“自言自语”，主语是She，首字母为h，填herself。
14. 结合语境“第二天早上孩子们从______返回”，首字母为s，符合日常场景的是从学校返回，填school。
15. 句子已有谓语arrived，此处用现在分词作伴随状语，结合“in whispers about the sad event”表示低声谈论，首字母为t，填talking。
16. 结合语境“所有人都______，直到这家人坐到前排”，首字母为s，描述过去的动作，填stood。
17. 固定搭配make a mistake表示“犯了一个错误”，此处指大家意识到之前只看到孩子们的缺点是错的，首字母为m，填mistake。
18. 结合“The people were so moved”可知人们感动得开始哭泣，固定搭配start doing sth.，首字母为c，填crying。
19. 结合语境“片刻之后房间的门______”，描述过去发生的动作，首字母为o，填opened。
20. 前文多次提到the three boys，此处指这三个“死去的”男孩，首字母为t，填three。
【答案】
11. best
12. unhappily
13. herself
14. school
15. talking
16. stood
17. mistake
18. crying
19. opened
20. three
【知识点】
短文首字母填空；固定搭配；语境词汇运用
【点评】
本题选取《汤姆索亚历险记》的经典片段设题，需要结合上下文语境、常用固定搭配和语法规则推断缺失词汇，既考查词汇积累，也要求学生具备文本情节理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6