B
Do you know anything about the first African-American woman astronaut? She was Mae Jemison. When she was young, she took dance classes in her spare time. Many of her friends enjoyed dancing and hoped to be dancers when they grew up. Mae did not have the same dream as them. Instead, Mae dreamed of becoming a scientist.
Few women had jobs as scientists in the 1960s. But Mae did not let that trouble her. She imagined flying in space. She knew that someday she would be an astronaut through her hard work. She once said, "That isn't my only dream. I want to know many other things." Mae studied science in college. She also studied languages. After she got her degree, she joined the Peace Corps as a medical officer and treated people in Africa.
When Mae returned home, she still wanted to visit space. She tried to get into the national space program, but she was not chosen. Mae didn't give up. After she tried twice, she succeeded in passing all the exams and was accepted. In 1987, Mae began training to fly in a space shuttle(航天飞机). Finally, in 1992, she was picked to fly in space.
Mae and six others got on the space shuttle. It took off, and soon they were in space. Mae had jobs on the shuttle. She ran tests on bone cells. She had frogs and frog eggs in the shuttle's lab. She watched to see if space changed how they grew. Her study would help find ways to treat sick people.
On the way to achieving her dream, Mae met many difficulties, but she didn't give up. You see, if you are brave and stick to your dreams, you will get something wonderful.
(
A. asking a number of questions
B. providing background information
C. listing and comparing numbers
D. showing some examples of the topic
(
① She took dance classes with other people.
② She joined the Peace Corps.
③ She began to fly in space.
④ She studied science in college.
A. ③→②→①→④
B. ①→④→③→②
C. ①→④→②→③
D. ②→①→③→④
(
A. performed
B. found
C. changed
D. tried
(
A. the American astronauts
B. Mae's dream
C. the American space program
D. the ways to be an astronaut
(
A. Many hands make light work.
B. Never judge a book by its cover.
C. Hang on and you will be successful.
D. The longest journey begins with the first step.
Do you know anything about the first African-American woman astronaut? She was Mae Jemison. When she was young, she took dance classes in her spare time. Many of her friends enjoyed dancing and hoped to be dancers when they grew up. Mae did not have the same dream as them. Instead, Mae dreamed of becoming a scientist.
Few women had jobs as scientists in the 1960s. But Mae did not let that trouble her. She imagined flying in space. She knew that someday she would be an astronaut through her hard work. She once said, "That isn't my only dream. I want to know many other things." Mae studied science in college. She also studied languages. After she got her degree, she joined the Peace Corps as a medical officer and treated people in Africa.
When Mae returned home, she still wanted to visit space. She tried to get into the national space program, but she was not chosen. Mae didn't give up. After she tried twice, she succeeded in passing all the exams and was accepted. In 1987, Mae began training to fly in a space shuttle(航天飞机). Finally, in 1992, she was picked to fly in space.
Mae and six others got on the space shuttle. It took off, and soon they were in space. Mae had jobs on the shuttle. She ran tests on bone cells. She had frogs and frog eggs in the shuttle's lab. She watched to see if space changed how they grew. Her study would help find ways to treat sick people.
On the way to achieving her dream, Mae met many difficulties, but she didn't give up. You see, if you are brave and stick to your dreams, you will get something wonderful.
(
B
)6. (创新考法·行文方式)The writer starts the passage by .A. asking a number of questions
B. providing background information
C. listing and comparing numbers
D. showing some examples of the topic
(
C
)7. (创新考法·信息排序)Which of the following is the right order about Mae's life according to the passage?① She took dance classes with other people.
② She joined the Peace Corps.
③ She began to fly in space.
④ She studied science in college.
A. ③→②→①→④
B. ①→④→③→②
C. ①→④→②→③
D. ②→①→③→④
(
A
)8. The underlined word "ran" means "".A. performed
B. found
C. changed
D. tried
(
B
)9. The passage is mainly about .A. the American astronauts
B. Mae's dream
C. the American space program
D. the ways to be an astronaut
(
C
)10. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many hands make light work.
B. Never judge a book by its cover.
C. Hang on and you will be successful.
D. The longest journey begins with the first step.
答案：6. B 行文方式题。文章开篇直接介绍了首位非洲裔美国女性宇航员梅的身份,以及她小时候的爱好和与众不同的梦想,这些内容是为了引出主人公梅,属于提供背景信息。
7. C 信息排序题。根据文章内容可知,梅小时候参加了舞蹈班(①),然后在大学学理科(④),毕业后加入和平队(②),最终在1992年飞入太空(③)。因此,正确顺序是①→④→②→③。
8. A 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“She ran tests on bone cells.”以及后文的描述可以推断,梅在航天飞机上进行了实验。因此,ran 在这里的意思是“进行”或“执行”,“performed(执行)”符合题意。
9. B 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了梅追求梦想,最终成为第一位非洲裔美国女性宇航员的故事。因此,文章主要是关于梅的梦想。
10. C 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“On the way to achieving her dream, Mae met many difficulties, but she didn't give up.”,点明梅在追梦路上遭遇诸多困难但从未放弃,最终取得成功。这体现了“坚持下去就会成功”的道理。
7. C 信息排序题。根据文章内容可知,梅小时候参加了舞蹈班(①),然后在大学学理科(④),毕业后加入和平队(②),最终在1992年飞入太空(③)。因此,正确顺序是①→④→②→③。
8. A 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“She ran tests on bone cells.”以及后文的描述可以推断,梅在航天飞机上进行了实验。因此,ran 在这里的意思是“进行”或“执行”,“performed(执行)”符合题意。
9. B 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了梅追求梦想,最终成为第一位非洲裔美国女性宇航员的故事。因此,文章主要是关于梅的梦想。
10. C 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“On the way to achieving her dream, Mae met many difficulties, but she didn't give up.”,点明梅在追梦路上遭遇诸多困难但从未放弃,最终取得成功。这体现了“坚持下去就会成功”的道理。
解析：
【分析】
拿到这篇人物传记类阅读理解，我们可以带着题干问题逐一对应文章内容解题：第6题问开篇行文方式，先定位文章开头段落，逐一排除不符合的选项，判断开篇的作用是引出主人公、铺垫背景；第7题是事件排序题，顺着文章的时间线，逐个找到四个事件在文中出现的先后位置，就能排出正确顺序；第8题词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的航天科研场景，推断单词的含义；第9题主旨大意题，梳理全文核心叙事线索，排除范围过大、偏离核心的干扰选项，锁定文章核心主题；第10题推理判断题，重点关注文章结尾的主旨升华段，匹配对应的哲理谚语即可选出正确答案。
【解析】
6. 细节判断题：文章开篇仅用一个问句引出首位非裔美国女性宇航员的身份，随后直接介绍主人公Mae年少时的经历与梦想，属于为后续叙事提供背景信息引出下文。A选项“问很多问题”不符合原文开篇仅一个问句的特征；C选项全文没有出现列举对比数字的内容；D选项开篇没有展示多个主题相关的示例，因此只有B选项符合要求。
7. 信息排序题：逐一定位事件位置：①年少时上舞蹈课出现在第一段；④大学学习科学出现在第二段；②毕业后加入和平队出现在第二段末尾；③1992年进入太空飞行出现在第三段末尾，先后顺序为①→④→②→③，对应选项C。
8. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句描述Mae在航天飞机上开展骨细胞相关的测试，结合后文她在实验室观察青蛙生长的科研行为，可推断此处run表示“执行、开展”测试，和performed（执行）含义一致，选A。
9. 主旨大意题：全文围绕Mae Jemison从年少树立航天梦想，一路克服困难最终成为宇航员的经历展开，核心叙事线索是她追逐梦想的全过程。A选项范围过大，并非介绍所有美国宇航员；C选项偏离主题，没有重点介绍美国太空项目；D选项无中生有，文章没有讲解成为宇航员的方法，因此选B。
10. 推理判断题：文章最后一段点明核心道理：Mae在追梦路上遭遇诸多困难但始终没有放弃，最终收获了美好的结果，对应C选项“坚持下去你就会成功”。A选项含义为“众人拾柴火焰高”，B选项含义为“不要以貌取人”，D选项含义为“千里之行始于足下”，均不符合文章传递的核心道理。
【答案】
6-10: BCABC
【知识点】
阅读理解行文判断，词义猜测，主旨大意理解
【点评】
本题属于人物传记类阅读理解，加入了行文方式判断、事件排序的创新考法，既考查学生快速定位梳理细节信息的能力，也考查对行文逻辑、生词含义和文章主旨的理解，同时传递了坚持梦想永不放弃的正向价值观，考点覆盖全面，区分度合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
拿到这篇人物传记类阅读理解，我们可以带着题干问题逐一对应文章内容解题：第6题问开篇行文方式，先定位文章开头段落，逐一排除不符合的选项，判断开篇的作用是引出主人公、铺垫背景；第7题是事件排序题，顺着文章的时间线，逐个找到四个事件在文中出现的先后位置，就能排出正确顺序；第8题词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的航天科研场景，推断单词的含义；第9题主旨大意题，梳理全文核心叙事线索，排除范围过大、偏离核心的干扰选项，锁定文章核心主题；第10题推理判断题，重点关注文章结尾的主旨升华段，匹配对应的哲理谚语即可选出正确答案。
【解析】
6. 细节判断题：文章开篇仅用一个问句引出首位非裔美国女性宇航员的身份，随后直接介绍主人公Mae年少时的经历与梦想，属于为后续叙事提供背景信息引出下文。A选项“问很多问题”不符合原文开篇仅一个问句的特征；C选项全文没有出现列举对比数字的内容；D选项开篇没有展示多个主题相关的示例，因此只有B选项符合要求。
7. 信息排序题：逐一定位事件位置：①年少时上舞蹈课出现在第一段；④大学学习科学出现在第二段；②毕业后加入和平队出现在第二段末尾；③1992年进入太空飞行出现在第三段末尾，先后顺序为①→④→②→③，对应选项C。
8. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句描述Mae在航天飞机上开展骨细胞相关的测试，结合后文她在实验室观察青蛙生长的科研行为，可推断此处run表示“执行、开展”测试，和performed（执行）含义一致，选A。
9. 主旨大意题：全文围绕Mae Jemison从年少树立航天梦想，一路克服困难最终成为宇航员的经历展开，核心叙事线索是她追逐梦想的全过程。A选项范围过大，并非介绍所有美国宇航员；C选项偏离主题，没有重点介绍美国太空项目；D选项无中生有，文章没有讲解成为宇航员的方法，因此选B。
10. 推理判断题：文章最后一段点明核心道理：Mae在追梦路上遭遇诸多困难但始终没有放弃，最终收获了美好的结果，对应C选项“坚持下去你就会成功”。A选项含义为“众人拾柴火焰高”，B选项含义为“不要以貌取人”，D选项含义为“千里之行始于足下”，均不符合文章传递的核心道理。
【答案】
6-10: BCABC
【知识点】
阅读理解行文判断，词义猜测，主旨大意理解
【点评】
本题属于人物传记类阅读理解，加入了行文方式判断、事件排序的创新考法，既考查学生快速定位梳理细节信息的能力，也考查对行文逻辑、生词含义和文章主旨的理解，同时传递了坚持梦想永不放弃的正向价值观，考点覆盖全面，区分度合理。
【难度系数】
0.7