A
The United Nations decided that 2025 is the year of glacier protection. It set March 21,2025 as the first World Day for Glaciers. This event encouraged people to save glaciers.
What are glaciers? You can imagine glaciers as slowly-moving ice and snow on land. Over time, the snow adds up and turns into glacier ice. Glaciers have shaped mountains over the earth's history. They are still moving and changing land in many places today.
▲ Glaciers are not just needed for the land. When glaciers melt, the nutrients(养分) from the water are good for life in rivers and oceans. In some places, glaciers provide water for people and animals. Glaciers in the world cover 10% of the land. They also hold 70% of the earth's fresh water. In areas like the Himalayas, many people need glacier water to live. This water fills big rivers, such as the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra.
Why are glaciers disappearing(消失)? Climate change is leading to serious problems for glaciers. Many glaciers have disappeared. The atmosphere(大气层) around the earth is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping most heat from getting out. This makes the earth warm enough for life. But when we burn wood and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide. Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere and causes it to keep in too much heat. As the earth's temperature is increasing, glaciers melt faster.
The influence(影响) of glaciers disappearing If glaciers disappear, there will be less water for us to drink and farm with, while floods may happen more often. Mountains with glaciers are home to special ecosystems and a large number of animals. As temperatures rise and glaciers melt, they are not fit for these living things.
(
A. They are made of icy ocean water.
B. They disappear completely in summer.
C. They move slowly and change the land.
D. They are mainly on high mountain tops.
(
A. When do glaciers melt?
B. Why are glaciers important?
C. What will happen to glaciers?
D. How many glaciers are there in all?
(
(
A. There will be more drinking water.
B. The water will be better for farming.
C. Plants and animals will be in trouble.
D. There will be fewer floods than before.
(
A. To call for actions to protect glaciers.
B. To record glacier movement.
C. To introduce some facts about glaciers.
D. To show how glaciers shaped mountains.
The United Nations decided that 2025 is the year of glacier protection. It set March 21,2025 as the first World Day for Glaciers. This event encouraged people to save glaciers.
What are glaciers? You can imagine glaciers as slowly-moving ice and snow on land. Over time, the snow adds up and turns into glacier ice. Glaciers have shaped mountains over the earth's history. They are still moving and changing land in many places today.
▲ Glaciers are not just needed for the land. When glaciers melt, the nutrients(养分) from the water are good for life in rivers and oceans. In some places, glaciers provide water for people and animals. Glaciers in the world cover 10% of the land. They also hold 70% of the earth's fresh water. In areas like the Himalayas, many people need glacier water to live. This water fills big rivers, such as the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra.
Why are glaciers disappearing(消失)? Climate change is leading to serious problems for glaciers. Many glaciers have disappeared. The atmosphere(大气层) around the earth is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping most heat from getting out. This makes the earth warm enough for life. But when we burn wood and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide. Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere and causes it to keep in too much heat. As the earth's temperature is increasing, glaciers melt faster.
The influence(影响) of glaciers disappearing If glaciers disappear, there will be less water for us to drink and farm with, while floods may happen more often. Mountains with glaciers are home to special ecosystems and a large number of animals. As temperatures rise and glaciers melt, they are not fit for these living things.
(
C
)1. What can we know about glaciers in Paragraph 2?A. They are made of icy ocean water.
B. They disappear completely in summer.
C. They move slowly and change the land.
D. They are mainly on high mountain tops.
(
B
)2. (创新考法·信息回填)Which sentence can be put in "▲"?A. When do glaciers melt?
B. Why are glaciers important?
C. What will happen to glaciers?
D. How many glaciers are there in all?
(
A
)3. (创新考法·图片理解)How does the atmosphere deal with sunlight?(
C
)4. What will happen if glaciers disappear?A. There will be more drinking water.
B. The water will be better for farming.
C. Plants and animals will be in trouble.
D. There will be fewer floods than before.
(
A
)5. What is the main purpose(目的) of the text?A. To call for actions to protect glaciers.
B. To record glacier movement.
C. To introduce some facts about glaciers.
D. To show how glaciers shaped mountains.
答案：1. C 细节理解题。根据“You can imagine glaciers as slowly-moving ice and snow on land. Over time, the snow adds up and turns into glacier ice. Glaciers have shaped mountains over the earth's history. They are still moving and changing land in many places today.”可知,冰川移动缓慢,并且会改变陆地形态。
2. B 信息回填题。根据空格后“Glaciers are not just needed for the land ... This water fills big rivers, such as the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra.”可知,本段主要介绍了冰川对土地、生物、人类的作用,是在说明冰川的重要性。
3. A 图片理解题。根据第四段中“The atmosphere around the earth is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping most heat from getting out.”可知,大气层让阳光进入,同时阻挡大部分热量散失。
4. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mountains with glaciers are home to special ecosystems and a large number of animals. As temperatures rise and glaciers melt, they are not fit for these living things.”可知,冰川消失后,动植物会失去适宜的生存环境,陷入困境。
5. A 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,本文介绍了冰川的相关知识及消失的影响,核心目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护冰川。
2. B 信息回填题。根据空格后“Glaciers are not just needed for the land ... This water fills big rivers, such as the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra.”可知,本段主要介绍了冰川对土地、生物、人类的作用,是在说明冰川的重要性。
3. A 图片理解题。根据第四段中“The atmosphere around the earth is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping most heat from getting out.”可知,大气层让阳光进入,同时阻挡大部分热量散失。
4. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mountains with glaciers are home to special ecosystems and a large number of animals. As temperatures rise and glaciers melt, they are not fit for these living things.”可知,冰川消失后,动植物会失去适宜的生存环境,陷入困境。
5. A 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,本文介绍了冰川的相关知识及消失的影响,核心目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护冰川。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题时我们可以按照不同题型的思路逐一突破：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，直接定位到题干指定的第二段内容，将每个选项和原文描述逐一比对，排除和原文不符的错误选项即可得到答案。
2. 第2题是信息回填题，需要观察空格后整段的核心内容，判断段落主旨，选择能引出全段内容的总起句。
3. 第3题是跨学科图片理解题，先从原文找到大气层对阳光和热量的作用描述，再对照四幅示意图的箭头方向，选出和原文描述完全匹配的图。
4. 第4题是推理判断题，定位到最后一段关于冰川消失影响的内容，逐一排除和原文描述相悖的选项。
5. 第5题是主旨目的题，结合文章开篇的引入、全文的行文逻辑，判断作者写作的最终核心目的，不要把局部内容或者行文手段错当成最终目的。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第二段原文"You can imagine glaciers as slowly-moving ice and snow on land... They are still moving and changing land in many places today."可知：A选项冰川由海洋冰水构成，和原文“冰川是陆地上的冰雪”描述不符；B选项冰川夏季完全消失，原文无相关表述；C选项冰川移动缓慢且改变陆地形态，和原文完全匹配；D选项冰川主要分布在高山山顶，原文未提及，因此选C。
2. 第2题：空格后整段依次介绍了冰川塑造陆地、为河湖海洋生物提供养分、为人类和动物提供淡水资源、储存全球70%的淡水资源，全部内容都在阐述冰川的重要作用，因此段首总起句应该选择引出“冰川为什么重要”的B选项，其余选项的话题均和后文内容不匹配。
3. 第3题：根据第四段原文"The atmosphere around the earth is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping most heat from getting out."可知，大气层的作用是让太阳光顺利穿过到达地球，同时阻挡大部分热量向外散失留在地球附近，该描述和示意图A完全吻合，其余选项的阳光反射、热量全部散出的示意均不符合原文，因此选A。
4. 第4题：根据最后一段内容可知，冰川消失后可饮用和农耕的水资源会减少，洪水发生频率会升高，依赖冰川生态系统的动植物会失去适宜的生存环境，陷入生存危机。A“饮用水更多”、B“更利于农耕”、D“洪水更少”均和原文描述相悖，C“动植物会陷入困境”符合原文逻辑，因此选C。
5. 第5题：文章开篇就提到联合国设立首个世界冰川日，鼓励人们拯救冰川，后续依次介绍冰川的定义、重要价值、消失的原因、消失带来的各类危害，所有内容都是为了呼吁大众行动起来保护冰川。介绍冰川相关事实只是行文的手段，并非最终目的，因此核心写作目的选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A
【知识点】
细节信息查找，语篇逻辑推理，科普信息匹配
【点评】
本题属于典型的初中科普类阅读题，设置了信息回填、跨学科图片理解的创新考法，既考查学生快速定位原文细节的基础阅读能力，也要求学生梳理语篇整体逻辑、结合跨学科常识匹配示意图，难度梯度合理，能够有效检验学生的综合英语阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.65
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题时我们可以按照不同题型的思路逐一突破：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，直接定位到题干指定的第二段内容，将每个选项和原文描述逐一比对，排除和原文不符的错误选项即可得到答案。
2. 第2题是信息回填题，需要观察空格后整段的核心内容，判断段落主旨，选择能引出全段内容的总起句。
3. 第3题是跨学科图片理解题，先从原文找到大气层对阳光和热量的作用描述，再对照四幅示意图的箭头方向，选出和原文描述完全匹配的图。
4. 第4题是推理判断题，定位到最后一段关于冰川消失影响的内容，逐一排除和原文描述相悖的选项。
5. 第5题是主旨目的题，结合文章开篇的引入、全文的行文逻辑，判断作者写作的最终核心目的，不要把局部内容或者行文手段错当成最终目的。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第二段原文"You can imagine glaciers as slowly-moving ice and snow on land... They are still moving and changing land in many places today."可知：A选项冰川由海洋冰水构成，和原文“冰川是陆地上的冰雪”描述不符；B选项冰川夏季完全消失，原文无相关表述；C选项冰川移动缓慢且改变陆地形态，和原文完全匹配；D选项冰川主要分布在高山山顶，原文未提及，因此选C。
2. 第2题：空格后整段依次介绍了冰川塑造陆地、为河湖海洋生物提供养分、为人类和动物提供淡水资源、储存全球70%的淡水资源，全部内容都在阐述冰川的重要作用，因此段首总起句应该选择引出“冰川为什么重要”的B选项，其余选项的话题均和后文内容不匹配。
3. 第3题：根据第四段原文"The atmosphere around the earth is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping most heat from getting out."可知，大气层的作用是让太阳光顺利穿过到达地球，同时阻挡大部分热量向外散失留在地球附近，该描述和示意图A完全吻合，其余选项的阳光反射、热量全部散出的示意均不符合原文，因此选A。
4. 第4题：根据最后一段内容可知，冰川消失后可饮用和农耕的水资源会减少，洪水发生频率会升高，依赖冰川生态系统的动植物会失去适宜的生存环境，陷入生存危机。A“饮用水更多”、B“更利于农耕”、D“洪水更少”均和原文描述相悖，C“动植物会陷入困境”符合原文逻辑，因此选C。
5. 第5题：文章开篇就提到联合国设立首个世界冰川日，鼓励人们拯救冰川，后续依次介绍冰川的定义、重要价值、消失的原因、消失带来的各类危害，所有内容都是为了呼吁大众行动起来保护冰川。介绍冰川相关事实只是行文的手段，并非最终目的，因此核心写作目的选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A
【知识点】
细节信息查找，语篇逻辑推理，科普信息匹配
【点评】
本题属于典型的初中科普类阅读题，设置了信息回填、跨学科图片理解的创新考法，既考查学生快速定位原文细节的基础阅读能力，也要求学生梳理语篇整体逻辑、结合跨学科常识匹配示意图，难度梯度合理，能够有效检验学生的综合英语阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.65