一、为了让同学们对性格有一定认知,活动开始前 Mr Wang 分享了一篇文章。根据文章内容,完成下面小题。
What is personality?
Personality is the pattern of feelings, thoughts and behaviour shown through people's lives. It makes them different from others.
Each person's personality is made up of different personality characters such as kindness or shyness. These characters decide how people behave in different situations. For example, if someone shy is served the wrong meal in a restaurant, he probably won't say anything. On the other hand, someone outgoing will probably complain and get the meal he ordered.
Where does your personality come from?
The human brain is like a computer because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot.
However, humans aren't robots! We have personalities. The human brain has a special part giving us personality and allowing us to think for ourselves, unlike a computer. This part of the brain is called the mind.
Personality types
Clearly scientists cannot study the mind by looking inside someone's brain! All they would see is blood and grey matter. To study the mind, scientists have to study human behaviour. This includes watching people carefully and organizing personality tests like this one:
1. Do you think you're pretty or good-looking?
2. Would you rather read a book or go to a party?
3. Do you have a large group of friends or just one or two close friends?
4. Do you mind talking in public or does it scare you?
5. Are you messy or neat?
6. Do you plan your work well or do you do things at the last minute?
Scientists believe that answers to these types of questions tell us something about a person's personality characters. After asking thousands of people thousands of questions, they've found that some personality characters seem to go together. This has led scientists to believe that there're certain personality types. For example, shy people are often quiet. They have an introverted(内向的) personality type. The opposite is an extroverted(外向的) personality type—people who are outgoing, talkative and like being around other people.
1. Why is the human brain like a computer?
2. What part of the human brain gives us personality and allows us to think for ourselves?
3. How do scientists study human behaviour?
4. If someone is outgoing, what might he or she do when getting the wrong meal in a restaurant?
5. 新考法 开放性设问 What kind of personality type are you and what decides your personality?
What is personality?
Personality is the pattern of feelings, thoughts and behaviour shown through people's lives. It makes them different from others.
Each person's personality is made up of different personality characters such as kindness or shyness. These characters decide how people behave in different situations. For example, if someone shy is served the wrong meal in a restaurant, he probably won't say anything. On the other hand, someone outgoing will probably complain and get the meal he ordered.
Where does your personality come from?
The human brain is like a computer because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot.
However, humans aren't robots! We have personalities. The human brain has a special part giving us personality and allowing us to think for ourselves, unlike a computer. This part of the brain is called the mind.
Personality types
Clearly scientists cannot study the mind by looking inside someone's brain! All they would see is blood and grey matter. To study the mind, scientists have to study human behaviour. This includes watching people carefully and organizing personality tests like this one:
1. Do you think you're pretty or good-looking?
2. Would you rather read a book or go to a party?
3. Do you have a large group of friends or just one or two close friends?
4. Do you mind talking in public or does it scare you?
5. Are you messy or neat?
6. Do you plan your work well or do you do things at the last minute?
Scientists believe that answers to these types of questions tell us something about a person's personality characters. After asking thousands of people thousands of questions, they've found that some personality characters seem to go together. This has led scientists to believe that there're certain personality types. For example, shy people are often quiet. They have an introverted(内向的) personality type. The opposite is an extroverted(外向的) personality type—people who are outgoing, talkative and like being around other people.
1. Why is the human brain like a computer?
Because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot.
2. What part of the human brain gives us personality and allows us to think for ourselves?
The mind.
3. How do scientists study human behaviour?
They watch people carefully and organize personality tests.
4. If someone is outgoing, what might he or she do when getting the wrong meal in a restaurant?
He or she will probably complain and get the meal he or she ordered.
5. 新考法 开放性设问 What kind of personality type are you and what decides your personality?
I'm an extroverted person and my family environment decides my personality.（答案不唯一,言之有理即可）
答案：1. Because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot.
2. The mind.
3. They watch people carefully and organize personality tests.
4. He or she will probably complain and get the meal he or she ordered.
5. I'm an extroverted person and my family environment decides my personality.（答案不唯一,言之有理即可）
2. The mind.
3. They watch people carefully and organize personality tests.
4. He or she will probably complain and get the meal he or she ordered.
5. I'm an extroverted person and my family environment decides my personality.（答案不唯一,言之有理即可）
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇阅读理解简答题，解题核心思路是带着每道题的题干关键词回到原文精准定位，绝大多数细节类题目都能直接找到对应原文内容提取答案：
1. 第一题询问人脑和电脑相似的原因，找到关键词"human brain like a computer"定位对应段落找原因即可；
2. 第二题询问赋予人性格、让人独立思考的脑部部位，找到关键词"gives us personality and allows us to think for ourselves"定位原文提取名称；
3. 第三题询问科学家研究人类行为的方式，找到关键词"scientists study human behaviour"定位后续的动作描述；
4. 第四题询问外向的人遇到餐厅上错菜的反应，找到关键词"the wrong meal in a restaurant"的对应例子提取内容；
5. 最后一道开放性设问，结合文章给出的性格分类，说明自身性格类型，再给出合理的性格影响因素即可，言之有理就符合要求。
【解析】
1. 定位到原文"Where does your personality come from?"板块的第一句，直接可获取人脑和电脑相似的原因，整理后得到答案。
2. 定位到"Where does your personality come from?"板块的后续描述，原文明确说明该特殊部位的名称，直接提取即可。
3. 定位到"Personality types"板块中描述科学家研究方式的内容，原文明确说明研究人类行为包含仔细观察人群、设计人格测试两个部分，整理后即为答案。
4. 定位到文章第一段举例部分，原文直接给出外向的人遇到上错菜的反应，调整人称适配题干表述即可。
5. 本题为开放性试题，只需清晰说明自己的性格类型，给出合理的影响性格的因素，例如家庭环境、成长经历、先天特质等均可，无统一标准答案。
【答案】
1. Because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot.
2. The mind.
3. They watch people carefully and organize personality tests.
4. He or she will probably complain and get the meal he or she ordered.
5. I'm an extroverted person and my family environment decides my personality.（答案不唯一,言之有理即可）
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，文本信息提取，英语开放表达
【点评】
本题属于基础阅读简答题，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文中定位获取，不需要复杂的推理，既考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，最后一道开放题也引导学生结合自身实际思考性格相关的内容，难度友好，适合巩固阅读基础能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇阅读理解简答题，解题核心思路是带着每道题的题干关键词回到原文精准定位，绝大多数细节类题目都能直接找到对应原文内容提取答案：
1. 第一题询问人脑和电脑相似的原因，找到关键词"human brain like a computer"定位对应段落找原因即可；
2. 第二题询问赋予人性格、让人独立思考的脑部部位，找到关键词"gives us personality and allows us to think for ourselves"定位原文提取名称；
3. 第三题询问科学家研究人类行为的方式，找到关键词"scientists study human behaviour"定位后续的动作描述；
4. 第四题询问外向的人遇到餐厅上错菜的反应，找到关键词"the wrong meal in a restaurant"的对应例子提取内容；
5. 最后一道开放性设问，结合文章给出的性格分类，说明自身性格类型，再给出合理的性格影响因素即可，言之有理就符合要求。
【解析】
1. 定位到原文"Where does your personality come from?"板块的第一句，直接可获取人脑和电脑相似的原因，整理后得到答案。
2. 定位到"Where does your personality come from?"板块的后续描述，原文明确说明该特殊部位的名称，直接提取即可。
3. 定位到"Personality types"板块中描述科学家研究方式的内容，原文明确说明研究人类行为包含仔细观察人群、设计人格测试两个部分，整理后即为答案。
4. 定位到文章第一段举例部分，原文直接给出外向的人遇到上错菜的反应，调整人称适配题干表述即可。
5. 本题为开放性试题，只需清晰说明自己的性格类型，给出合理的影响性格的因素，例如家庭环境、成长经历、先天特质等均可，无统一标准答案。
【答案】
1. Because it controls the human body just as a computer controls a robot.
2. The mind.
3. They watch people carefully and organize personality tests.
4. He or she will probably complain and get the meal he or she ordered.
5. I'm an extroverted person and my family environment decides my personality.（答案不唯一,言之有理即可）
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，文本信息提取，英语开放表达
【点评】
本题属于基础阅读简答题，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文中定位获取，不需要复杂的推理，既考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，最后一道开放题也引导学生结合自身实际思考性格相关的内容，难度友好，适合巩固阅读基础能力。
【难度系数】
0.7