四、阅读理解。
新素材 传统文化 ① Sugar painting is a painting made of sugar. The development of the art is a long process(过程). Every change in the form of sugar painting reflects the changes in the social life, and it is also a reflection of historical and cultural customs.
② Since the Warring States Period, the ancient people loved sweets and developed methods of producing sugar. In the Tang Dynasty, there was huge development in the technology of sugar making. And sugar, the precious product once only served to the emperors and princes, also went into people's homes. With the cultural and economic development of the Song and Yuan dynasties, people became less interested in only tasting sweetness. In the Ming Dynasty, some people added pictures with good luck into the bowl of sugar, and sugar painting appeared.
③ Sugar painting is different from normal painting. It needs boiling syrup(熬糖浆) and painting. It seems simple, but it is extremely challenging to make. Sugar painters use syrup as the material, a spoon as the "paintbrush", and a smooth table as the "paper". To make syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting. Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work in a very short time. They move the spoon full of syrup up and down, left and right. Soon a sugar painting is done.
④ However, it's a pity that this folk art is dying recently. The sugar painting that used to be rich in shapes has become poorer and poorer because of fewer needs. What's worse, few people seem to be willing to pass on the art except those aging sugar painters.
⑤ For most people, painting is a kind of art and difficult to understand. However, sugar painting has pulled the art down into people's daily lives. Through it, we may see the spiritual support of the ancient people across centuries. Now, sugar painting has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage in China.
1. Why should sugar painters make the work very quickly?
A. To show their excellent skills.
B. To avoid syrup becoming hard.
C. To protect the spoon and the table.
D. To reduce people's waiting time.
2. 新考法 句意理解 What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Sugar painting is popular in people's daily lives.
B. Sugar painting is dying and it is worrying recently.
C. Sugar painting should be remembered and passed on.
D. Sugar painting is a kind of art and difficult to understand.
3. 新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
新素材 传统文化 ① Sugar painting is a painting made of sugar. The development of the art is a long process(过程). Every change in the form of sugar painting reflects the changes in the social life, and it is also a reflection of historical and cultural customs.
② Since the Warring States Period, the ancient people loved sweets and developed methods of producing sugar. In the Tang Dynasty, there was huge development in the technology of sugar making. And sugar, the precious product once only served to the emperors and princes, also went into people's homes. With the cultural and economic development of the Song and Yuan dynasties, people became less interested in only tasting sweetness. In the Ming Dynasty, some people added pictures with good luck into the bowl of sugar, and sugar painting appeared.
③ Sugar painting is different from normal painting. It needs boiling syrup(熬糖浆) and painting. It seems simple, but it is extremely challenging to make. Sugar painters use syrup as the material, a spoon as the "paintbrush", and a smooth table as the "paper". To make syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting. Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work in a very short time. They move the spoon full of syrup up and down, left and right. Soon a sugar painting is done.
④ However, it's a pity that this folk art is dying recently. The sugar painting that used to be rich in shapes has become poorer and poorer because of fewer needs. What's worse, few people seem to be willing to pass on the art except those aging sugar painters.
⑤ For most people, painting is a kind of art and difficult to understand. However, sugar painting has pulled the art down into people's daily lives. Through it, we may see the spiritual support of the ancient people across centuries. Now, sugar painting has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage in China.
1. Why should sugar painters make the work very quickly?
A. To show their excellent skills.
B. To avoid syrup becoming hard.
C. To protect the spoon and the table.
D. To reduce people's waiting time.
2. 新考法 句意理解 What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Sugar painting is popular in people's daily lives.
B. Sugar painting is dying and it is worrying recently.
C. Sugar painting should be remembered and passed on.
D. Sugar painting is a kind of art and difficult to understand.
3. 新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
答案：1. B 【解析】根据第三段中"Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work in a very short time."可知,快速完成糖画创作是为了避免糖浆变硬。
2. B 【解析】根据画线句所在段的首句"However, it's a pity that this folk art is dying recently."和画线句中的"What's worse"可知,此句进一步表明糖画正在消失,前景令人担忧。
3. C 【解析】通读全文可知,第一段简单介绍了糖画,引出主题;第二、三、四段分别介绍了糖画的历史发展、制作方法和目前的困境;第五段总结了糖画的文化价值和保护措施。因此本文的篇章结构划分为①/②③④/⑤。
2. B 【解析】根据画线句所在段的首句"However, it's a pity that this folk art is dying recently."和画线句中的"What's worse"可知,此句进一步表明糖画正在消失,前景令人担忧。
3. C 【解析】通读全文可知,第一段简单介绍了糖画,引出主题;第二、三、四段分别介绍了糖画的历史发展、制作方法和目前的困境;第五段总结了糖画的文化价值和保护措施。因此本文的篇章结构划分为①/②③④/⑤。
解析：
【分析】
我们可以逐题梳理清晰解题思路：
1. 第一题是细节定位题，首先抓住题干关键词"make the work very quickly"，回到原文对应段落第三段查找因果逻辑句，找到原文明确说明糖浆冷却会变硬，因此必须快速完成创作，直接匹配对应选项即可。
2. 第二题是句意理解题，首先定位划线句所在的第4段，该段首句已经点明核心"it's a pity that this folk art is dying recently"，划线句开头的"What's worse"是递进逻辑，说明这句话是进一步补充说明糖画传承后继无人的糟糕现状，强化"糖画正在消亡、现状令人担忧"的核心，匹配对应选项。
3. 第三题是篇章结构题，先逐段概括段意：第1段总起，引入糖画的基本定义，点明其承载文化属性，引出全文主题；第2、3、4段是并列的分述部分，分别介绍糖画的发展历史、制作特点、当前面临的传承困境三个不同维度的内容；第5段总结升华，点明糖画的文化价值以及如今被列入非遗的现状，属于典型的总-分-总结构，对应选项C的图示。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：根据原文第3段"Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work in a very short time"可知，糖画艺人必须快速完成作品的原因是避免糖浆冷却变硬，对应选项B。
2. 句意理解：划线句位于第4段，该段核心是介绍糖画如今濒临消亡的现状，"What's worse"表递进，说明除了需求减少导致糖画样式变少之外，传承后继无人的情况进一步加剧了糖画的消亡危机，进一步体现糖画正在消失、现状令人担忧，对应选项B。
3. 篇章结构梳理：
第①段：总述，介绍糖画的基本属性，引出全文说明对象
第②段：分述，介绍糖画的起源与历史发展脉络
第③段：分述，介绍糖画特殊的制作工艺要求
第④段：分述，介绍当下糖画面临的传承困境
第⑤段：总述，总结糖画的文化价值，点明其入选非遗的现状
整体为总-分-总结构，对应图示C。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. C
【知识点】
英语细节理解，句意猜测，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题以我国非物质文化遗产糖画为命题载体，渗透传统文化教育，题型设置由浅入深，从基础细节定位到句意理解再到篇章整体架构梳理，符合初中英语阅读的常规考查逻辑，提醒学生做篇章结构类题目时，优先逐段提炼核心大意再进行归类，能大幅提升解题准确率。
【难度系数】
0.6
我们可以逐题梳理清晰解题思路：
1. 第一题是细节定位题，首先抓住题干关键词"make the work very quickly"，回到原文对应段落第三段查找因果逻辑句，找到原文明确说明糖浆冷却会变硬，因此必须快速完成创作，直接匹配对应选项即可。
2. 第二题是句意理解题，首先定位划线句所在的第4段，该段首句已经点明核心"it's a pity that this folk art is dying recently"，划线句开头的"What's worse"是递进逻辑，说明这句话是进一步补充说明糖画传承后继无人的糟糕现状，强化"糖画正在消亡、现状令人担忧"的核心，匹配对应选项。
3. 第三题是篇章结构题，先逐段概括段意：第1段总起，引入糖画的基本定义，点明其承载文化属性，引出全文主题；第2、3、4段是并列的分述部分，分别介绍糖画的发展历史、制作特点、当前面临的传承困境三个不同维度的内容；第5段总结升华，点明糖画的文化价值以及如今被列入非遗的现状，属于典型的总-分-总结构，对应选项C的图示。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：根据原文第3段"Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work in a very short time"可知，糖画艺人必须快速完成作品的原因是避免糖浆冷却变硬，对应选项B。
2. 句意理解：划线句位于第4段，该段核心是介绍糖画如今濒临消亡的现状，"What's worse"表递进，说明除了需求减少导致糖画样式变少之外，传承后继无人的情况进一步加剧了糖画的消亡危机，进一步体现糖画正在消失、现状令人担忧，对应选项B。
3. 篇章结构梳理：
第①段：总述，介绍糖画的基本属性，引出全文说明对象
第②段：分述，介绍糖画的起源与历史发展脉络
第③段：分述，介绍糖画特殊的制作工艺要求
第④段：分述，介绍当下糖画面临的传承困境
第⑤段：总述，总结糖画的文化价值，点明其入选非遗的现状
整体为总-分-总结构，对应图示C。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. C
【知识点】
英语细节理解，句意猜测，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题以我国非物质文化遗产糖画为命题载体，渗透传统文化教育，题型设置由浅入深，从基础细节定位到句意理解再到篇章整体架构梳理，符合初中英语阅读的常规考查逻辑，提醒学生做篇章结构类题目时，优先逐段提炼核心大意再进行归类，能大幅提升解题准确率。
【难度系数】
0.6