一、根据句意及首字母提示写出单词。
1. As teenagers, we should learn to be responsible and make a positive difference to our s
2. When we cook food at home, we need a little cooking o
3. Look at the sunflower over there. Its strong straight s
4. — Farmers can grow p
— I see. They hide their fruits in the earth and are easy to grow.
1. As teenagers, we should learn to be responsible and make a positive difference to our s
society
.2. When we cook food at home, we need a little cooking o
oil
to keep the food from sticking to the pan.3. Look at the sunflower over there. Its strong straight s
stem
holds the heavy flower and helps it to stand tall in the sun.4. — Farmers can grow p
peanuts
in warm places, and they are tasty to eat.— I see. They hide their fruits in the earth and are easy to grow.
答案：1. society
2. oil
3. stem
4. peanuts
2. oil
3. stem
4. peanuts
解析：
【分析】
这类题目是根据句意和首字母提示填写正确的英语单词，解题思路为：1. 通读句子，理解句子的整体语境；2. 结合给出的首字母，联想符合语境的常用英语单词；3. 验证所选单词是否符合语法规则和句子逻辑，最终确定答案。
【解析】
1. 句意：作为青少年，我们应当学会负责任，对我们的社会产生积极影响。结合首字母s，“society（社会）”符合语境，故填society。
2. 句意：在家做饭时，我们需要一点食用油来防止食物粘锅。结合首字母o，“oil（油）”符合语境，故填oil。
3. 句意：看那边的向日葵，它强壮笔直的茎支撑着沉重的花，帮助它在阳光下挺立。结合首字母s，“stem（茎）”符合语境，故填stem。
4. 句意：——农民在温暖的地方种花生，它们很好吃。——我知道，它们把果实藏在土里，容易种植。结合首字母p，“peanuts（花生）”符合语境，故填peanuts。
【答案】
1. society
2. oil
3. stem
4. peanuts
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、名词运用
【点评】
本题为基础词汇考查题，侧重语境理解与常用名词的掌握，是英语学习中的基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
这类题目是根据句意和首字母提示填写正确的英语单词，解题思路为：1. 通读句子，理解句子的整体语境；2. 结合给出的首字母，联想符合语境的常用英语单词；3. 验证所选单词是否符合语法规则和句子逻辑，最终确定答案。
【解析】
1. 句意：作为青少年，我们应当学会负责任，对我们的社会产生积极影响。结合首字母s，“society（社会）”符合语境，故填society。
2. 句意：在家做饭时，我们需要一点食用油来防止食物粘锅。结合首字母o，“oil（油）”符合语境，故填oil。
3. 句意：看那边的向日葵，它强壮笔直的茎支撑着沉重的花，帮助它在阳光下挺立。结合首字母s，“stem（茎）”符合语境，故填stem。
4. 句意：——农民在温暖的地方种花生，它们很好吃。——我知道，它们把果实藏在土里，容易种植。结合首字母p，“peanuts（花生）”符合语境，故填peanuts。
【答案】
1. society
2. oil
3. stem
4. peanuts
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、名词运用
【点评】
本题为基础词汇考查题，侧重语境理解与常用名词的掌握，是英语学习中的基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
1. — Dad, these apple trees we planted three years ago look strong and green.
— Sure. Next year they will grow well enough to
A.bear
B.break
C.bring
D.burn
— Sure. Next year they will grow well enough to
A
nice sweet apples for us.A.bear
B.break
C.bring
D.burn
答案：1. A
解析：
【分析】首先理解对话语境：一方说三年前种的苹果树现在长得壮，另一方回应明年它们会长得足够好，能为我们______甜苹果。需要选择符合“苹果树结出果实”含义的动词。
【解析】逐一分析选项词义：A. bear作动词时，有“结（果实）”的含义，符合苹果树结果的语境；B. break意为“打破、折断”，不符合；C. bring意为“带来”，通常指带来物品，不用于果树结果；D. burn意为“燃烧、烧毁”，与语境无关。结合语境，应选bear表示“结出（苹果）”。
【答案】A
【知识点】动词词义辨析
【点评】本题考查常用动词的词义辨析，需结合语境理解动词的具体含义，属于基础词汇应用类题目。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】逐一分析选项词义：A. bear作动词时，有“结（果实）”的含义，符合苹果树结果的语境；B. break意为“打破、折断”，不符合；C. bring意为“带来”，通常指带来物品，不用于果树结果；D. burn意为“燃烧、烧毁”，与语境无关。结合语境，应选bear表示“结出（苹果）”。
【答案】A
【知识点】动词词义辨析
【点评】本题考查常用动词的词义辨析，需结合语境理解动词的具体含义，属于基础词汇应用类题目。
【难度系数】0.5
2. — Our English teacher is very humorous and easy to get along with.
— That's true.
A.Like
B.As
C.With
D.Unlike
— That's true.
D
many strict teachers, she always makes her classes lively and interesting.A.Like
B.As
C.With
D.Unlike
答案：2. D
解析：
【分析】首先通读对话，明确上下文逻辑：前一句夸赞英语老师幽默易相处，后一句回应“确实”，后半句提到她的课生动有趣，与“很多严格的老师”形成对比。接着辨析四个选项的介词含义：A选项like表“像（同类相似）”，B选项as表“作为（身份）”，C选项with表“和/伴随”，D选项unlike表“不像（对比）”，结合语境的对比关系即可选出答案。
【解析】对话中“many strict teachers”与主语“our English teacher”形成对比，需选表对比的介词。A.Like表相似，不符合；B.As表身份，语义不符；C.With表伴随，语义不符；D.Unlike表对比，符合语境。因此选D。
【答案】D
【知识点】介词辨析；语境理解
【点评】本题结合日常对话考查介词用法，需准确把握介词含义及语境逻辑，属于基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】对话中“many strict teachers”与主语“our English teacher”形成对比，需选表对比的介词。A.Like表相似，不符合；B.As表身份，语义不符；C.With表伴随，语义不符；D.Unlike表对比，符合语境。因此选D。
【答案】D
【知识点】介词辨析；语境理解
【点评】本题结合日常对话考查介词用法，需准确把握介词含义及语境逻辑，属于基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
3. — What do you think of the new park?
— It's really
A.boring
B.expensive
C.attractive
D.terrible
— It's really
C
! The rides, the food, and the shows are all fantastic.A.boring
B.expensive
C.attractive
D.terrible
答案：3. C
解析：
【分析】
本题考查形容词词义辨析及情景交际。首先根据答语后半句“The rides, the food, and the shows are all fantastic”（游乐设施、食物和表演都很棒）可知，需要选择一个褒义的形容词来描述新公园。逐一分析选项，排除不符合语境的选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
根据答语中“all fantastic”（都很棒）的褒义语境，需选褒义形容词：
A选项boring意为“无聊的”，与夸赞语境矛盾，排除；
B选项expensive意为“昂贵的”，不符合后文对公园的正面评价，排除；
C选项attractive意为“吸引人的”，符合“很棒”的正面描述，当选；
D选项terrible意为“糟糕的”，与语境完全不符，排除。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
形容词词义辨析；情景交际
【点评】
本题为基础情景交际题，结合语境分析形容词词义即可得出答案，侧重考查常用形容词的含义理解，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题考查形容词词义辨析及情景交际。首先根据答语后半句“The rides, the food, and the shows are all fantastic”（游乐设施、食物和表演都很棒）可知，需要选择一个褒义的形容词来描述新公园。逐一分析选项，排除不符合语境的选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
根据答语中“all fantastic”（都很棒）的褒义语境，需选褒义形容词：
A选项boring意为“无聊的”，与夸赞语境矛盾，排除；
B选项expensive意为“昂贵的”，不符合后文对公园的正面评价，排除；
C选项attractive意为“吸引人的”，符合“很棒”的正面描述，当选；
D选项terrible意为“糟糕的”，与语境完全不符，排除。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
形容词词义辨析；情景交际
【点评】
本题为基础情景交际题，结合语境分析形容词词义即可得出答案，侧重考查常用形容词的含义理解，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
4. — You have already known the importance of confidence.
— Yes.
A.Unless
B.Since
C.Though
D.Until
— Yes.
B
confidence plays such an important role, we should keep believing in ourselves.A.Unless
B.Since
C.Though
D.Until
答案：4. B
解析：
【分析】首先通读对话，明确上下文逻辑：前句提及知道自信的重要性，答句中“自信起重要作用”是“我们应该相信自己”的原因，需选择表原因的连词。逐一分析选项：A项Unless表条件，B项Since表原因，C项Though表让步，D项Until表时间，结合逻辑关系可排除不符合的选项。
【解析】根据对话语境，后半句“自信起重要作用”是“我们应该相信自己”的原因，需选表原因的连词。A项Unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句；B项Since意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句；C项Though意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；D项Until意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。此处表原因，故选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】连词（原因状语从句）
【点评】本题考查连词的词义辨析，核心是理清句子间的逻辑关系，属于基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】根据对话语境，后半句“自信起重要作用”是“我们应该相信自己”的原因，需选表原因的连词。A项Unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句；B项Since意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句；C项Though意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；D项Until意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。此处表原因，故选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】连词（原因状语从句）
【点评】本题考查连词的词义辨析，核心是理清句子间的逻辑关系，属于基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.5
三、句子翻译。
1. 让这么好的机会白白浪费真是太可惜了。
2. 我们开始清扫地板、擦窗户和整理桌椅。
3. 并不是每个人都能买得起这么贵的书。
4. 不像其他花朵，蒲公英(dandelion)把种子藏在绒球(fluffy ball)里。
5. 这辆自行车虽然旧，但仍然很好用。
1. 让这么好的机会白白浪费真是太可惜了。
It's a pity to let such a good chance go to waste.
2. 我们开始清扫地板、擦窗户和整理桌椅。
We began sweeping the floor, cleaning the windows and arranging the desks and chairs.
3. 并不是每个人都能买得起这么贵的书。
Not everyone can afford to buy such an expensive book.
4. 不像其他花朵，蒲公英(dandelion)把种子藏在绒球(fluffy ball)里。
Unlike other flowers, the dandelion hides its seeds in its fluffy ball.
5. 这辆自行车虽然旧，但仍然很好用。
Though the bike is old, it is still very useful.
答案：1. It's a pity to let such a good chance go to waste.
2. We began sweeping the floor, cleaning the windows and arranging the desks and chairs.
3. Not everyone can afford to buy such an expensive book.
4. Unlike other flowers, the dandelion hides its seeds in its fluffy ball.
5. Though the bike is old, it is still very useful.
2. We began sweeping the floor, cleaning the windows and arranging the desks and chairs.
3. Not everyone can afford to buy such an expensive book.
4. Unlike other flowers, the dandelion hides its seeds in its fluffy ball.
5. Though the bike is old, it is still very useful.
解析：
【分析】
本题为汉译英基础练习，需掌握英语常用表达、固定句型及动词短语。翻译时先明确每个句子的核心结构，再对应匹配英语的固定搭配与表达：如“做某事太可惜”用“It's a pity to do sth.”，“开始做某事”用“begin doing sth.”，“买得起”用“afford to buy”，“不像”用介词“Unlike”，“虽然”用连词“Though”，最后按英语语序组合内容即可。
【解析】
1. 核心结构为“It's + 形容词 + to do sth.”，“这么好的机会”对应“such a good chance”，“白白浪费”是固定短语“go to waste”，组合得：It's a pity to let such a good chance go to waste.
2. “开始”用过去式“began”，三个并列动作分别为“清扫地板（sweeping the floor）、擦窗户（cleaning the windows）、整理桌椅（arranging the desks and chairs）”，用and连接并列动名词，得：We began sweeping the floor, cleaning the windows and arranging the desks and chairs.
3. “并不是每个人”对应“Not everyone”，“能买得起”是“can afford to buy”，“这么贵的书”是“such an expensive book”，组合得：Not everyone can afford to buy such an expensive book.
4. “不像”用介词“Unlike”，“蒲公英”是“the dandelion”，“把种子藏在绒球里”对应“hides its seeds in its fluffy ball”，得：Unlike other flowers, the dandelion hides its seeds in its fluffy ball.
5. “虽然”用连词“Though”，“这辆自行车”是“the bike”，“旧”是“old”，“仍然很好用”是“it is still very useful”，得：Though the bike is old, it is still very useful.
【答案】
1. It's a pity to let such a good chance go to waste.
2. We began sweeping the floor, cleaning the windows and arranging the desks and chairs.
3. Not everyone can afford to buy such an expensive book.
4. Unlike other flowers, the dandelion hides its seeds in its fluffy ball.
5. Though the bike is old, it is still very useful.
【知识点】
汉译英常用句型、动词短语、连词用法
【点评】
本题为英语基础汉译英练习，考察学生对常用表达、固定搭配及句型的掌握，属于英语基础应用类题目，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为汉译英基础练习，需掌握英语常用表达、固定句型及动词短语。翻译时先明确每个句子的核心结构，再对应匹配英语的固定搭配与表达：如“做某事太可惜”用“It's a pity to do sth.”，“开始做某事”用“begin doing sth.”，“买得起”用“afford to buy”，“不像”用介词“Unlike”，“虽然”用连词“Though”，最后按英语语序组合内容即可。
【解析】
1. 核心结构为“It's + 形容词 + to do sth.”，“这么好的机会”对应“such a good chance”，“白白浪费”是固定短语“go to waste”，组合得：It's a pity to let such a good chance go to waste.
2. “开始”用过去式“began”，三个并列动作分别为“清扫地板（sweeping the floor）、擦窗户（cleaning the windows）、整理桌椅（arranging the desks and chairs）”，用and连接并列动名词，得：We began sweeping the floor, cleaning the windows and arranging the desks and chairs.
3. “并不是每个人”对应“Not everyone”，“能买得起”是“can afford to buy”，“这么贵的书”是“such an expensive book”，组合得：Not everyone can afford to buy such an expensive book.
4. “不像”用介词“Unlike”，“蒲公英”是“the dandelion”，“把种子藏在绒球里”对应“hides its seeds in its fluffy ball”，得：Unlike other flowers, the dandelion hides its seeds in its fluffy ball.
5. “虽然”用连词“Though”，“这辆自行车”是“the bike”，“旧”是“old”，“仍然很好用”是“it is still very useful”，得：Though the bike is old, it is still very useful.
【答案】
1. It's a pity to let such a good chance go to waste.
2. We began sweeping the floor, cleaning the windows and arranging the desks and chairs.
3. Not everyone can afford to buy such an expensive book.
4. Unlike other flowers, the dandelion hides its seeds in its fluffy ball.
5. Though the bike is old, it is still very useful.
【知识点】
汉译英常用句型、动词短语、连词用法
【点评】
本题为英语基础汉译英练习，考察学生对常用表达、固定搭配及句型的掌握，属于英语基础应用类题目，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
四、核心素养 社会主义先进文化 词汇运用。
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:优秀人物 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★
As a Chinese educator, Zhang Guimei is highly respected for her selfless spirit. She was born in 1957 and has spent all her life helping girls' 1.
In Huaping, she found that because lots of parents had little money and old ideas, they didn't support their 3.
"An educated mother will never let her children 5.
With this belief, Zhang decided 7.
To prevent students from dropping out of school, Zhang has kept a habit of 9.
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:优秀人物 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★
As a Chinese educator, Zhang Guimei is highly respected for her selfless spirit. She was born in 1957 and has spent all her life helping girls' 1.
education
(educate) in China. After graduating from college in 1990, Zhang 2. became
(become) a middle-school teacher. In 1996, she went to teach in the mountainous Huaping County, Yunnan, a place that was totally strange to her.In Huaping, she found that because lots of parents had little money and old ideas, they didn't support their 3.
daughters'
(daughter) education. Many girls dropped out of school and got 4. married
(marry) at a young age."An educated mother will never let her children 5.
drop
(drop) out of school," Zhang said. "As long as I have one breath, I 6. will keep
(keep) teaching in the classroom with all my efforts and giving out everything I have."With this belief, Zhang decided 7.
to set
(set) up a free high school for girls in 2002, an idea many called crazy. With help from the local government, as well as personal donations, Zhang finally founded Huaping Senior High School for Girls 8. successfully
(success) in 2008.To prevent students from dropping out of school, Zhang has kept a habit of 9.
visiting
(visit) every student's home, which means she may have to travel for several hours deep in the mountains a day. So far, the school 10. has helped
(help) around 2,000 girls from poor mountains to enter universities, changing their lives.答案：1. education
2. became
3. daughters'
4. married
5. drop
6. will keep
7. to set
8. successfully
9. visiting
10. has helped
2. became
3. daughters'
4. married
5. drop
6. will keep
7. to set
8. successfully
9. visiting
10. has helped
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍张桂梅事迹的记叙文，属于词汇运用题，要求用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。解题思路：先通读全文把握主旨，再逐个分析每个空格的句子结构、所需词性/时态/语法功能，结合固定搭配、时态规则、词性转换等知识变形，确保符合语境和语法要求。
【解析】
1. 空格前为名词所有格girls'，需填名词作宾语，动词educate的名词形式为education，故填education。
2. 时间状语为1990年，表过去的动作，用一般过去时，动词become的过去式为became，故填became。
3. 此处表示“女儿们的教育”，需用复数名词的所有格，daughter的复数为daughters，其所有格形式为daughters'，故填daughters'。
4. 固定搭配get married意为“结婚”，此处需填形容词married，故填married。
5. 固定搭配let sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”，需用动词原形，故填drop。
6. as long as引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，故填will keep。
7. 固定搭配decide to do sth意为“决定做某事”，需用动词不定式，故填to set。
8. 此处修饰动词founded，需用副词，名词success的副词形式为successfully，故填successfully。
9. 介词of后接动名词作宾语，动词visit的动名词形式为visiting，故填visiting。
10. so far（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志，主语the school为单数，故用has helped，故填has helped。
【答案】
1. education
2. became
3. daughters'
4. married
5. drop
6. will keep
7. to set
8. successfully
9. visiting
10. has helped
【知识点】词性转换、动词时态、固定搭配
【点评】本题结合张桂梅的先进事迹，以记叙文形式考查词汇运用，既巩固了英语基础语法知识，又渗透了德育教育，难度适中，适合学生巩固相关知识点。
【难度系数】
0.5
这是一篇介绍张桂梅事迹的记叙文，属于词汇运用题，要求用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。解题思路：先通读全文把握主旨，再逐个分析每个空格的句子结构、所需词性/时态/语法功能，结合固定搭配、时态规则、词性转换等知识变形，确保符合语境和语法要求。
【解析】
1. 空格前为名词所有格girls'，需填名词作宾语，动词educate的名词形式为education，故填education。
2. 时间状语为1990年，表过去的动作，用一般过去时，动词become的过去式为became，故填became。
3. 此处表示“女儿们的教育”，需用复数名词的所有格，daughter的复数为daughters，其所有格形式为daughters'，故填daughters'。
4. 固定搭配get married意为“结婚”，此处需填形容词married，故填married。
5. 固定搭配let sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”，需用动词原形，故填drop。
6. as long as引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，故填will keep。
7. 固定搭配decide to do sth意为“决定做某事”，需用动词不定式，故填to set。
8. 此处修饰动词founded，需用副词，名词success的副词形式为successfully，故填successfully。
9. 介词of后接动名词作宾语，动词visit的动名词形式为visiting，故填visiting。
10. so far（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志，主语the school为单数，故用has helped，故填has helped。
【答案】
1. education
2. became
3. daughters'
4. married
5. drop
6. will keep
7. to set
8. successfully
9. visiting
10. has helped
【知识点】词性转换、动词时态、固定搭配
【点评】本题结合张桂梅的先进事迹，以记叙文形式考查词汇运用，既巩固了英语基础语法知识，又渗透了德育教育，难度适中，适合学生巩固相关知识点。
【难度系数】
0.5