五、阅读理解
Are you the kind of person who doesn't like school? Or are you more like Michael Nicholson, who can't stop learning? He has 30 degrees (学位), including 22 master's and a doctor's! If you're also crazy about studying, you might be a philomath—a person who loves to learn and study. The word comes from Greek with "phil" meaning "a lover of " and "math" meaning "learning".
Humans are all philomaths in a way—our brain (大脑) is born to be curious. We want to learn and understand, not only to know the world better but also because of something called neoteny. This word means the childlike features of some animals, including humans, that stay with them even when they become adults (成年人). One of these features is neuroplasticity (神经可塑性), which helps our brains stay flexible—this gives us the ability to learn all our lives. Many animals which are close to us in DNA, like primates (灵长类), can't do this and can only learn during their youth.
★ Lots of people remember their school days as being boring or even meaningless. Why is it? Scientists have suggested that if an idea is too difficult or boring, it becomes harder to bring old and new ideas together. If this happens, we lose interest and take in less information. This experience of education at school may lead to (导致) people giving up learning chances in later life.
So, don't let a bad educational experience stop you learning something new as an adult. We are lifelong learners by nature, so make good use of your biology and find out your natural philomath. Who knows what you could make happen?
(
A. give an example
B. make comparison (对比)
C. raise a question
D. list numbers
(
A. Work very hard.
B. Forget things quickly.
C. Be able to change easily.
D. Move slowly and carefully.
(
A. And being a philomath is easy.
B. So school education is the most important.
C. And children would try hard at school.
D. Many people love learning, but still there are some can't stand (忍受) it.
(
A. introduce what a philomath is
B. tell us the importance of learning
C. show how a philomath develops
D. encourage us to be a lifelong learner
Are you the kind of person who doesn't like school? Or are you more like Michael Nicholson, who can't stop learning? He has 30 degrees (学位), including 22 master's and a doctor's! If you're also crazy about studying, you might be a philomath—a person who loves to learn and study. The word comes from Greek with "phil" meaning "a lover of " and "math" meaning "learning".
Humans are all philomaths in a way—our brain (大脑) is born to be curious. We want to learn and understand, not only to know the world better but also because of something called neoteny. This word means the childlike features of some animals, including humans, that stay with them even when they become adults (成年人). One of these features is neuroplasticity (神经可塑性), which helps our brains stay flexible—this gives us the ability to learn all our lives. Many animals which are close to us in DNA, like primates (灵长类), can't do this and can only learn during their youth.
★ Lots of people remember their school days as being boring or even meaningless. Why is it? Scientists have suggested that if an idea is too difficult or boring, it becomes harder to bring old and new ideas together. If this happens, we lose interest and take in less information. This experience of education at school may lead to (导致) people giving up learning chances in later life.
So, don't let a bad educational experience stop you learning something new as an adult. We are lifelong learners by nature, so make good use of your biology and find out your natural philomath. Who knows what you could make happen?
(
A
) 1. Michael Nicholson is talked about in Paragraph 1 to .A. give an example
B. make comparison (对比)
C. raise a question
D. list numbers
(
C
) 2. What does the underlined phrase "stay flexible" in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Work very hard.
B. Forget things quickly.
C. Be able to change easily.
D. Move slowly and carefully.
(
D
) 3. Which of the following can be put in " ★ "?A. And being a philomath is easy.
B. So school education is the most important.
C. And children would try hard at school.
D. Many people love learning, but still there are some can't stand (忍受) it.
(
D
) 4. The writer's writing purpose (目的) is to .A. introduce what a philomath is
B. tell us the importance of learning
C. show how a philomath develops
D. encourage us to be a lifelong learner
答案：1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D
解析：
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，共4道小题，分别考查举例作用、词义猜测、句子还原及作者写作目的。解题时需结合文章段落内容、上下文逻辑关系、词义语境及主旨大意逐一分析选项，找到与原文匹配的正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段通过介绍Michael Nicholson拥有30个学位（包括22个硕士和1个博士）的例子，引出“philomath（热爱学习的人）”这一概念，因此提到Michael的目的是举例子，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：“stay flexible”所在句提到神经可塑性帮助大脑保持该状态，后文说明这一状态让我们具备终身学习的能力，结合语境可知“flexible”意为“灵活的、易改变的”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：空格位于第三段开头，后文提到“很多人觉得学校日子无聊甚至无意义”，需填入承上启下的句子。前文提到人类天生是热爱学习的，转折后应说明部分人无法忍受学习，选项D“很多人热爱学习，但仍有一些人无法忍受它”符合逻辑，故选择D。
4. 第4题：作者在最后一段明确提出“不要让糟糕的教育经历阻止你成年后学习，我们天生是终身学习者，要利用这一点”，核心目的是鼓励我们成为终身学习者，对应选项D。
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】本题围绕“终身学习”主题，题型全面，需学生具备语篇理解和逻辑推理能力，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段通过介绍Michael Nicholson拥有30个学位（包括22个硕士和1个博士）的例子，引出“philomath（热爱学习的人）”这一概念，因此提到Michael的目的是举例子，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：“stay flexible”所在句提到神经可塑性帮助大脑保持该状态，后文说明这一状态让我们具备终身学习的能力，结合语境可知“flexible”意为“灵活的、易改变的”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：空格位于第三段开头，后文提到“很多人觉得学校日子无聊甚至无意义”，需填入承上启下的句子。前文提到人类天生是热爱学习的，转折后应说明部分人无法忍受学习，选项D“很多人热爱学习，但仍有一些人无法忍受它”符合逻辑，故选择D。
4. 第4题：作者在最后一段明确提出“不要让糟糕的教育经历阻止你成年后学习，我们天生是终身学习者，要利用这一点”，核心目的是鼓励我们成为终身学习者，对应选项D。
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】本题围绕“终身学习”主题，题型全面，需学生具备语篇理解和逻辑推理能力，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6