四、短文填空
Guyu is also called the Grain Rain. It is 1. ______ sixth solar term in the traditional Chinese calendar. It usually arrives around April 19-21. 2. ______ the weather becomes warmer, the rainfall increases. This marks the end of cold weather and the beginning of a rainy season. This is good for crops' 3. ______ (grow). Farmers are busy working in the fields in the hope of having a 4. ______ (success) harvest in autumn.
5. agriculture (农业), Grain Rain is also of cultural importance to Chinese people. The Grain Rain Festival is celebrated across the seaside areas of eastern China. Grain Rain marks the start of the 6. (fisherman) first long journey of the year. The tradition dates back to more than 2 000 years ago. At that time, people 7. (believe) the gods would protect them from stormy seas. People would worship (敬奉) the sea during the Grain Rain Festival.
During the Grain Rain, in southern China, people drink tea. Spring tea during the Grain Rain has plenty of vitamins and amino acids(氨基酸). They help to take heat away from the body 8. (quick). People also believe that 9. (drink) tea on this day can help them stay away from bad luck.
People in northern China usually eat Chinese toon, which is a vegetable. The vegetable has a fresh taste. It can help to make our bodies 10. (healthy) and stronger.
Guyu is also called the Grain Rain. It is 1. ______ sixth solar term in the traditional Chinese calendar. It usually arrives around April 19-21. 2. ______ the weather becomes warmer, the rainfall increases. This marks the end of cold weather and the beginning of a rainy season. This is good for crops' 3. ______ (grow). Farmers are busy working in the fields in the hope of having a 4. ______ (success) harvest in autumn.
5. agriculture (农业), Grain Rain is also of cultural importance to Chinese people. The Grain Rain Festival is celebrated across the seaside areas of eastern China. Grain Rain marks the start of the 6. (fisherman) first long journey of the year. The tradition dates back to more than 2 000 years ago. At that time, people 7. (believe) the gods would protect them from stormy seas. People would worship (敬奉) the sea during the Grain Rain Festival.
During the Grain Rain, in southern China, people drink tea. Spring tea during the Grain Rain has plenty of vitamins and amino acids(氨基酸). They help to take heat away from the body 8. (quick). People also believe that 9. (drink) tea on this day can help them stay away from bad luck.
People in northern China usually eat Chinese toon, which is a vegetable. The vegetable has a fresh taste. It can help to make our bodies 10. (healthy) and stronger.
答案：1. the
2. As/When
3. growth
4. successful
5. Besides/Beyond
6. fishermen's
7. believed
8. quickly
9. drinking
10. healthier
2. As/When
3. growth
4. successful
5. Besides/Beyond
6. fishermen's
7. believed
8. quickly
9. drinking
10. healthier
解析：
【分析】
本题为短文填空，需结合语境、语法规则及词性变化完成填空。解题思路如下：
1. 序数词前需加定冠词the，故填the；
2. 此处引导时间状语从句，表“随着/当……时”，用As或When；
3. crops'为名词所有格，后接名词，需将动词grow转换为名词growth；
4. 修饰名词harvest需用形容词，将名词success转换为形容词successful；
5. 后文提及谷雨的文化重要性，此处表“除了农业之外”，用Besides或Beyond；
6. 表示“渔民的”，需用复数名词所有格fishermen's；
7. 时间状语at that time表过去，谓语动词用过去式，故填believed；
8. 修饰动词短语take away需用副词，将形容词quick转换为副词quickly；
9. 此处作宾语从句的主语，需用动名词形式，故填drinking；
10. 与并列的stronger（比较级）对应，需用形容词比较级healthier。
【解析】
1. 序数词sixth前必须加定冠词the，填the；
2. 引导时间状语从句，表“随着天气变暖/当天气变暖”，填As或When；
3. 名词所有格crops'后需接名词，grow的名词形式为growth，填growth；
4. 形容词修饰名词harvest，success的形容词为successful，填successful；
5. 表“除了……之外（还有）”，用介词Besides或Beyond，填Besides/Beyond；
6. 表示“渔民的”，复数名词fishermen的所有格为fishermen's，填fishermen's；
7. 由时间状语at that time可知用一般过去时，believe的过去式为believed，填believed；
8. 副词修饰动词短语take away，quick的副词为quickly，填quickly；
9. 动名词短语作宾语从句的主语，drink的动名词为drinking，填drinking；
10. 与stronger并列，需用形容词比较级，healthy的比较级为healthier，填healthier。
【答案】
1. the
2. As/When
3. growth
4. successful
5. Besides/Beyond
6. fishermen's
7. believed
8. quickly
9. drinking
10. healthier
【知识点】
冠词用法、词性转换、名词所有格
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法（冠词、时态、非谓语动词等）及词汇的词性变化，需结合上下文语境分析，整体难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为短文填空，需结合语境、语法规则及词性变化完成填空。解题思路如下：
1. 序数词前需加定冠词the，故填the；
2. 此处引导时间状语从句，表“随着/当……时”，用As或When；
3. crops'为名词所有格，后接名词，需将动词grow转换为名词growth；
4. 修饰名词harvest需用形容词，将名词success转换为形容词successful；
5. 后文提及谷雨的文化重要性，此处表“除了农业之外”，用Besides或Beyond；
6. 表示“渔民的”，需用复数名词所有格fishermen's；
7. 时间状语at that time表过去，谓语动词用过去式，故填believed；
8. 修饰动词短语take away需用副词，将形容词quick转换为副词quickly；
9. 此处作宾语从句的主语，需用动名词形式，故填drinking；
10. 与并列的stronger（比较级）对应，需用形容词比较级healthier。
【解析】
1. 序数词sixth前必须加定冠词the，填the；
2. 引导时间状语从句，表“随着天气变暖/当天气变暖”，填As或When；
3. 名词所有格crops'后需接名词，grow的名词形式为growth，填growth；
4. 形容词修饰名词harvest，success的形容词为successful，填successful；
5. 表“除了……之外（还有）”，用介词Besides或Beyond，填Besides/Beyond；
6. 表示“渔民的”，复数名词fishermen的所有格为fishermen's，填fishermen's；
7. 由时间状语at that time可知用一般过去时，believe的过去式为believed，填believed；
8. 副词修饰动词短语take away，quick的副词为quickly，填quickly；
9. 动名词短语作宾语从句的主语，drink的动名词为drinking，填drinking；
10. 与stronger并列，需用形容词比较级，healthy的比较级为healthier，填healthier。
【答案】
1. the
2. As/When
3. growth
4. successful
5. Besides/Beyond
6. fishermen's
7. believed
8. quickly
9. drinking
10. healthier
【知识点】
冠词用法、词性转换、名词所有格
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法（冠词、时态、非谓语动词等）及词汇的词性变化，需结合上下文语境分析，整体难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、阅读短文，回答问题
Last summer, the temperatures were very high in Europe. Firemen fought against hundreds of wildfires. And hundreds of people died because of the heat wave(热浪).
However, according to a survey, only about 20% of homes in Europe have air conditioners(空调), compared(对比) to 90% in the US. Why is that?
First, usually it isn't very hot in Europe in summer because of its location(地理位置). Europe is farther north than the US, making the weather cooler.
Second, there are many old houses in Europe. More than half of the houses in Europe were built in the last century. The weather was not as hot as it is now. Moreover, those old houses' structure (构造) and material make it harder and more expensive to put in air conditioners.
As for other reasons, they can be very personal. Some people think air conditioners make them sick, so they don't like air conditioners. Some think using air conditioners makes much greenhouse gas (气体). It is bad for the environment and makes the weather hotter!
But things may change in the coming years. With higher and higher temperatures, more and more Europeans are thinking about putting in air conditioners these days.
1. How many homes don't have air conditioners in Europe?
2. Why is it usually cooler in Europe in summer?
3. What does using air conditioners lead to (导致) in some people's ideas?
4. What's the passage mainly about?
5. Besides using air conditioners, what do you usually do to keep cool in summer?
Last summer, the temperatures were very high in Europe. Firemen fought against hundreds of wildfires. And hundreds of people died because of the heat wave(热浪).
However, according to a survey, only about 20% of homes in Europe have air conditioners(空调), compared(对比) to 90% in the US. Why is that?
First, usually it isn't very hot in Europe in summer because of its location(地理位置). Europe is farther north than the US, making the weather cooler.
Second, there are many old houses in Europe. More than half of the houses in Europe were built in the last century. The weather was not as hot as it is now. Moreover, those old houses' structure (构造) and material make it harder and more expensive to put in air conditioners.
As for other reasons, they can be very personal. Some people think air conditioners make them sick, so they don't like air conditioners. Some think using air conditioners makes much greenhouse gas (气体). It is bad for the environment and makes the weather hotter!
But things may change in the coming years. With higher and higher temperatures, more and more Europeans are thinking about putting in air conditioners these days.
1. How many homes don't have air conditioners in Europe?
About 80% of homes in Europe.
2. Why is it usually cooler in Europe in summer?
Because of its location.
3. What does using air conditioners lead to (导致) in some people's ideas?
Illnesses and greenhouse gas/hotter weather.
4. What's the passage mainly about?
Why most homes in Europe don't have air conditioners.
5. Besides using air conditioners, what do you usually do to keep cool in summer?
I usually eat ice creams/go swimming.
答案：1. About 80% of homes in Europe.
2. Because of its location.
3. Illnesses and greenhouse gas/hotter weather.
4. Why most homes in Europe don't have air conditioners.
5. I usually eat ice creams/go swimming.
2. Because of its location.
3. Illnesses and greenhouse gas/hotter weather.
4. Why most homes in Europe don't have air conditioners.
5. I usually eat ice creams/go swimming.
解析：
【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握核心内容（围绕欧洲家庭空调拥有率低的原因展开）；再针对每个问题定位原文对应信息：第1题找空调拥有率的数字计算未占比；第2题定位欧洲夏季凉爽的原因；第3题提取人们认为用空调导致的结果；第4题归纳文章主旨；第5题结合实际给出合理降温方式，答案需符合原文或逻辑合理。
【解析】
1. 原文明确提到欧洲仅约20%的家庭有空调，因此无空调的家庭占比为100%-20%=80%；
2. 原文第三段指出欧洲夏季通常较凉爽是因为地理位置；
3. 原文第五段提到部分人认为用空调会导致生病、产生大量温室气体，还会让天气更热；
4. 文章围绕欧洲大部分家庭没有空调的原因展开，主旨即为此；
5. 主观题结合日常降温方式，合理即可，如吃冰淇淋、游泳等。
【答案】
1. About 80% of homes in Europe.
2. Because of its location.
3. Illnesses and greenhouse gas/hotter weather.
4. Why most homes in Europe don't have air conditioners.
5. I usually eat ice creams/go swimming.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，侧重考查学生提取文本细节、归纳主旨及结合实际表达的能力，文本贴近生活，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握核心内容（围绕欧洲家庭空调拥有率低的原因展开）；再针对每个问题定位原文对应信息：第1题找空调拥有率的数字计算未占比；第2题定位欧洲夏季凉爽的原因；第3题提取人们认为用空调导致的结果；第4题归纳文章主旨；第5题结合实际给出合理降温方式，答案需符合原文或逻辑合理。
【解析】
1. 原文明确提到欧洲仅约20%的家庭有空调，因此无空调的家庭占比为100%-20%=80%；
2. 原文第三段指出欧洲夏季通常较凉爽是因为地理位置；
3. 原文第五段提到部分人认为用空调会导致生病、产生大量温室气体，还会让天气更热；
4. 文章围绕欧洲大部分家庭没有空调的原因展开，主旨即为此；
5. 主观题结合日常降温方式，合理即可，如吃冰淇淋、游泳等。
【答案】
1. About 80% of homes in Europe.
2. Because of its location.
3. Illnesses and greenhouse gas/hotter weather.
4. Why most homes in Europe don't have air conditioners.
5. I usually eat ice creams/go swimming.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，侧重考查学生提取文本细节、归纳主旨及结合实际表达的能力，文本贴近生活，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7