四、阅读短文,从方框中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项
There are four great inventions in Chinese history. They are the compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing.
Compass
Before the compass was invented, people had to look at the sun, moon and stars to look for directions (方向).
Gunpowder
The Chinese first used gunpowder to make explosives (炸药) for wars at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Then people improved it greatly in the Song Dynasty.
Papermaking
The first type of paper was seen in the Western Han Dynasty but it was too hard to write on so it wasn't widely used. Later, Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty invented a kind of fine and white paper.
Printing
During the Tang Dynasty, Chinese people developed a creative way to produce more printed works at a time. There came the first type of woodblock printing.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
There are four great inventions in Chinese history. They are the compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing.
G
36Compass
Before the compass was invented, people had to look at the sun, moon and stars to look for directions (方向).
F
37 This method was later improved and led to the invention of the compass.Gunpowder
The Chinese first used gunpowder to make explosives (炸药) for wars at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Then people improved it greatly in the Song Dynasty.
D
38Papermaking
The first type of paper was seen in the Western Han Dynasty but it was too hard to write on so it wasn't widely used. Later, Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty invented a kind of fine and white paper.
C
39Printing
During the Tang Dynasty, Chinese people developed a creative way to produce more printed works at a time. There came the first type of woodblock printing.
A
4036.
G
37.
F
38.
D
39.
C
40.
A
答案：36.G 37.F 38.D 39.C 40.A
解析：
【分析】
本题为七选五阅读理解题，需结合文章主题（介绍中国古代四大发明）及上下文语境，分析每个空白处前后的语义逻辑，选择衔接最恰当的选项。解题时先通读全文把握主旨，再逐个分析每个空的前后句：36题需承接“四大发明”的总述，选总结性语句；37题对应指南针发明前的方向判断方法；38题承接火药的用途；39题对应蔡伦改进造纸术的优势；40题对应印刷术的作用。
【解析】
1. 36题：前文提到中国四大发明，后文分述各发明，此处需总述四大发明的意义，G选项“它们让人们的生活更轻松，启发许多其他发明”符合总起逻辑，故选G。
2. 37题：前文讲指南针发明前人们靠日月星找方向，后文说该方法改进成指南针，F选项“人们还用磁石来确定南北”是当时判断方向的另一种方法，衔接自然，故选F。
3. 38题：本段讲火药的发展，前文说火药用于战争，D选项“当时火药还被用来制作烟花”是火药的另一用途，符合语境，故选D。
4. 39题：本段讲造纸术，前文说蔡伦改进了纸，C选项“它写起来容易得多，很快变得非常流行”是改进后纸的优势，衔接前文“之前的纸太硬不好用”，故选C。
5. 40题：本段讲印刷术，前文提到木版印刷，A选项“它让书更便宜，更多人能买”是印刷术带来的好处，符合逻辑，故选A。
【答案】
36.G 37.F 38.D 39.C 40.A
【知识点】
七选五阅读理解、四大发明相关知识
【点评】
本题围绕中国古代四大发明展开，考查学生对文章上下文逻辑的理解能力，需结合语境匹配选项，难度适中，是常见的阅读理解题型。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为七选五阅读理解题，需结合文章主题（介绍中国古代四大发明）及上下文语境，分析每个空白处前后的语义逻辑，选择衔接最恰当的选项。解题时先通读全文把握主旨，再逐个分析每个空的前后句：36题需承接“四大发明”的总述，选总结性语句；37题对应指南针发明前的方向判断方法；38题承接火药的用途；39题对应蔡伦改进造纸术的优势；40题对应印刷术的作用。
【解析】
1. 36题：前文提到中国四大发明，后文分述各发明，此处需总述四大发明的意义，G选项“它们让人们的生活更轻松，启发许多其他发明”符合总起逻辑，故选G。
2. 37题：前文讲指南针发明前人们靠日月星找方向，后文说该方法改进成指南针，F选项“人们还用磁石来确定南北”是当时判断方向的另一种方法，衔接自然，故选F。
3. 38题：本段讲火药的发展，前文说火药用于战争，D选项“当时火药还被用来制作烟花”是火药的另一用途，符合语境，故选D。
4. 39题：本段讲造纸术，前文说蔡伦改进了纸，C选项“它写起来容易得多，很快变得非常流行”是改进后纸的优势，衔接前文“之前的纸太硬不好用”，故选C。
5. 40题：本段讲印刷术，前文提到木版印刷，A选项“它让书更便宜，更多人能买”是印刷术带来的好处，符合逻辑，故选A。
【答案】
36.G 37.F 38.D 39.C 40.A
【知识点】
七选五阅读理解、四大发明相关知识
【点评】
本题围绕中国古代四大发明展开，考查学生对文章上下文逻辑的理解能力，需结合语境匹配选项，难度适中，是常见的阅读理解题型。
【难度系数】
0.6